• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the iron nutritional status by investigating dietary intake and analyzing the hematological iron status indices including serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) in 8 to 28 month old infants md young children taking supplementary foods. The nutrient intake of 60 healthy infants and young children from 8 to 24 months of age was investigated by means of a 24-hour recall method, and the subjects were divided into 2 groups (8- 12 months and 13-28 months) according to age. Venous blood samples from these groups were collected and measured for the following : hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct) , mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and sTfR. Anemia is defined as hemoglobin < 11g /dl , serum ferritin level < 10ng1m1 for iron deficiency , serum transferring receptor(sTfR) > 4.5mg / 1 for iron deficient erythropoiesis. Total daily calorie intake was 934.6 ${\pm}$ 284.5kcal (98.32% of RDA) on average. Average daily iron intake in infants aged 8 to 12 months was 8.92 ${\pm}$ 3.32mg. The mean daily iron intake in infants aged 13 to 28 months was 7.15 ${\pm}$ 3.35mg (90% of Recommended Dietary Allowance, RDA). Mean values for Hb, Hct sew ferritin and sTfR were 12.10 ${\pm}$ 0.77g141,36.02 ${\pm}$ 2.31%,20.91 ${\pm}$ 11.58ng/m1 and 3.78 ${\pm}$ 1.47mg /1, respectively. In the young children from 13 to 28 months of age, the prevalence of anemia was 5.6%. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 9.5% in those from 8 to 12 months of age, and 27.8% in those from 13 to 28 months of age. The prevalence of iron deficient erythropoiesis was 16.7% in infants aged 8 to 12 months and 44.4% in those aged 13 to 28 months. The prevalence of both serum ferritin level < 10ng/m1 sTfR > 4.5mg/1 was 22% in the young children aged 13 to 28 months. The measureand ment of sTfR may be a promising new tool in diagnosis of iron deficiency in early childhood when the iron deficiency is prevalent. It seems appropriate to emphasize nutritional education and evaluation to promote the iron nutritional status of infants and young children.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 1973

The optimum time for nutritional diagnosis of the field-grown rice plant by total plant analysis, and the relationship between maximum or minimum nutrient content at various growth stages and corresponding yield and between maximum or minimum yield and corresponding nutrient content were as follows. 1. The percentage occurence of the minimum nutrient content in straw or grain of minus nutrient plot was in the order of 20 days after transplanting (20)>maximum tillering (MT)>harvested straw (HS)> earformation (EF)>straw at flowering (FS)>harvested grain (HG)>ear at flowering (FE) for nitrogen, MT>EF>HS>20=FS>FE>HG for phosphorus and MT>EF>20>FS>HG>FE for potassium. 2. The time when the occurece of minimum nutrient content in minus plot is highest was considered as the optimum time for nutritional diagnosis of root zone. It was 20 days after transplanting in N and maximum tillering stage in P and K. 3. The highest relative difference($100{\times}(L-H)/H$), between maximum (H)and minimum(L) nutrient content appeared in harvested straw for N and P while in harvested grain for K and Si, suggesting the close relation to their translocation from straw to grain. 4. The corresponding yield of maximum nutrient content was higher than that of minimum content at all growth stages in N, at all stages except MT and EF in P, at 20 days after trans planting and harvest in K, but it was always lower in Si, thus the contribution of nutrient content to yield will be in the order of N>P>K>Si. 5. The highest relative difference ($100{\times}(L-H)/H$, where H and L stand for yields) between yields corresponding to maximum and minimum nutrient content appeared at 20 days after transplanting for N. P. K, indicating the time of the closest relation between yield and nutrient content. 6. The highest difference (H-L, where H and L stand for nutrient content) between N. P. K contents corresponding to maximum or minimum yields came at 20 days after transplanting. The contents of N. P. K corresponding to the maximum total dry matter yield were lower than those corresponding the maximum grain yield at this stage. These facts support the closest relation between yield and nutrient content at this time. 7. The highest yield among yields corresponding to maximum nutrient contents occured at 20 days after transplanting in N. P. K but the lowest yield among yields corresponding to minimum nutrient contents appeared at the same stage only in nitrogen. 8. From the above facts the optimum time for diagnosis of nutrient around root zone seems different from that for diagnosis of nutritional status in relation to grain yield.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.60 no.12
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 2017

