• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.726-735
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• 2010

Publications with the data on allometric equation, biomass and productivity of major oak forests in Korea were reviewed. Different allometric equations of major oak species showed site- or speciesspecific dependences. The biomass of major oak forests varied with age, dominant species, and location. Aboveground tree biomass over the different oak species was expressed as a power equation of the stand age. The proportion of tree component (stem, branch and leaf) to total aboveground biomass differed among oak species, however, biomass ranked stem > branch > leaf in general. The leaf biomass allocation over the different oak species was expressed as a power equation of total aboveground biomass while there were no significant patterns of biomass allocation from stem and branch to the aboveground biomass. Tree root biomass continuously increased with the aboveground biomass for the major oak forests. The relationship between the root to shoot ratio and the aboveground tree biomass was expressed by a logarithmic equation for major oak forests in Korea. Thirteen sets of data were used for estimating the net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of oak forests. The mean NPP and NEP across different oak forests was 10.2 and 1.9 Mg C $ha^{-1}year^{-1}$. The results in biomass allocation, NPP and NEP generally make Korean oak forests an important carbon sinks.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2010

This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of mulching materials on the growth of Chinese chive (Allium tuberusum Rottler) and weed control. Chinese chive was grown under five mulching materials, pine leaf, oak leaf, rice straw, rice hull and sawdust, at the Experimental Farm of Chungbuk National University from June 20, 2009 to September 30, 2009. Amaranthus mangostunus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Portuclaca. oleracea, Echinochioa crus-galli var. frumetacea and Setaria viridis were dominant weeds. Both pine and oak leaves were significantly effective mulching materials in terms of weed control indices in both nursery and field. Soil moisture contents were 1.2~3.7% higher in mulching, especially in oak leaf mulching. Mulching with pine leaf significantly increased plant height, sheath length, leaf length, bulb-, root- and leaf-weights and yield of Chinese chive, but there were no significant differences among the other mulching materials although better than those in non-mulching.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.529-541
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• 1996

During the period of December 1992 (winter-spring) and from February 1995 (winter-spring), the leaf processing rates of oak (Quercus serrata) and tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera) tree was investigated in the headwater streams in southeastern part of Korea in conjunction with the distribution pattern of macroinvertebrate fauna. Using two types of bags ($10\times30cm$ with 5 g of dry leaves; open bag with holes, closed bag without holes), decomposition rates of oak and tulip tree by shredder and/or microbiota at a reatively undisturbed 2nd-order stream were compared, Regardless of leaf type, leaves in the open bage decomposed slightly faster than those in the closed bags. In the 1992 experiment, osk leaves decomposed much slower than tulip leaves (after 138 degree days, osk : closed, 0.006% loss/day ; open, 0.008 ; tulip: closed, 0.021 ; open, 0.023; n=2). The of the first experiment using oak leaves in 1995 were similar to those of the first experiment (after 151 degree days, oak: closed, 0.005% loss / day; open, 0.006; n=6). Over 50% of invertebrates from 122 leaf pack samples collected from 12 streams during the winter period of 1994 were identified as shredders (shredder, 56.2; collector, 32.7; scraper, 8.65; predator, 2.45%). Among shredders, Gammarus sp. and Tipula sp. were dominant species in terms of number and biomass (8.2 ind./g, 1.0 ind./g AFDW of leaves). Among many physico-chemical parameters, the width of stream channel was found to be the most influential factor in the distribution of Gammarus and Tipula (Gammarus: r=-0.34, P<0.001;Tipula:r=0.40, P<0.001). Considering the fact that oak is one the dominant riparian vegetation in the southeastern part of korea, the patterns of oak processing and shredder distribution shown in theis study may well represent some of the important characteristics of headwater steams in southeastern Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.587-598
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• 2010

This study was carried out to elucidate the effects of mulching materials on the growth of potato and weed control at the experimental farm of Chungbuk National University from August 9 in 2008 to June 28 in 2009. Tested potato, cv. 'Superior', was grown under the different mulching materials such as pine tree leaf, oak tree leaf, rice straw, rice hull and sawdust, and control(non-mulching). We tested two times with autumn and spring culture season. The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; There was significantly difference in plant height, stem length, leaf length, leaf weight and tuber weight in pine tree leaf mulching treatment in autumn season among the treatments. The dominant weeds were Echinochioa crus-galli var. fadmerntacca and Cyperus amvuricus in autumn culture season, while were Echinochioa crus-galli var. fadmerntacca and Digitaria sanguinalis in spring culture season. The appearance of weeds in all of mulching treatment was significant reduced compared to control. The soil moisture content was the highest in rice hull mulching treatment, and that of mulching treatments was significantly higher than control. The soil temperature of mulching treatments was lower than that of control by from $1.0^{\circ}C$to $2.8^{\circ}C$ in autumn season and from $0.7^{\circ}C$ to $2.3^{\circ}C$ in spring season. The soil temperature was low in the order of pine tree leaf, rice straw, oak tree leaf, rice hull, sawdust, and control.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.478-484
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• 1998

Distribution of polyphenolic compounds in oak tree (Quercus acutissima, three years old) collected from Forest Research Institute located in Kwang Leung, Kyeonggi-do, Korea, was investigated using chromatographic studies. Total 25 polyphenolic fractions were separated from an oak tree, of which 15, 11, 7, 7, and 4 were in leaf, stem, root, bark, and seed, respectively. Catechins are predominant compounds in the polyphenols and some flavonoids were also identified. Distribution of polyphenols was relatively different in each part. Polyphenols in all of the part studied, except leaf where polymer was not detected, were existed as polymeric, oligomeric, and monomeric forms. Relative contents of total polyphenols in Quercus acutissima were the highest in bark, followed by root, leaf, acorn, and stem. Monomeric polyphenols were the predominant compounds present in all of the part of the oak tree.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.36-45
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• 2010

