• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.152-164
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between depression and eating behavior factors in Korean adults. Methods: Study subjects were selected (n = 5,103) from the participants of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018 and divided into depression (men, 59; women, 162) and normal groups (men, 2,083; women, 2,799). Subjects with a Patient Health Questionnaire 9 score ≥ 10 (out of 27 points) were defined as having depression. Results: A higher prevalence of depression was observed in both men and women who were unemployed (p < 0.001, p = 0.008), had lower income (both p < 0.001), poorer subjective health (both p < 0.001), and poor food safety (both p < 0.001). The prevalence of depression was higher in women with lower education levels (p = 0.008), who were unmarried (p = 0.010), smokers (p < 0.001), and in a one-person household (p = 0.001). Obese men showed a higher prevalence of depression (p = 0.009). Men who were eating alone or skipping lunch had a high prevalence of depression (p = 0.009), while women who were eating breakfast (p = 0.012), lunch (p = 0.001), and dinner (p = 0.010) alone had a high prevalence of depression. The relationship analysis between men and women according to dietary habits using logistic regression showed that, in women, after variable adjustment, skipping lunch (odds ratio [OR], 2.677; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.090-6.574), meal frequency of 2 times per day (OR, 1.658; 95% CI, 1.084-2.536), and lunch frequency of 3-4 times per week (OR, 3.143; 95% CI, 1.725-5.728) were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of depression. Conclusion: Depression in women was not only affected by more sociodemographic variables but also associated with decreased frequency of lunch and dinner, especially with skipping lunch.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 1998

To classify the bodytype at sight of front line of the body, 20 to 59 year-old 484 females were examined. 73 photographic and 16 anthropometric measurements were taken to each subject. The indices were used to obtain the shape factor of the bodytype. The principal component analysis was performed to obtain the shape factor of the front line of body and 6 factors were abstracted. The factor score was better than the measurements as the independent variable in applying the cluster analysis to classify the shape. As the result of the cluster analysis, the shape of the body at sight of the front line was classified in 4 types. It was named X, Y, A, H type. Considering the sizes, Y type was obese and H type was lean characteristically.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.287-297
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• 1990

The status of the nutrient supplement usage of the adults in Seoul was investigated. One thousand two hundred adults from various age groups were chosen as the subject of this study. Data of this study were obtained by means of self administered questionnaire for demog-raphic characteristics(sex,age,edcation,income,occupation) and behavioral characteristics (reason for using nutrient supplement or not using,exercise,drinking & smoking). The overall response rate was 85%(n=1031). As a result, a substantial percentage(40%) of the subjects were used some kinds of nutrient supplement. The higher the age, educational level, and family income were, the higher the percentage of nutrient supplement usage was. But there was not the significant difference between sexes(38% in men vs 34% in women). And supple-ment usage was higher in the thin and obese groups than the average weight groups. Majority of subjects indicated that the information source of supplement was "Family/Friends" or "Phy-sician/Pharmacist". KEY WORDS: supplement usage vitamin/mineral supplement health food.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.42-51
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was effect of pilates exercise program on obesity pre-obese adult sixteen (men 3, women 13). The pilates exercise program was provided to subject for 4weeks (3 time a week) Measurements of pre and post 2weeks, and post 4weeks experiment were BMI (Body Mass Index), WHR(Waist-hip Ratio). The result were as follows: 1. The BMI was decreased in pre - exercise 2weeks, pre - exercise 4weeks but there was no statistically. There was significant difference between pre - exercise-4weeks. 2. The WHR was no significant difference between pre - exercise-2 weeks and pre - exercise-2 weeks and 2-4 weeks everybody.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.297-305
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• 2019

This study was conducted to compare the factors affecting quality of life according to the perception of subjective body image in adult women as a secondary study of the 7th 1st year Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The subjects were 3,392 adult women and their general characteristics, physical factors and psychological factors were analyzed. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 program after generating weighted composite sample plans and the significance level was set at 0.05. Factors influencing the quality of life of subjects who perceived their subjective body image as thin were education level, birth experience, depression, and subjective health and their explanatory power was 43.1%. Factors influencing the quality of life for those who perceived their bodies as moderate were education level, depression, and subjective health, and their explanatory power was 26.5%. Factors that affected quality of life for those who perceive their bodies as obese were age, weight change for one year, weight control for one year, presence of high blood pressure, BMI, and subjective health, and their explanatory power was 40.9%. The results of this study indicate it is necessary consider the factors influencing each subjective perception to improve individual quality of life.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary variables and the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in middle-aged Korean adults using data from the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Because IR is closely linked with metabolic syndrome, subjects were divided into three groups according to symptoms of metabolic syndrome: the 'Normal group' without any symptoms, the 'Risk group' with one or two symptoms, and the Metabolic syndrome (MetS) group' with three or more symptoms. Subjects between the ages of 30 and 65 years with no prior diagnosis or treatment for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were selected. The number of subjects per group was as follows: 2,085 adults in the Normal group, 3,699 adults in the Risk group, and 1,160 adults in the MetS group. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with modified waist circumference cutoff values (men ${\geq}$ 90 cm, women ${\geq}$ 85 cm). Subjects with HOMA-IR > 2.0 were classified as IR. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated using the following formula: (fasting plasma glucose ${\times}$ fasting plasma insulin)/22.5. Nutrients and food groups intake were obtained from a single 24-hour recall. Subjects with IR in the Normal group were more obese and less physically active than non-IR subjects. In the MetS group, subjects with IR were more obese and had a lower prevalence of smoking and drinking, compared with non-IR subjects. Men with IR in the Normal group had a tendency to consume more oils and sugars than non-IR men, while women with IR in the same group had higher intake of carbohydrate, dietary glycemic index, and dietary glycemic load than non-IR women. Women with IR in the Risk group had lower energy intake but higher intake of oils and sugars than non-IR women. In the MetS group, consumption of fruits was higher in subjects with IR than in non-IR subjects. In conclusion, findings of this study suggest that dietary carbohydrate intake, including glycemic index, may be associated with IR in healthy women. Further research in prospective cohort studies in order to examine the effects of dietary carbohydrate on IR incidence will be necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an abdominal obesity management program on dietary intake, stress index, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in abdominally obese women. The subjects were 195 adult abdominally obese women (WHR ${\geq}$ 0.80) who had been participating in a nutrition education (total of nine times) and dietary habits and life style modification programs (total of six times) for 12 weeks. The abdominal obesity management program focused on the nutrition provided by breakfast, lunch, and dinner, proper dietary habits, and practices to improve life style. The subjects were divided into a WHR decrease group and a WHR increase group according to changes in the WHR. Daily nutrient intake was assessed with a 3-day food record, body measurements and blood vessel age, stress index, and a health index that were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the WHR decrease group. Energy intake increased from 1486.2 kcal to 1541.4 kcal with a significant improvement in nutrient density for animal protein, total fat, animal fat, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, vitamin E, and saturated fatty acids in the WHR decrease group. Additionally, dietary diversity increased significantly in the WHR decrease group compared to that in the WHR increase group. The WHR decrease group showed a significant improvement in the stress and health indices. Changes in WHR were correlated with changes in nutrient intake (animal protein, total fat, animal fat, plant fat, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, and folate) and medical index profiles (stress and indices) adjusted for age, birth status, baseline BMI, and baseline WHR. These results show that an abdominal obesity management program was effective not only for reducing the WHR but also to improve dietary intake and the stress index in abdominally obese women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.168-183
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• 2023