Feeding is an interaction between a child and caregiver, and feeding difficulty is an umbrella term encompassing all feeding problems, regardless of etiology, severity, or consequences, while feeding disorder refers to an inability or refusal to eat sufficient quantities or variety of food to maintain adequate nutritional status, leading to substantial consequences, including malnutrition, impaired growth, and possible neurocognitive dysfunction. There are 6 representative feeding disorder subtypes in young children: infantile anorexia, sensory food aversion, reciprocity, posttraumatic type, state regulation, and feeding disorders associated with concurrent medical conditions. Most feeding difficulties are nonorganic and without any underlying medical condition, but organic causes should also be excluded from the beginning, through thorough history taking and physical examination, based on red-flag symptoms and signs. Age-appropriate feeding principles may support effective treatment of feeding difficulties in practice, and systematic approaches for feeding difficulties in young children, based on each subtype, may be beneficial.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.61 no.11
• /
• pp.339-347
• /
• 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by abrupt deterioration of renal function, and its diagnosis relies on creatinine measurements and urine output. AKI is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, and is a risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease. There is no proven medication for AKI. Therefore, prevention and early detection are important. Physicians should be aware of the risk factors for AKI and should monitor renal function in high-risk patients. Management of AKI includes optimization of volume status and renal perfusion, avoidance of nephrotoxic agents, and sufficient nutritional support. Continuous renal replacement therapy is widely available for critically ill children, and this review provides basic information regarding this therapy. Long-term follow-up of patients with AKI for renal function, blood pressure, and proteinuria is recommended.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.798-800
• /
• 1994

Chyloascities is an extravasation of milky chyle into the peritoneal cavity due to tumor , inflammation or rarely postoperative lymphatic trauma.It is an unusual complication that can lead to significant immunologic and nutritional consequences.We experienced one case of chyloascites after aorto-bifemoral bypass graft in a patient with aorto-iliac occlusive disease.The patient was a 62-year-old male, who suffered from severe progressive claudication for 5 months. A 16$\times$ 8mm gelsealed Dacron-Y shaped graft was used in arterial reconstruction. A bloody-milky fluid was drained through the operative wound from 3days after operation and evaluated biochemically.Diagnosis of chyloascites was made with repeated paracentesis and examination of the fluid.After Total parenteral nutrition[T.P.N] for 3 weeks from 6days after operation, chyloascites was controlled sufficiently and maintained a good graft-patency in abdominal sonogram.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill children, and is associated with increased mortality and long-term renal sequelae. The definition of pediatric AKI was standardized based on elevation in serum creatinine levels or decrease in urine output; accordingly, epidemiological studies have ensued. Although new biomarkers appear to detect AKI earlier and predict prognosis more accurately than traditional markers, they are not frequently used in clinical setting. There is no validated pharmacological intervention for AKI, so prevention and early detection are the mainstays of treatment. For high risk or early stage AKI patients, optimization of volume status and blood pressure, avoidance of nephrotoxins, and sufficient nutritional support are necessary, and have been demonstrated to be effective in preventing the occurrence of AKI and improving prognosis. Nevertheless, renal replacement therapy is needed when conservative care fails.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.328-335
• /
• 1984

As the typical farming of the most Asian countries are of small and subsisting scale, the infrastructure is variable depending on the region and more complicated than in the industrialized countries. Except such basic statistics as acreage of farm land, farming population and production, there are no common standard methods to be used for indepth analysis on the farming status, the level of farming techniques, financial status of farming, consciousness of farmers and others. Therefore, it is necessary to develop survey models which can be commonly used to compare with different circumstances. The purpose of this report is to provide examples of survey models which are used to measure farming performances in Korea. Those are (1) Diagnosis and analysis on farming technique, labor utilization and farm income, (2) Management performance analysis, (3) Planning for farming, (4) Survey on the nutritional status of farming, (5) Survey on rural village status and planning regional agricultural development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.4609-4614
• /
• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of copper reduction on angiogenesis-related factors in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated by gamma knife radiosurgery. Materials and Methods: In the present block randomized, placebo-controlled trial, fifty eligible patients with a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme who were candidates for gamma knife radiosurgery were randomly assigned into two groups to receive daily either 1gr penicillamine and a low copper diet or placebo for three months. The intervention started on the same day as gamma knife radiosurgery. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and copper levels were measured at baseline and after the intervention. The serum copper level was used as the final index of compliance with the diet. In order to control probable side effects of intervention, laboratory tests were conducted at the beginning, middle and end of the study. Results: The patients had a mean age and Karnofsky Performance Scale of 43.7 years and 75 respectively. Mean serum copper levels were significantly reduced in intervention group. Mean survival time was 18.5 months in intervention group vs. 14.9 in placebo group. VEGF and IL-6 levels in the intervention group were also significantly reduced compared to the placebo group and $TNF-{\alpha}$ increased less. Conclusions: It seems that reducing the level of copper in the diet and dosing with penicillamine leads to decline of angiogenesis-related factors such as VEGF, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Approaches targeting angiogenesis may improve survival and can be used as a future therapeutic strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.1177-1184
• /
• 2000

