• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.400-415
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to examine the current status of nutritional management at elderly nursing homes. A survey was performed of 83 nursing homes from January 5, 2011 to January 21, 2011 via mail. A total of 34 nursing homes responded to the survey and 149 elderly subjects were analyzed according to the presence of a dietitian. Among the 34 nursing homes, 70.6% had a dietitian on duty. All of the facilities with a dietitian had the dietitian making the meal plan, whereas 70% of the facilities without dietitian served meals planned by a non-professional person. Overall, however, a low proportion of nursing homes implemented dietetic treatments for residents with diseases. For the nutritional assessment of these residents, a mini nutritional assessment (MNA) was performed. MNA scores were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference (CC), ingestion problems, and weight loss during the last 3 months (P<0.001). Among the elderly studied, 5.4% were malnourished, and 36.9% were at risk for malnutrition by MNA score. The results of this survey show that the current management of nutrition at nursing homes is insufficient because the elderly who needed dietetic treatment did not receive proper care. Dietetic management is the most important service in all nursing homes. Therefore, to improve the nutritional status of elderly residents in nursing homes, systematic nutrition management by nutrition experts should be implemented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.676-683
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• 1995

This nutritional survey was conducted from January to March 1994, in order to investigate the nutirtional knowledge, food habits, nutritional attitude, food preferences and nutrient intakes of housewives living in urban area and rural area. The subjects of this survey were 164 urban housewives living in Daegu and Pohang area and 170 rural housewives living in Andong area. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; The subjects had a high level of perceived knowledge(81.2%), that is the knowledge that each subject believed she had, but the accuracy of the knowledge was only 66.3%. Most of the urban housewives belong to "Fair" or "Good" food habit group, while rural housewives belonged to "Fair" or "Poor" food habit group. The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and food habit score was low. And the correlation between nutritional attitude score and food habit score was low, too. Food perferences for kimchi, cooked rice, potato, milk were high in both group. Most of the nutrient intakes of the urban and rural housewives were not significantly different each otehr at p<0.05.ficantly different each otehr at p<0.05.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.245-256
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• 2002

This study was carried out to examine Koreans preference in mushrooms, their nutritional knowledge of mushrooms as a source of Vitamin D, and five characteristics of six dishes consisting of common dishes and mushroom dishes. The data were collected from 2,777 subjects in various age ranges by means of a survey questionnaire. Variables, such as age, gender, diet quality and the degree of interest in diet were significant factors considered in relation to preference of mushrooms. Adults ate mushrooms because of their healthfulness, but this attibute was not a factor among adolescent students. The level of nutritional knowledge was relatively low and the ratio of "do not know" responses was higher than the ratio of "yes" or "no" . Generally, housewives, elementary school children and those who were healthy, ate floods because of health consciousness, and those who preferred mushrooms had better dietary habits. The characteristics of mushroom dishes, both as main and side dishes, had much more correlation with the factors considered for the subjects than the common dishes and one dish meals, respectively. Dietary altitudes, such as mushroom preference, frequency of mushroom intake and level of nutritional knowledge, were strongly correlated with the characteristics of the six dishes. It has been shown that mushroom dishes were recognized as nutritional, rather than delicious.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.600-612
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• 2012

Nutritional researchers world-wide are using large-scale sample survey methods to study nutritional health epidemiology and services utilization in general, non-clinical populations. This article provides a review of important statistical methods and software that apply to descriptive and multivariate analysis of data collected in sample surveys, such as national health and nutrition examination survey. A comparative data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to illustrate analytical procedures and design effects for survey estimates of population statistics, model parameters, and test statistics. This article focused on the following points, method of approach to analyze of the sample survey data, right software tools available to perform these analyses, and correct survey analysis methods important to interpretation of survey data. It addresses the question of approaches to analysis of complex sample survey data. The latest developments in software tools for analysis of complex sample survey data are covered, and empirical examples are presented that illustrate the impact of survey sample design effects on the parameter estimates, test statistics, and significance probabilities (p values) for univariate and multivariate analyses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-74
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• 1992

To evaluate the nutritional status of the children in socioeconomically high apartment com-pound a nutritional survey of 276 children in the YunJung elementary school was undertaken in July of 1990. Yunjung elementary school is situated in Youido-dong Youngdeungpo-ku of Seoul and offers school lunch program The results were as follows : Anthropometric data of subjects showed higher results than the Korean standards : 11.0% of subjects were proven to be overweight and 21.6% belonged to obese group. Mean urinary the RDA's except for intake of was 10.2$\pm$3.7 Total daily energy and nutrient intake exceeded the RDA's except for intake of iron. Carbohydrate provided 57% of total energy intake; protein accounted to for 17 ; fat provided 27% The between meals provided 27.4% of total energy intake. The survey clarified that school lunch largely contributed to the nutritional balance of these children. Family environment and anthropometric data were positively correlated with nutrient intake. The survey emphasizes the urgent need to improve the nutrition education of these children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutritional risk factors, perceptions on nutrition and health, nutritional knowledge, flood habits and their correlation to supplement use in middle-aged and elderly Koreans. A nationwide survey was conducted in the metropolitan areas (6 cities) and middle-sized cities (8 cities) of Korea from October to December, 2000. Subjects were randomly selected based on population, and 2,188 non-institutionalized adults aged over 50, and elderly (male 765, female 1,423) were studied. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire administered in personal interviews. Nutrition and health-related scores of nutritional risk factors, perceptions on nutrition and health, nutritional knowledge, and flood habits were significantly higher in supplement users as compared to non-users. There was a negative correlation between nutritional risk factors and other nutrition and health-related scores on perceptions on nutrition and health, nutritional knowledge, flood habits, and pocket money. Also there was a positive correlation between nutritional risk factors and age. Therefore, these results may provide basic information for proper supplement use by middle-aged and elderly koreans.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.23 no.4 s.32
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• pp.404-415
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• 1990

