• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 1992

The curriculum especially in Korea plays a crucial role in developing instructional materials. It serves as a criterion for selecting and organizing content of teaching materials. Therefore, the validity of a curriculum can be justified through testing effectiveness of an instructional material developed in accordance with the curriculum. This paper presents an instructional method and material developed based on the current tendency of educational thoughts that emphasize STS and students - centered teaching strategies in science education. The instructional material was organized around the concept and its subconcept of "nutrition" as presented in the high school biology textbooks now in use in the nation as well as in a few world-wide countries. It was also organized by the use of biological events and phenomena which high school students in rural areas can easily encounter through their everyday lives. The significant findings in this study are : ${\circ}$ The achievement levels in experimental groups were higher than one in controlled groups. ${\circ}$ The students as well as the teachers involved in this study showed positive attitude toward the instructional method developed in the process of this study. ${\circ}$ The greater part of the students among the controlled groups hoped that biology would be taught by this kind of teaching procedure and materials.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.23-40
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine co-ed high school students' concern for appearance, weight control attitude and food behavior. The subjects were 405 students(boys 197, girls 208) in Sokcho area. Most of the students had much interest in appearance, and their perception of body type was significant differences between boys and girls(p<,00l). 22.8% of boys expressed satisfaction at their own body type. while just 9,6% of the girls were contented with their body type. In interest toward weight control. 43.7% of the boys and 79.8% of the girls had a regard for weight control. In relationship between weight control interest and the body type perception, there were significant differences among group of caring about weight control. moderate group and indifferent group(p<,00l), regardless of gender. As a whole, 41.3% of group that cared about weight control found themselves a little fat. Most of the boys who considered themselves thin(24,4%) were much concerned about weight control. where as girls who thought of themselves as thin were little interested in. Body type satisfaction was significant differences among interested group, moderate group and indifferent group(p<.00l). It appeared that they had breakfast very irregularly, But 86.9% of the total students had dinner, which indicated dinner was taken relatively on a regular basis. Among three meals, dinner was skipped the least, 23,5% (17.8% of the boys and 28,9% of the girls) went without breakfast everyday. For the reason, 65.1% of the overall students didn't eat breakfast due to time constraints, and lunch(39.8%) and dinner(31.3%) were skipped largely because eating them was troublesome. Less students went without meals to lose weight. and lunch(7.0%) was skipped more than breakfast(1.3%), and dinner(13,8%) was skipped more than lunch, This study suggested that nutrition education for high school students should be planned to provide nutrition information regarding desirable weight control as well as modifying diets and food behaviors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.380-393
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lift-style and eating behavior of stomach cancer patients in the Daegu and Kyungpook area, and to collect basic data for nutrition education designed to prevent stomach cancer in this community. The subjects of the study were 102 patients who were recently diagnosed as having stomach cancer at the Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 105 persons who did not have any gastrointestinal disease, and included patients from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and healthy volunteers. The survey, which covered the personal characteristics and eating behavior of the subjects, was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires. It was found that the stomach cancer patients (case group) had experienced a significantly higher level of stress in their daily lives than the control group. A significantly higher proportion of the case group subjects recognized their personality as pessimistic, and had family histories of cancer, compared with the control group subjects. The cancer patients had higher preferences for salty and hot tasting foods, and tended to ingest meals faster without enough chewing, compared with the control subjects. The level of nutritional knowledge of the case group was lower than the control group, and there was a positive correlation between subjects' nutritional knowledge scores and nutritional attitude scores. Subjects' estimates of their food intake frequencies during the decade before the cancer was diagnosed revealed that the case group consumed significantly higher amounts of pickled fish, soybean paste soup and stew, cooked vegetables, beef and pork, charcoal broiled meat and alcohol, while consuming significantly lower amounts of green tea than the control group. In summary, the results of the study suggest that the stress of daily life, a family history of cancer, and a pessimistic personality might be the risk factors for the development of stomach cancer. Dietary factors which were suspected as risk factors for stomach cancer in the present study included strong preferences to salty and hot lasting foods, poor eating habits, and frequent consumption of pickled fish, soybean paste soup, cooked vegetables, beef and pork, charcoal broiled meat and alcohol. A high consumption of green tea seemed to be a protective factor against stomach cancer. The results of the study appear to provide useful data for nutritional education focussed on the prevention on stomach rancor in local residents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.113-125
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• 1969

