• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate changes in plasma lipid concentrations and appetite-regulating hormone levels after a 4% body fat reduction using a 9-week intervention involving aerobic exercise, a fat-oxidizing agent, and diet limitation. After the 9-week intervention, the aerobic exercise plus hydroxycitric acid (EX+HCA), exercise (EX), and diet limitation (DIET) groups achieved the target 4% body fat reduction from the baseline value. None of the plasma lipid indicators showed significant intergroup differences, indicating that plasma lipid levels are not influenced by body weight regulation. With regard to appetite-regulating hormones, no significant intergroup differences were observed in glucose, insulin, or glucagon-like peptide-1 levels, unlike ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin levels in particular tended to decrease in the DIET group and increase in the HCA+EX and EX groups. Leptin levels significantly decreased in the HCA+EX and EX groups, whereas no differences were observed in the DIET group. Such results indicate that exercise alone without the administration of obesity diet supplements induces elevation in ghrelin levels and reduction in leptin levels, but that diet restriction alone does not influence changes in leptin levels. Taken together, we could not confirm any synergic effects arising from the use of a fat-oxidizing agent during an exercise program to control body weight. Furthermore, diet limitation unsupported by exercise had no effect on muscle mass reduction or appetite-regulating hormone levels; thus, it is not recommended as an effective body weight control method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.511-524
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of increased physical activity (PA) regarding health-related quality of life (QOL) and nutrition intake in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The research was quasi-experimental using pre-test and posttest design. The participants were 60 patients, 30 each in the experimental and control group. The program was up to eight weeks long and involved two kinds of aerobic exercises: intradialytic aerobic exercise to be performed thrice a week and walking for up to seven days a week. The 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease underwent assessment of International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), 24-hour diet recall and a 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12; physical component summary score(PCS) and mental component summary score(MCS)) before and after the exercise program. Nutrition intake was assessed using CAN-2.0. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, 𝑥2 test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: In the experimental group, PA post-test scores were also significantly higher than the pre-test scores and the levels of physical component summary score (PCS) in QOL were significantly improved post-test, but the scores on nutrient intake did not improve. The levels of PCS were significant correlations animal protein, manganese, selenium, and Vitamin C. Although there was no group effect, total calorie of nutrition intake was higher than the comparison group. Conclusion: Combined intradialytic exercise and walking was found to be effective on PA, and PCS in QOL. Therefore, the findings of the current study may provide an appropriate guidance for encouraging exercise by hemodialysis patient.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1089-1103
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing a health-promoting lifestyle among highly educated, married women with or without work outside the home. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study. Subjects were 250 married, unemployed women and 236 married women employed as teachers. Women who have not graduated college, work only part-time or have no current spouse were excluded. The instruments used were the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, et al., 1987) and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (Backe, et al., 1982), The HPLP scores of the employed, married women were significantly lower than those for unemployed respondents. for both groups of respondents, the self-actualization subscale was the highest score and the exercise subscale was the lowest score. The HPLP indicated that exercise is a very weak area. Thus, an increase in exercise time and frequency, especially for highly educated, married women, is suggested. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a health-promoting lifestyle of unemployed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, depression and satisfaction of role allotment. On the other hand, a health-promoting lifestyle of employed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, stress, self-perceived economic status, coffee consumption, husband's help, and maid's help. That is, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less depression and more satisfaction of role allotment, unemployed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. Also, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less stress, better self-perceived economic status, less coffee consumption, more husband's help and more maid's help, employed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. The results indicate that sports activity and leisure-time activity were the first and the second determinants of health-promoting lifestyle respectively. Therefore, an exercise-centered health-promoting program for highly educated, married women is suggested in the community or workplace. Especially, the program should be designed to be easily approachable for highly educated, employed married women who have more of a role burden compared to unemployed women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2002

Purpose: This study is aimed at testing the effect of health promotion program on health promoting behavior and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged women. Method: The research design was the nonequivalent control group pre-post test. Twelve middle-aged women were the experimental group and ten were the control group. The 8-week health promotion program was given to the experimental group. There were health promotion theories, flexibility and muscle strength exercise, cardiopulmonary endurance exercise, nutrition, stress management, cancer prevention and early detection, management of menopause and wrap-up in health promotion program for middle-aged women. The measurement tool was Health Promoting Behavior developed by researcher using serum cholesterol, obesity rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure as cardiovascular risk factors. Result: The experimental group showed a higher score of health promoting behavior than the control group. There were no differences on cardiovascular risk factors(cholesterol, obesity rate, diastolic blood pressure) between the experimental and control groups except systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Conclusively, this health promotion program for middle-aged women was effective in increasing health promotion behaviors, but wasn't effective in decreasing cardiovascular risk factors except the systolic blood pressure. It seems it's necessary to re-study this using more samples and a longer duration of the program, and smaller mortality rate.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.103-117