본 연구는 영양분야의 전문 웹사이트로서 인터넷 상에서 이용할 수 있는 영양평가 시스템을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 프로그램의 구성은 표준체중 및 열량필요량 자료, 식품 및 음식의 영양소 함량, 영양소별 20순위 식품, 식사섭취자료, 한국인 영양권장량 자료 등을 데이터베이스로 하여 사용자의 신체계측치와 활동정도에 따른 비만도 및 열량필요량의 분석과 섭취한 음식에 대하여 영양섭취상태를 평가받고 영양소별 함유량이 높은 식품과 음식에 대한 열량 및 영양소의 정보를 제공받을 수 있도록 웹 페이지 형식으로 만들어졌으며, 사용자는 인터넷 사이트로 들어가 자신의 이름, 성별, 나이, 키, 체중 및 활동정도를 입력함으로서 자신의 체중범위, 표준체중, 체격지수, 비만도, 기초대사량, 1일 열량필요량 및 이들의 섭취열량과의 과부족을 비교 평가한 자료를 얻을수 있으며, 만약 사용자가 비만이라면 체중을 감소하기 위한 1일 열량필요량도 얻을 수 있다. 또한 사용자는 음식입력 항목을 선택하여 날짜별, 식사별로 자신이 하루동안 섭취한 음식 및 섭취량 등을 입력하고 영양섭취상태를 클릭하면 식사섭취상태의 진단과 평가를 받을 수 있다. 즉 열량과 각 영양소에 대한 하루의 섭취량 및 아침, 점심, 저녁 및 간식의 섭취량이 분석되어지며 이들중 권장량이 정해진 영양소는 다시 사용자의 섭취량에 대한 권장량광의 비율을 그래프로 나타냄으로서 섭취된 영양소의 과부족을 쉽게 평가받을 수 있다. 지방질 역시 구성지방산과 콜레스테롤의 섭취 상태가 분석되어 이들의 표준섭취비율과 비교해 제시됨으로서 그릇된 섭취형태를 평가받을 수 있다. 이 밖에 식사별 열량영양소 구성비가 표준섭취비율과 비교 평가되어 그래프로 나타나며 급원식품에 대한 영양소 정보를 줄 수 있는 식품군별 영양소 섭취상태와 동식물성 식품 섭취상태도 평가되어진다. 따라서 본 프로그램은 인터넷을 이용하여 누구라도 자신의 영양섭취상태를 평가받고 과부족이 되기 쉬운 영양소의 급원 식품과 음식에 대한 영양정보도 제공받을 수 있도록 할 뿐 아니라 식이요법을 필요로 하는 질환의 영양상담을 위한 기본 프로그램으로 활용될 수 있도록 하는데 그 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.35-49
• /
• 1986

Recipients are an integral part of embryo transfer and they are expensive to maintain as a good recipient. Recipient management is one of the most important components in a successful embryo transfer program. Management includes selection and subsequent care of the animals. A good recipient is basically on "open" cows or heffers whose reproductive tract is capable of receiving one or two embryos and incubating it to term. Potential recipients should be always be healthy and cycling normally ranging from 18 to 23 days. A thorough veterinary examination is recommended for candidate of recipients and cattle for questionable health should be eliminated from the recipient herd. Age and size of recipients are particularly important considerations when heifers are used, because of most embryos available for transfer are from large dams and sires. Body condition can influence a recipient's production, reproduction and health. Obese and underconditioned cattle should be avoided for use. Transfer of fresh embryos especially requires precise synchronization of donors and recipients. For estrus synchronization, PGF$_2$$\alpha$ is injected twice 10 to 12 days apart and short4erm progestagen treatment is applied to potential recipient cattle by coil into vagina (PRID) or ear implant (Synchro-Mate-B). The highest pregnancy results are achieved in recipients at exact synchrony with donors or 12 to 24 hr earlier than donors. Estrus detection is a major factor in breeding efficiency. High accuracy can be achieved by use of heat mount detection alds or by obserbing cattle for 30-minute peroids 3 times daily. Assay progesterone in milk can be used to discrIminate between pregnant and nonprenant recipients. Rectal palpation on day 35 to 70 after is an accurate and safe method of pregnancy diagnosis. Embryonic mortality in recipients may be associated with factors such as high environmental temperature and nutritional or lactational stress in early lactation period. Achievement of short calving interval requires concentrated management activity during the first 90 days following calving. Acceptable candidate for a recipient should be routinely vaccinated for infectious diseases. Proper nutritional programs according to NRC requirements and body condition scoring system for recipient cattles are vital to the ultimate success of an embryo transfer program.r program.