• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.125-137
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to improve the interest of food and nutrition area in Technology Home Economics subject as well as food safety and choice. For that, we developed new teaching-learning plan by using reading education method and applied to the 9th grade students in Buchun, Kyunggi-do. Experimental and control groups were selected based on their test score in nutrition section. Control and experimental groups were educated by general lecture or reading education method for 4 weeks and the effect of different educational methods was tested. The results of study as follow: First, teaching-learning plan by using reading education method has been developed. To apply reading education method, we developed reading record cards which could help students to understand the terminology and nutritional problems. In addition, students had time to discuss about food safety and choice after reading education which could improve the interest in Technology Home Economics subject and communication skills. Second, after applying the developed lesson plan, the results showed that reading education method improved the interest and attitude about Technology Home Economics subject and teacher, and food choice attitude. However, reading education method had no effect on the interest on reading book about food and nutrition, and These results suggested that reading education method improved the interest and recognition about Technology Home Economics subject and teacher and food choice attitude. Therefore, to establish the proper dietary behavior in junior high school students, we need to develop and apply diversity of teaching-learning plan by using reading educational method.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.537-549
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine blood pressure and other characteristics of a high sodium intake group assessed with 24-hr urine analysis and the dietary factors related to the risk of high sodium intake among Korean adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with adults aged 20-59 years. Subjects who completed 24-hr urine collection (N = 205) were divided into 3 groups (tertile) according to the sodium intake estimated with 24-hour urine analysis. We compared the blood pressure, BMI and dietary related factors of the 3 groups (low, medium, high sodium intake group) with General Linear Model (GLM) and Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05). The risk factors related to high sodium intake were assessed with odds ratio (p < 0.05). Results: The sodium intake (mg/day) of the 3 groups were $3359.8{\pm}627.9$, $4900.3{\pm}395.1$ and $6770.6{\pm}873.9$, respectively, corresponding to daily salt intake (g/day) 8.5, 12.4 and 17.2, respectively. High sodium group showed significantly elevated age, BMI and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Being male gender was associated with significantly increased risk of sodium intake (OR = 1.972; 95%CI: 1.083-3.593). The other factors related to high sodium intake were higher BMI (${\leq}25$) (OR = 2.619; 95% CI: 1.368-5.015), current alcohol consumption (OR = 1.943; 95%CI: 1.060-3.564), and having salty soybean paste with salt percentage > 14% (OR = 3.99; 95% CI: 1.404-6.841). The dietary attitude related to increased risk of high sodium intake included 'enjoy dried fish and salted mackerel' (p < 0.001) and 'eat all broth of soup, stew or noodle' (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Because high sodium intake was associated with higher blood pressure, nutrition education should focus on alcohol consumption, emphasis on related dietary factors such as using low salt soybean paste, improvements in the habit of eating dried fish and salted mackerel or eating all broth of soup, stew or noodle.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.873-883
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• 2008