This study was conducted to analyze the relations among nutritional knowledge, nutrional attitude, eating practice and total nutritional diagnosis and also to find the influencing factors of them. The survey was done during the period from April 1990 to June 1990 and the target population were Ewha Womans University students (freshmen and senior) of whom 1,354 peoples were surveyed. The summarized results are as follows ; 1. For the teaming environment, the percentage of completion on nutritional knowledge course was 28.6% and among them the department of foods and nutrition had the highest score(100.0%) and the next was dept. of medicine (53.4%). 2. To find the relation which the nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, eating practice and the total nutritional diagnosis influence on one another, the multiple correlation analysis was done. The attitude and the practice were highly correlated with total nutritional diagnosis, but the correlation between nutritional knowledge and total nutrional diagnosis was not significant. The correlation between the practice and nutritional knowledge which were positively and significantly correlated with attitude respectively was positive but not significant. 3. The difference which were analyzed by department, grade and completion on knowledge course on the nutritional knowledge, attitude, eating practice were significant (p<0.01) by ANOVA. 4. The significant variables on nutritional diagnosis are the eating practice points, the grade, the knowledge course, the breakfast and the attitude ($r^2=10.3%$) by multiple regression analysis. This study has the limitation that it did not consider the environmental factors of dietary life such as dietary culture, family environment, cultural habit. Therefore important points of these dietary studies are to extend to the practical nutritional education and dietary improvement for the national health not restricted to the local area or local population.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.679-690
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Concerns about regional disparities in heathy eating and nutritional status among South Korean adults are increasing. This study aims to identify the magnitude of regional disparities in diet and nutritional status among Korean adults who completed the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were a nationally representative sample of Korean adults aged 19 years and older from the 2017 KNHANES (n = 6,126). We employed the svy commands in STATA to accommodate the complex survey design. The relative concentration index (RCI), absolute concentration index (ACI) and index of disparity were used to measure regional nutritional inequalities. RESULTS: Overweight and obese adults were more prevalent among the poor than among the rich in urban areas (RCI = -0.041; P < 0.05), while overweight and obese adults were more prevalent among the rich than among the poor in rural areas of South Korea (RCI = 0.084; P < 0.05). Economic inequality in fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 500 g per day was greater in rural areas than in urban areas in both relative size (RCI = 0.228 vs. 0.091, difference in equality = 0.137; P < 0.05) and absolute size (ACI = 0.055 vs. 0.023, difference in equality = 0.032; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides useful information identifying opposite directions in the relative concentration curves between urban and rural areas. Adult overweight/obesity was more prevalent among the poor in urban areas, while adult overweight/obesity was more prevalent among the rich in rural areas. Public health nutrition systems should be implemented to identify nutritional inequalities that should be targeted across regions in South Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.782-793
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is the examination of stress levels and the eating habits that are affected by stress, and the provision of basic nutritional education data for the improvement of the eating habits of students who have experienced stress-related nutritional problems. Using the BEPSI-K instruments, a questionnaire survey was administered to 327 student subjects (166 male and 161 female) in the areas of Seoul and Gangwon province. The subjects were classified into 3 groups (low-stress, medium-stress and high-stress), and 59 students (18%) belonged the high-stress group. The BMI readings of the Gangwon province students are significantly higher than those of the Seoul students. The survey results show that the lunch frequency and vegetable intake levels are lower in the high-stress group, whereas the intakes of hot spicy food is higher in this group; they also show that Gangwon province students had eating habits that are relatively undesirable compared with the Seoul students. There are significant differences between the Seoul students and Gangwon porvince students regarding residence type, household economic level, types of leisure activities and level of some stresses. The Gangwon province students ate occasionally breakfast, lunch and snacks, but their midnight snack consumption is relatively frequent compared with the Seoul students. The results of the survey indicate that the BEPSI-K score has a negative correlation with the following variables : sleeping time, economic level of household, degrees of satisfaction regarding appearance and academic achievements, lunch frequency and vegetable intakes. Desirable eating habits are essential for the maintenance of a favorable health status and for the stress-management of university students who need to be a healthy members of society in the near future. To facilitate the formation of desirable eating habits among university students, community-based nutritional assistance and appropriate nutritional education programs should be considered necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.671-677
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to evaluate nutritional status and dietary intake of vitamin A in 5th and 6th grade primary school children in Chungbuk. Also the relationships between nutritional status and factors relevant to dietary intake of vitamin A were examined. For the study, total 180 children in urban area of Chongju city(37 boys and 40 girls) and rural area of Eumsong gun(56 boys and 47 girls) were recruited. For the assessment of dietary nutrients intake including vitamin A, 1-day, 24-hr recall method was applied. And serum retinol contents were analyzed by HPLC to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A. The average of daily vitamin A intake was 490R.E., 81.8% of RDA. Vitamin A intake of urban was higher than that of rural children(p < 0.001). Of the total dietary vitamin A intake, only 25.8% came from animal retinol, means that children still heavily depend on plant carotenoids as vitamin A floods. The average serum retinol concentration of total 180 children was 37.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml. Serum retinol concentration of urban children was 37.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1, significantly higher than rural children of 35.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1(p < 0.05). According to the biochemical criteria, no one was in critical vitamin A nutritional status. Because of relatively large day-to-day vitamin A intake, 1-day, 24-hr recall method may not be the proper way to assess the usual intake of vitamin A. In conclusion , to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A by dietary survey, it is necessary to develop new survey technique which measure the dietary habit of the people.