• Title/Summary/Keyword: nutritional state

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Nutrigenomics Approach-A Strategy for Identification of Nutrition Responsive Genes Influencing Meat Edible Quality Traits in Swine

  • Yin, Jingdong;Li, Defa
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.605-610
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    • 2009
  • In the last 20 years, meat quality, especially meat edible quality has become a more intriguing topic in the field of swine production. In this paper, we briefly review the progress of meat quality research from the aspects of genetic selection and nutritional modulation, and propose a possible approach -nutrigenomics- to explore the nutrition-responsive major genes that affect meat quality formation during the growing and fattening of pigs.

Production of Red Pigments by Monascus purpureus in Solid-state Culture

  • Lee Bum-Kyu;Piao Hai Yan;Chung Wook-Jin
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 2002
  • To maximize and sustain the productivity of Monascus pigments, various environmental and nutritional parameters, such as the initial moisture content, pH, inoculum size, sample size, and nutrient supplement, that influence pigment production were evaluated in solid-state cultures as follows: initial moisture content, $50\%;$ pH, 6.0; inoculum size $1\;\times\;10^4$ spore cells $(grams\;of\;dry\;solid\;substrate)^{-1};$ sample size, 300 g. All supplementary nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources) added has inhibitory effects on the cell growth and red pigment production. In open tray culture the maximum biomass yield and specific productivity of red pigments were 223 mg DCW $(grams\;of\;initial\;dry\;substrate)^{-1}$ and, $47.6\;OD_{500}\;(DCW\;grams)^{-1}h^h{-1}$ respectively.

Nutritional intake of Korean population before and after adjusting for within-individual variations: 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey Data

  • Kim, Dong-Woo;Shim, Jae-Eun;Paik, Hee-Young;Song, Won-O;Joung, Hyo-Jee
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.266-274
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    • 2011
  • Accurate assessment of nutrient adequacy of a population should be based on usual intake distribution of that population. This study was conducted to adjust usual nutrient intake distributions of a single 24-hour recall in 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Surveys (KNHNS) in order to determine the magnitude of limitations inherent to a single 24-hour recall in assessing nutrient intakes of a population. Of 9,960 individuals who provided one 24-hour recall in 2001 KNHNS, 3,976 subjects provided an additional one-day 24-hour recall in 2002 Korean National Nutrition Survey by Season (KNNSS). To adjust for usual intake distribution, we estimated within-individual variations derived from 2001 KNHNS and 2002 KNNSS using the Iowa State University method. Nutritionally at risk population was assessed in reference to the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The Korean Estimated Average Requirement (Korean EAR) cut-point was applied to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes except for iron intakes, which were assessed using the probability approach. The estimated proportions below Korean EAR for calcium, riboflavin, and iron were 73%, 41%, and 24% from usual intake distribution and 70%, 51%, and 39% from one-day intake distribution, respectively. The estimated proportion of sodium intakes over the Intake Goal of 2,000 mg/day was 100% of the population after adjustment. The energy proportion from protein was within Korean Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (Korean AMDR), whereas that of carbohydrate was higher than the upper limit and that of fat was below the lower limit in the subjects aged 30 years or older. According to these results, the prevalence of nutritional inadequacy and excess intake is over-estimated in Korea unless usual intake distributions are adjusted for one-day intakes of most nutrients.

A Study on the Knowledge-Based T.P.N. System (1) (지식 구조화 경정맥 완전 영양공급 시스템의 개발에 관한 연구 (I))

  • Jeon, Gye-Rok;Choe, Sam-Gil;Byeon, Geon-Sik
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.305-314
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    • 1990
  • In this paper we have implemented and tested TPN which is system to supply sufficent nutrition to nutritionally deficient patient by means of ES (expert system) a kind of A.1 (artificial intelligence) . This system affords to evaluation of nutritional state of patient which is essential to physi- cian. who performs TPN, decision of performing TPN and management of patient-data & calculation of information needing to making TPN fluid. The features were as follolv 1. we input data, take ideal weight of patient and 24hr's creatlnln In urine according to chart in system compare TSF (triceps skin fold), MAC (mid-arm circumference), AMC (arm muscle circumference) to 5th, 15th, 50th percentile and evaluate the nutritional state of patient. 2. Calculation of protein & nonprotein calorie needing to treament of patient can be made exactly by stress factor, activity factor and body temperature. 3. patient's personal recording needing to management of patient date name of chief doc- tor, name of department of admission, chart number, history can by taken very easily. 4. The way of system operating is pull-down Menu one, It can be processing very efficiently. 5. Date processing in system, we can manage memory volume of computer verlr efficiently using of dynamic allocation variables. 6. We can make it very easy to edit & revise the input data, processed data is saved to diskette in 2 files (TDF, THF) , these are semipermanent preservation.