In this study, we assessed consumers' recognition of frozen foods via a survey study, and monitored the contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria and Escherichia coli in imported and domestic frozen seafoods obtained from five whole sale markets in Seoul. A questionnaire used to assess the perception of frozen food safety and the attitude towards frozen food usage was developed and distributed to 350 adults. A total of 324 questionnaires were subjected to frequency analysis and a chi-square test, using SPSS for Windows. The results of our survey study demonstrated that 44.6% of the respondent consumed frozen processed foods two to three times per month, with dumplings being the most frequently purchased. 70.5% of the respondents selected "convenient cooking" as the principal reason for their frozen food purchases. 58% of the respondents believed that frozen processed food is not safe to eat as the result of food additives and changes in quality during the shelf life period. Consumers most profoundly preferred frozen seafood originating from America, and preferred that from China least profoundly (81.2%). Microbiological analyses demonstrated that the aerobic plate counts of frozen seafood, regardless of origin, fulfill the standard requirements except for one frozen clam (6.6 Log CFU/g), which was a heated-frozen domestic product. In addition, E. coli was isolated from frozen cooked mussels, frozen raw clams and squids, thus indicating that more strict hygienic regulation for frozen seafoods will be necessary to protect the consumer in both domestic and foreign markets.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to compare weight control behaviors, eating disorder risk, and depression in female adolescents according to dieting experience during the last year. The subjects were 707 students attending a girls' high school in Seoul, and all the information was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Eating disorder risk and depression were determined by using EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26) and PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), respectively. Data were compared between subjects with experience of dieting (320) and those without (387). More of the subjects with dieting experience were unsatisfied with their own body weights (76.9% vs. 44.2%, P<0.01) and weighed themselves frequently (P<0.01) compared to those without diet experience. EAT-26 ($11.63{\pm}8.3$ vs. $5.99{\pm}4.7$, P<0.01) and PHQ-9 scores ($7.05{\pm}4.6$ vs. $6.00{\pm}4.4$, P<0.01) were higher in subjects with dieting experience compared to their counterparts. Therefore, we concluded that dieting is associated with several undesirable psychological aspects such as eating disorder risk and depression in adolescent girls, and thus providing proper education is urgently needed to emphasizing importance of healthy weight and the danger of unnecessary dieting.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.765-774
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide informative statistics which can be used for effective Diabetes Management Programs. We collected and analyzed the data of 666 diabetic people who had participated in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2007 and 2008. Group classification on management behavior of Diabetic Mellitus is based on the K-means clustering method. The Decision Tree method and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to study factors of the management behavior of Diabetic Mellitus. Diabetic people were largely classified into three categories: Health Behavior Program Group, Focused Management Program Group, and Complication Test Program Group. First, Health Behavior Program Group means that even though drug therapy and complication test are being well performed, people should still need to improve their health behavior such as exercising regularly and avoid drinking and smoking. Second, Focused Management Program Group means that they show an uncooperative attitude about treatment and complication test and also take a passive action to improve their health behavior. Third, Complication Test Program Group means that they take a positive attitude about treatment and improving their health behavior but they pay no attention to complication test to detect acute and chronic disease early. The main factor for group classification was to prove whether they have hyperlipidemia or not. This varied widely with an individual's gender, income, age, occupation, and self rated health. To improve the rate of diabetic management, specialized diabetic management programs should be applied depending on each group's character.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2005

To examine the eating attitudes, weight concerns, dietary intake, and menstrual function of Korean female elite athletes, 109 subjects in seven sports disciplines (rhythmic gymnastics, synchronized swimming, badminton, volleyball, Taekwondo, field hockey, and soccer) responded to a questionnaire consisted of three parts; eating attitudes and behavior(Eating Attitude Test-26; EAT26), body weight perception (Body Dissatisfaction Index: BDI) and weight control behavior, and menstrual history and status. They also recorded three-day dietary intake. Body weight (43.6$\pm$4.3 kg) and body mass index (16.7$\pm$1.4 kg/$m^2$) in rhythmic gymnasts were lower than those in other athletes (P<0.05). EAT26 scores were not different among sport events (12.3$\pm$6.5 total), however, eating disturbances (EAT26 score$\geq$20) were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes ($30\%$) than in others ($5\%$). More than half of the athletes perceived themselves overweight and four fifth of the athletes desired to reduce weight about 4.4 kg. The gymnasts consumed the lowest caloric intake (1028:t371) while the volleyball players did the highest (2995$\pm$342 kcal/d) (P<0.05). The BDI score was not different among sport events. Three fourth of the athletes experienced weight control, and the most frequently used weight reduction method was exercise followed by using robber suits, diet, and sauna. About $40\%$ of the subjects reported irregular menstrual cycles, but menstrual dysfunction ($\leq$6 menses/yr) was only $5\%$. Generally, the Korean female elite athletes desired to reduce weight from their current body weight. No differences in eating attitude and body dissatisfaction were noticed among athletic disciplines. However, eating disturbances were highly prevalent in aesthetic athletes who also reported much less energy intake than the recommend daily energy intake. It appeared that weight reduction methods were not properly practiced in these population. Menstrual dysfunction was minimally reported.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-105
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• 2007

This study was carried out to find the relationship between the eating disorder associated with BMI(body mass index) and nutrition knowledge by surveying 476 middle school girl students in Won Ju, Gang-Won Province, South Korea. BMI is a standard suggested for oriental people and it was differentiated into the underweight, the normal weight and the overweight. To determine the eating disorder, EAT-26(Eating Attitude Test-26) was used and in order to find out the level of nutrition knowledge DGE (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Ernahrung) was used after some modifications and supplementations. And the results are as follows; 1) Out of the students surveyed, 22% are in underweight group, 64% are in normal weight group and just 12% are in overweight group. Except the students in underweight group, most of the surveyed students wish to lower the weight below normal weight. 2) Relationship was found between BMI and EAT-26 score that is related with eating disorder behavior, Total score was higher in overweight group than in underweight and normal weight group (P<0.001). When the score for individual question about eating disorder is considered in detail, the score for the questions preoccupied with the weight reduction was higher in overweight group than in underweight and normal weight group(P<0.001). For the questions about bulimia there was no difference according to BMI, however, for the questions about restraining food intake the score was high in overweight group(P<0.001). 3) The score of nutrition knowledge in line with BMI was different. It was found that the total score and the score for the questions about fat, calorie requirement, and calorie content in food were different. The total score showed the highest in overweight group in comparison with the ones in underweight and normal weight group. (P<0.05). Out of maccronutrient like carbohydrate, fat and protein, only the fat showed significant difference according to BMI and it was lower in overweight group than in underweight and normal weight group.(P<0.05) Out of the questions about calorie requirement, significant difference was found in the score for the questions about calorie requirement and calorie content in food. It was lower in overweight group than in underweight and normal weight group (p<0.05).