To analyze the relationship between climatic factors (monthly mean temperature and total precipitation) and tree-ring growths of Quercus mongolica Fischer (Mongolian oak) with different topographic sites in Mt. Worak, more than 10 trees were selected from each of seven stands. Two cores from each tree were measured for ring width. After crossdating, each ring-width series was double standardized by fitting first a negative exponential or straight regression line and secondly a 60-year cubic spline. Seven stands were categorized in two groups using cluster analysis for tree-ring index patterns. Cluster I (four stands) was located in higher elevation (550-812 m) with aspects of east, west and northwest, and cluster II (three stands) was located in rather lower election (330-628 m) with aspects of north and northwest. The aspects of two clusters were not significantly different. Response-function analysis showed a significant positive response to March precipitation for both clusters. It indicates that moisture supply during early spring season is important to radial growth because the cambial growths of ring-porous species, such as Mongolian oak, start before leaf growth. Cluster II showed a positive response to the precipitation of middle and late growing season, too.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.575-580
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• 2010

Forest fires in Korea, having forest coverage of 70%, have kept increasing in number and scale since the middle of 1990's. Although deposited fallen leaves in forests such as herbaceous plants, conifers, and broadleaf trees are used as a medium for forest fires, the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of the various species of trees are hardly studied. Oriental oak is the representative broadleaf tree in domestic forests, and pyrolysis and combustion of oriental oak leaf were carried out by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA). The leaf of oriental oak was ignited at $239^{\circ}C$ whereas pyrolysis started at $250^{\circ}C$. The corresponding kinetic parameters including activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined by differential method over the degree of conversions. The values of activation energies for pyrolysis were increased as the conversion increases from 10% to 80%, whereas those of values were decreased during combustion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2000

The feeding preference of cigarette beetles, Lasioderma serricorne F., was tested using various leaf litters. The number of the trapped L. serricome was 45.25$\pm$10.44 at flue-cured leaf tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., 23.50$\pm$6.0 at chinese juniper, Juniperus chinensis L., 1l.75$\pm$4.99 at oak, Qqercus acutissiuma C., and 1l.50$\pm$2.52 at rice-straw, (Oryza. sativa L.). The response of oviposition was 93.20$\pm$26.22 at flue-cured leaf tobacco, 53.60$\pm$11.82 at chinese juniper, 48.20$\pm$20.90 at oriental arborvitae, Thuja orientalis L., 31.80$\pm$18.10 at cherry-tree, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea M., and 29.40$\pm$13.7 at rice-straw. However, the oviposition was respectively low at gingko, Ginkgo biloba L.,(5.40$\pm$2.97), turf grass, Zoysia japonica S., (5.20$\pm$13.7), and oak (3.00$\pm$l.41). The augmentation was maximum at chinese juniper (27.33$\pm$19.44 of emerged adults) followed by Magnolia obovata (8.50$\pm$9.33). Fifty percent of the tested species leaf litters including cherry-tree did not show any augmentation. The adult activities after hibernation were primarily found in May and June at Kwangju and Suwon, and in April at Chungju. The field activity of L. serricome at Suwon was mostly lower than that at other places, except in August at Chungju. The first appearance of L. serricome was observed earlier at Chungju and Kwangju than at Suwon, and the frequency of insect appearance was high in July, August, and September. L. serricome could hibernate by feeding on many kinds of plant leaf litters and it's population could be maintained in the open field in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.183-193
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• 1987

An investigation was performed to draw the decy map of litters on the floors of pine and oak forests in Korea and to reveal the turnover cycles of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in litters. Isodecay constant lines of litter organic matter, which are depended upon the altitude, latitude and orientation, were drawn on the Korean map. The decay constants of organic matter of litters were higher in the broadleaf tree forests than in the needleleaf tree forests, and in the grasslands than in the forests. The amount of mineral nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca and Mg returned annually to soils is higher in the broadleaf tree forests than in the needle leaf tree forests, and highest in the Quercus mongolica forest of the forests.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2004

This study is to analyze the characteristics of typical Korean wood ashes from twelve trees, oak tree needles and pine bark, which are common in the area, and to suggest their applications in ash glaze making. The chemical analysis of the ashes shows that the main component of wood ash is CaO while wood bark ash consists of $SiO_2$, and leaf ash consists of CaO and $SiO_2$. The results of the study are as follows: Ashes made from the wood of Acasia, Popular and Jujube contained relatively high amounts of Fe$_2$ $O_3$ and MgO compared to other tree ashes. The ashes had yellowish green color glaze. From the result of W analysis they presented the highest chroma. Therefore these ashes are good for making transparent glaze. From the result of W analysis Grapevine, pear and oak wood ashes containing the highest amounts of Fe$_2$ $O_3$, MgO, P$_2$O$\_$5/ and MnO presented yellowish green color glaze compared to other ashes are suitable for making opaque glazes because of their showing stable and opacity phenomena. Pine tree, Platanus and Zelkova wood ashes consist of high amounts of CaO and P$_2$O$\_$5/ compared to other tree ashes. So they showed the most vivid and bluish green color glaze among 12 ashes. Therefore, they would make a good celadon glaze. Birch, oak and chestnut tree ashes have high content or MnO which affects on glaze color with small amount. These ashes presented yellowish green color not as much strong as Acacia ash, Poplar ash, Jujube tree ash. These are good for Irabo glaze.