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A Study on Physical Measurement of Officials in Jeonbug Province (전라북도(全羅北道) 공무원(公務員)의 체격(體格)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Sang-Kyu
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.25-29
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    • 1976
  • A study was conducted on 2,210 officials in Jeonbug Province to check out their physical growth, development and nutritional state during the period June 1st 1975 to August 31, 1915. As the results of this study, the following conclusions were reached: 1. Physical measurement a. Body height: The mean body height of male was $166.8{\pm}4.6cm$ and that of female was $156.3{\pm}4.9cm$. The highest value of mean body height was $167.1{\pm}3.9cm$, showing by male of administrative job. The lowest valthe of that was $165.7{\pm}5.2cm$, showing by the male functional job, while the difference of body height was not significant in female. b. Body weight: The mean body weight of male was $61.5{\pm}4.6kg$ and that of female was $51.2{\pm}3.9kg$. The administrative job heavier than functional job of male by type of job, while that of female of functional job heavier than administrative job. c. Chest-girth: The mean chest-girth of male was $90.8{\pm}3.2cm$ and that of female was $83.6{\pm}3.6cm$. 2. Physical growth and developmental state a. The relative body weight was normal in male except the young man under 25 years, while that of female was under the level of standard. b. The relative chest-girth was showed standard values by all age group of officals. c. The Rohrer and Kaup indices were showed standard values except under 19 years officials and 30 to 34 years female officials. 3. Vervaeck index for nutritional status was appeared normal in male but under the values of standard in female.

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Effects of lemon or cinnamon essential oil vapor on physicochemical properties of strawberries during storage

  • Elise Freche;John Gieng;Giselle Pignotti;Salam A. Ibrahim;Helen P. Tran;Dong U. Ahn;Xi Feng
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.549-561
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    • 2023
  • Recently, consumers have gained an interest in natural and minimally processed foods, inciting the food industry to consider using of natural products as preservatives. Strawberries are a widely consumed fruit but are also highly perishable. Therefore, in this study, the physicochemical properties of strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa) were evaluated after a 12-h treatment with lemon essential oil (Citrus×limon) or cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum cassia) vapor during storage at 22℃ for 4 days in an accelerated shelf-life study and 4℃ for 18 days in a validation study. Weight loss was blunted in fruit treated with oil vapor during the first days of storage (p<0.05). Lemon essential oil delayed fruit darkening (p<0.05) but reduced the firmness of strawberries (p<0.05). Strawberries treated with cinnamon essential oil had a higher concentration of reducing sugars (p<0.05), and a decrease of 16.7% visible decay, although the difference was insignificant. Oil vapor treatment did not alter the pH, organic acid content, or soluble solid content during storage compared to the control. Since lemon and cinnamon essential oils have well-documented antimicrobial properties, they may be suitable for the natural preservation of fruit. This study provides new information on using essential oil vapor treatment to preserve fruits, and potentially decrease fruit loss and waste.

Relationship among Plasma Homocysteine, Folate, Vitamin $B_{12}$ and Nutrient Intake and Neurocognitive Function in the Elderly (노인의 혈중 호모시스테인, 엽산, 비타민 $B_{12}$ 수준 및 영양소 섭취 상태와 신경인지기능과의 관련성)

  • Kim, Hee-Jung;Kim, Hye-Sook;Kim, Ki-Nam;Kim, Ggot-Pin;Son, Jung-In;Kim, Seong-Yoon;Chang, Nam-Soo
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.498-506
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    • 2011
  • This study examined the relationship among plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels and neurocognitive function in 118 community-dwelling elderly subjects (mean age, $75.1{\pm}6.7$ years). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC) was used to screen and assess neurocognitive function in the participants. Dietary intake data including the use of dietary supplements were obtained using the 24-hour recall method by well-trained interviewers. Plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and homocysteine was assessed by a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method. The proportions of participants with suboptimal levels of plasma folate (< 3 ng/mL), vitamin $B_{12}$ (< 221 pmol/mL), and homocysteine (> $15{\mu}mol/L$) were 16.1%, 5.9%, and 21.2%, respectively. A multiple regression analysis showed that plasma homocysteine was negatively associated with plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels. The MMSE-KC test scores were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine and folate, but not with vitamin $B_{12}$, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, living with spouse, education, current smoking, energy intake, and chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. A general linear model adjusted for covariates revealed that MMSE-KC test scores increased from the lowest to the highest quartiles of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin $B_{12}$, and vitamin C intake (p for trend = 0.012, 0.039, 0.014, 0.046, 0.026, respectively). These results indicate that the problem of folate inadequacy and hyperhomocysteinemia are highly prevalent among community-dwelling elderly people and that dietary intake of the B vitamins and vitamin C is positively associated with cognitive function scores.