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of behavior medication and aerobic exercise on the degree of obesity, eating behavior, depression and self esteem among adolescent girls who were overweight and obese. Forty seven subjects were selected from one girl's middle school located in Seoul. Seventeen girls received the behavior modification program by joining 60-90 minute group session weekly. Behavior modification, in this study, consisted of self-monitoring, changing patterns of life style and attitudes, teaching nutrition and physical activities, and asking personal help. The aerobic exercise program was given to 16 girls 3 times per week with 60 minutes each time. Forteen girls received both behavior modification and aerobic exercise. These interventions continued for 8 weeks. Changes after intervention were examined twice after 4 weeks and 8 weeks for degree of obesity and once after 8 weeks only for eating behavior, depression and self esteem. The results were as follows ; 1. Degree of obesity was significantly decreased after 4 weeks and 8 weeks in 3 groups. Degree of obesity after 4 weeks and 8 weeks were not significantly different among 3 groups. 2. The mean score of eating behavior related to obesity decresed significantly after intervention in the behavior modification group only. There was significant difference in eating behavior among 3 groups after intervention. 3. The behavior modification group showed no significant changes in depression and self esteem after intervention. In the aerobic exercise group and group who participated in both behavior modification and aerobic exercise, the level of depression decreased significantly and the level of self esteem increased significantly. There were no significant differences in the level of depression and self esteem among 3 groups after intervention. These findings indicate that behavior modification might be effective in decreasing degree of obesity and eating behavior related to obesity, aerobic exercise be effective in decreasing degree of obesity and the level of depression, and also in increasing the level of self esteem.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.134-145
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender related factors that influence regular exercise adherence in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: This secondary analysis study used data from the 2013~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Three hundred and eighty patients over 20 years of age and having coronary artery disease were selected for this study. Measures included questions about regular exercise, general characteristics, health behaviors, and health status. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Rao-Scott $x^2$ statistic, and multiple logistic regression analysis with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results were as follows. Men did more regular exercise than women (58.8% vs 40.1%). The multivariate-adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) for regular exercise adherence in men were 2.93 (95% CI: 1.39~6.17) for non smokers and 3.06 (95% CI: 1.53~6.13) for men with 0 to 1 comorbidities. Women had a high odds ratios of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.18~0.82) for not using alcohol and 2.10 (95% CI: 1.03~4.29) for no back pain. Conclusion: To improve regular exercise adherence in patients with coronary artery disease, it is necessary to develop different approaches considering gender.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome is known as a factor that increases the incidence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In particular, the metabolic syndrome among a middle-aged population is rapidly increasing from 15.6% to 31.9%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle strength exercise on the metabolic syndrome in middle aged. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis using National Health and Nutrition Survey 8th, including 2,739 middle aged people (40~64 years old). We used multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: There were 772 patients in the group with metabolic syndrome and 1,967 patients in the non-metabolic syndrome group. The risk of metabolic syndrome was 1.29 times higher in those who did not do muscle strength exercise than those who did exercise (OR=1.29, 95% CI=1.01~1.66). Conclusion: We have found that muscle strength exercise was effective in lowering the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in middle aged. Thus, it is necessary to develop practical muscle strength exercise and education programs.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2021

This study was conducted with the elderly who used a senior welfare center to help their health improvement. After the status of body composition, senior fitness, life habits, and nutrition levels in the elderly were investigated, a wellness health improvement program was conducted for 12 weeks. Effects before and after the program were examined. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. For the changes of body composition by age associated with sex, while elderly men had a significant difference in BMI, elderly women had a significant difference in B.M.I and body fat percentage. 2. For the changes of senior fitness by age associated with sex, while elderly men had a significant difference in lower body muscle, upper body muscle, upper body flexibility, and transformed general endurance, elderly women had a significant difference in lower body muscle and upper body muscle. 3. For the changes of life habits and nutrition levels by age associated with sex, while elderly men had a significant difference in diet habits and exercise habits, elderly women had a significant difference in exercise habits, stress relief habits, and total nutrition level. Based on the findings, the elderly's participation in the wellness improvement program can enhance lower body muscle which is a risk factor of daily activities and fall and increase upper body muscle which is good to carry and move everyday objects. In addition, it may play a positive role in improving diet habits and changing stress relief and exercise habits, resulting in better health and quality of life of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to regular walking exercise in the elderly using KNHNES data. Method: The study subjects, a total of 1437 adults over age 65, were classified into two groups based on their type of walking exercise: regular walking exercise group or irregular walking exercise group. The study variables were measured using scale physiological function, mental health status, chronic disease and quality of life. Results: The data was analyzed by $x^2$-test, t-test, and logistic regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. The factors related to regular walking exercise were male (OR=0.628, 95%CI=0.503-0.783), subjective health state (OR=0.832, 95%CI=0.751-0.921), thoughts of suicide (OR=0.753, 95%CI=0.586-0.967), hypoHDL-cholesterolemia (OR=0.742, 95%CI=0.591-0.930), and stroke (OR=0.604, 95%CI=0.366-0.997). Conclusion: The findings indicate that regular walking exercise in the elderly is related to physiological function, mental health status, and chronic disease. Therefore, providing for the education and awareness of health promotion for the elderly will may improve the quality of life in old age.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.389-401
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the actual condition and influencing factors of being underweight among older adults in the community based on a survey of national older Korean's data in 2020. Methods: The data from 9,555 older adults in the community were used for analysis. Composite sample analysis was performed with integrated weights applied to the raw data. A Rao Scott-test and logistic regression were performed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Results: Underweight older adults in the community were found to have significant differences in age, subjective health status, depression, chronic disease, drinking, exercise, nutrition, chewing, and activities of daily living (ADL). The factors affecting the underweight older adults were age, subjective health status, depression, chronic disease, drinking, exercise, nutrition, chewing, and activities of daily living. Conclusion: A customized program is needed for underweight older adults in the community. In addition, attempts should be made to motivate older adults in the community to continue to participate in the program.