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

The purpose of the study was to get some information about the educational program for consumers in the community. For this, the author investigated the ability to identify the imported foods and the educational contents to be taught. The subjects for this study were 183 housewives living in Cheongju city, and the research was conducted from March 1 to March 15, 2003. A survey questionnaire was distributed, asking general matters regarding the subject, attitude when purchasing foods, the ability to identify the imported foods, educational contents to be taught, and the identification ability between the domestic and the imported foods. The data was analyzed for percentage, mean, standard deviations using SAS program, and was also examined with Chi-square or ANOVA. $92.3\%$ of housewives checked the label to distinguish between the domestic food and the imported one, among which $99.5\%$ preferred to buy the domestic brand. For major reasons of this preference, $46.3\%$ of them reported that the imported foods had many harmful substances. $66.1\%$ of the subjects, however, replied that they did not have the ability to discern the differences between the two. The identification information was received from 'TV or radio program', which $61.7\%$ of the subjects reported as such. $61.5\%$ of the subjects were inclined to receive education about the imported foods. For the educational contents, $75.4\%$ wanted to learn 'the method to identify the imported foods'. According to the identification test on the imported foods, they got 13.6 points on the average out of 40 points, which was quite low. The highest correct answer was for pteridium aquilinum ($63.7\%$), sesame ($49.2\%$), and yellow croaker ($45.6\%$), while the highest incorrect answer was for red pepper powder ($40.4\%$), chestnut ($40.6\%$), and dried pepper ($32.2\%$). The results suggested that most of the respondents had negative attitudes towards the imported agricultural products, but their identification ability was quite poor. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education and publicity work in relation to the identification methods for the imported foods so that consumers may have less risk from the imported agricultural products.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.188-199
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between 3 major constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), i.e., attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) and past experience of healthy eating and intentions of healthy eating in the short-term and long-term in adults living in Shanghai and parts of Anhui Province, China. Methods: The online study questionnaire for this cross-sectional study was based on previously validated items. A total of 408 Chinese adults (aged 18-64 years) residing in Shanghai and parts of Anhui Province, China were included to examine relationships between 3 major constructs of TPB and past experience of healthy eating, and short-term and long-term intentions of healthy eating. Multiple linear regression model adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) was employed to test relationships. Results: Only PBC among 3 major constructs of TPB was significantly related to short-term (p < 0.001) and long-term (p = 0.002) intention of healthy eating after adjustment for age and BMI. Past experience of healthy eating was more significantly related to long-term intention (p < 0.001) compared to short-term (p = 0.020) intention of healthy eating. The short-term and long-term intention models explained 70.5% and 48.8% of the variance, respectively. Conclusion: PBC is a potential determinant of both short-term and long-term behavioral intention of healthy eating regardless of past experience of healthy eating in adults residing in Shanghai and parts of Anhui Province, China. Our results indicate that programs promoting healthy eating to Chinese adults incorporate PCB to perform healthy eating under his or her control.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.159-168
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high class korean restaurants' servicescape on customers' emotional response and intention to revisit. This study also examined the relationship among emotional and cognitive reactions and intention to revisit. A total of 216 questionnaires were analyzed using the factor analysis, reliability test, and structural equation modeling analysis. The results revealed that space, aesthetics and comfortableness were positively related to emotional reaction, and convenience and cleanliness were related to cognitive reaction. This study also found that intention to revisit was positively related to emotional and cognitive reactions. Moreover, it was found that think was positively related to emotional reaction, and feel, think, act and the related were positively related to cognitive reaction. Finally, cognitive reaction was positively related to revisit. The results of the study suggested that high-class Korean restaurant marketers should introduce or strengthen servicescape, brand reputation and experiences, which increased brand attitude or revisit.