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death not only in Korea but also worldwide. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been extensively investigated, but studies on nutritional intake and eating habits are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the general characteristics, dietary habits, and nutritional status of Korean adults based on their AIP values using data from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: A total number of 3,040 adults in their 20s and 30s were included as study subjects. They were divided into quintiles according to their AIP values. Comparisons were then made among the general information, eating habits, and nutritional intake statuses of the groups. Results: The averages of AIP were different by age, obese status, education, occupation, alcohol drinking frequency, smoking, and exercise in men. As for women, the averages of AIP were different by age, obese status, education, occupation, alcohol drinking frequency, and smoking status. Except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, higher AIP values in men were associated with significant increasing trends in health indicators, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. As for women, as AIP increased, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol showed significant increasing trends except HDL-cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol showed a significant decreasing trend as AIP increased in men and women. In the high AIP group of women, the frequency of breakfast was lower, whereas the frequency of alcohol beverage consumption was higher. Conclusion: Among young adults, the risk of arteriosclerosis was higher in obese, smoking, and non-exercise individuals. More frequent alcohol drink consumption in women is associated with a higher risk of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, weight and lifestyle management are necessary for the prevention of atherosclerosis among young adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.832-838
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of an antifat diet with $\beta$-cyclodextrin on the reduction of body weight, obesity index, body mass index, body fat mass, body circumferences and plasma lipid levels in obese Korean women. After maintaining an antifat diet for 45 days, there were significant reductions in body weight by 4 kg, obesity index by 5%, body mass index by 1 kg/$m^2$ and body fat mass by 7% as absolute values (p<0.05). When expressed as percentages of the decrease, these reductions remained significant at 4%, 13%, 4% and 20%, respectively (p<0.05). In addition, after maintaining this antifat diet for 45 days, there were also significant reductions in arm, waist, hip and thigh circumferences by 3 cm as absolute values when compared to before intake of antifat diet, and these reductions remained significant at 8%, 3.4%, 3% and 5%, respectively (p<0.05) as percentages of the decrease. Furthermore, this antifat diet significantly reduced triacylglyceride by 103 mg/dL, total cholesterol by 50 mg/dL and LDL-C by 50 mg/dL respectively (p<0.05). Thus, the present results demonstrate that $\beta$-cyclodextrin may have benefit as a novel food resource for diets to prevent obesity and control overweight in adult women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.461-472
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Globally, it has been projected that there will be 2 billion overweight and 1 billion obese individuals by 2030. In Korea, the prevalence of adult obesity (BMI > 25) increased from 29.7% in 2009 to 32.4% in 2015. Moreover, childhood obesity, which leads to adulthood obesity, has increasingly become a social problem. The purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific basis for the development of effective models and policies aimed at preventing obesity over a lifetime based on research modeling obesogenic environments. MATERIALS/METHODS: The review focuses on the characteristics of obesity prevalence and trends in 3P analysis (papers, patents, and products) as well as government-funded projects in Korean obesity obesogenic environments over the last 10 years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: As a result of the 3P analysis, studies on obesity risk factors were frequently carried out, according to two data bases RISS (4.9%) and PubMed (24.7%). Since there were only 17% patents related to the mechanism of preventing obesity in 7,951 Korean patents related to obesity, new paradigms of technologies to dominate the global obesity markets are needed. After government-funded projects were analyzed, communication and cooperation in multi-governmental departments were suggested to elucidate the characteristics of Korean obesity. Government should also produce short- and long-term road maps to develop a practical, successful outcome. Although the rate of obesity in Korea is currently lower than in other developed countries according to WHO criteria, without adequate governmental intervention, obesity rates will approach those of the top countries with high incidence rates of obesity within the next 10 years.