A Study of Premenstrual Syndrome(PMS) and the Nutritional Intake of College Women Residing in Busan Metropolitan City (부산지역 여대생의 월경전 증후군 실태 및 영양섭취상태에 관한 연구)

  • 황혜진;김영만
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.7 no.6
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    • pp.731-740
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    • 2002
  • This study was designed to identify premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to investigate the correlation between premenstrual syndrome and nutritional intakes. The subjects of this study were 138 college women residing in Busan Metropolitan City. The subjects were asked to complete Menstrual Discomfort Questionnaire (MDQ) regarding PMS, food intake frequencies and nutritional intake. We studied the correlation between PMS symptoms and nutritional intake. The average height and weight of anemic subjects were 161.42 $\pm$ 3.50 cm and 51.87 $\pm$ 5.42 kg. The average BMI (body mass index, kg/$m^2$) was 19.92 $\pm$ 2.14 and PIBW (percent ideal body weight) were 93.02 $\pm$ 9.75%. Except for phosphorous, vitamin A and vitamin C intakes, the intake levels of all other nutrients were below the Korean RDA. The average calorie intake of the subjects was 1645.65 $\pm$ 352.63 kcal (82.2% of the Korean RDA) and iron intake of the subject was 11.06 $\pm$4.03 mg (69.1% of the Korean RDA) . The calcium and vitamin $B_6$ intakes were 512.26 $\pm$ 183.12 mg (73.1% of the Korean RDA) and 1.12 $\pm$ 0.14 mg (80.0% of the Korean RDA), respectively. With regard to their menstrual state, 45.9% subjects responded that their menstrual cycles were irregular. The frequency of PMS of the subjects was 30.2% (over 3 points) on 5 point scale (1 : no. 5 severe). The common symptoms of PMS of the subjects were pain (2.32 $\pm$ 1.01), negative effects (2.27 $\pm$ 0.87), behavioral changes (2.26 $\pm$ 0.85), water retention (2.07 $\pm$ 0.78) , arousal (1.79 $\pm$ 0.84) , autonomic reactions (1.77 $\pm$ 0.87) , lack of control (1.69 $\pm$ 0.75) and decreased concentration (1.68 $\pm$ 0.75) . There was significant correlation between all the PMS symptoms and calcium (p < 0.01) , vitamin E (p < 0.05) , carbohydrate (p < 0.05) . This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of nutrient deficiency states especially calcium. Therefore we concluded that calcium supplementation is likely to be of benefit in relieving PMS symptoms.

Zinc in Pancreatic Islet Biology, Insulin Sensitivity, and Diabetes

  • Maret, Wolfgang
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2017
  • About 20 chemical elements are nutritionally essential for humans with defined molecular functions. Several essential and nonessential biometals are either functional nutrients with antidiabetic actions or can be diabetogenic. A key question remains whether changes in the metabolism of biometals and biominerals are a consequence of diabetes or are involved in its etiology. Exploration of the roles of zinc (Zn) in this regard is most revealing because 80 years of scientific discoveries link zinc and diabetes. In pancreatic ${\beta}$- and ${\alpha}$-cells, zinc has specific functions in the biochemistry of insulin and glucagon. When zinc ions are secreted during vesicular exocytosis, they have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles. The membrane protein ZnT8 transports zinc ions into the insulin and glucagon granules. ZnT8 has a risk allele that predisposes the majority of humans to developing diabetes. In target tissues, increased availability of zinc enhances the insulin response by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which controls the phosphorylation state of the insulin receptor and hence downstream signalling. Inherited diseases of zinc metabolism, environmental exposures that interfere with the control of cellular zinc homeostasis, and nutritional or conditioned zinc deficiency influence the pathobiochemistry of diabetes. Accepting the view that zinc is one of the many factors in multiple gene-environment interactions that cause the functional demise of ${\beta}$-cells generates an immense potential for treating and perhaps preventing diabetes. Personalized nutrition, bioactive food, and pharmaceuticals targeting the control of cellular zinc in precision medicine are among the possible interventions.

Nutritional State of Children in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK): Based on the DPRK Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012

  • Kim, Jeong Eun
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.135-139
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    • 2014
  • A nationwide nutrition survey began when the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) requested assistance from international relief organizations in 1997 due to flooding in 1995-1996, followed by the worsening food shortage peak in 1997. According to reported data for the 15 years since the active intervention and assistance from international societies, the malnutrition and mortality rates of children in the DPRK have improved. However, the prevalence of the stunting reported in the latest 2012 report is 27.9%, which is still a moderate-severe level, and worrisome in terms of international standards. In particular, the prevalence in Ryangangdo, which is regarded as the worst region in the DPRK, is 39.6%, which is a very high level of stunting. To alleviate such regional deviation will be a major task for future assistance. In addition, one cannot emphasize too highly the importance of early nutritional assistance for pregnant women and infants, considering that the recovery from stunted growth is low after two years of age, and the aftereffects would continue for the rest of their lives.