These experiments were designed to study the influence of early protein undernutrition on growth, behaviors toward food, general attitude toward a new environment, brain size and body composition of the experimental rats. The following experimental groups were studied. Lactation period (3 weeks) (Diets of mother rats) 25% Casein diet 12% Casein diet 25% Casein diet 25% Casein diet 12% Casein diet 12% Casein diet After-weaning protein deprivation period None deprivation (25% Casein diet) None deprivation (25% Casein diet) 5% Casein diet (4 weeks) 5% Casein diet (8 weeks) 5% Casein diet (4 weeks) 5% Casein diet (8 weeks) After a long period of rehabilitation with 25% casein diet the following results were obtained. 1. Growth rate during lactation period is closely related with the protein levels of the diet for mother rats. The average body weight of offsprings of the mother rat fed 25% casein diet is 46.0 grams at 21 days old. However, that of the mother rat fed 12% casein diet is only 25.0 grams. 2. The group of protein undernutrition during lactation (S weeks) (offsprings of mother rat fed low protein diet, 12% casein diet) could never catch up with the normal group in its growth even after twenty-four (24) weeks of rehabilitation. 3. However, the groups of protein undernutrition during either four (4) or even eight (8) weeks after weaning could catch up with the normal group in their growth after long period of rehabilitation. 4. The absolute amounts of carcass protein and fat of the normal group are larger than those of the protein deficient groups. In terms of percent carcass, however, the normal group showed higher body fat and lower body protein than the early deficient groups. However, there is no difference between preweaning (3 weeks) and postweaning (8 weeks) deficient groups. It is assumed, from these differences in body composition, that there might be any differences in physiological and metabolic functions among these various groups, and also that the basic formation of various metabolic regulators (protein-nature) might be fixed mostly during lactation and postweaning period. 5. The groups of protein undernutrition during either three (3) weeks lactation or four (4) weeks after weaning are not so remarkably different from the normal group in their amounts of food intake and spillage. However, the groups of undernutrition during either eight (8) weeks postweaning or eleven (11) weeks (3 weeks lactation period plus 8 weeks postweaning period) showed higher amounts of food intake and spillage. In these respects, it seems that desire for food is closely related with the degree of early hunger in protein and also seems that the longer be deficient in early life the more food spillage is found. 6. Both preweaning and postweaning deficient groups showed generally nervous and restless. The normal group is staid and showed less mobilities. 7. The average size of the brains of the group subjected to protein deficiency during three (3) weeks lactation period is smaller than that of the group of the eight (8) weeks postweaning deficiency. This means that the development of the brain is made mostly during lactation period. The group of the eleven (11) weeks postnatal deficiency is significantly different from the normal group in its brain development. It is assumed, in connection with the results of various maze tests reported, that the brain size is closely related with the intellectual ability.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8391-8396
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• 2016

Thailand is becoming an aging society, this presenting as a serious problem situation especially regarding health. Chronic diseases found frequently in the elderly may be related to dietary intake and life style. Surin province has been reported as a risk area for liver fluke with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinma especially in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional status and associated factors among elderly in Surin province, northeast of Thailand. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 people aged 60 years and above, between September 2012 and July 2014. The participants were selected through a randomized systematic sampling method and completed a pre-designed questionnaire with general information, food recorded, weight, height, waist circumference, and behavior regarding to food consume related to liver fluke infection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The majority of participants was female (63.5%), age between 60-70 years old (75.6%), with elementary school education (96.6%), living with their (78.9%), and having underlying diseases (38.3%). Carbohydrate (95.3%) was need to improve the consumption. The participants demonstrated under-nutrition (24.4%), over-nutrition (16.4%), and obesity (15.4%). Elderly had a waist circumference as the higher than normal level (34.0%). Gender, female, age 71-80 years old, elementary school and underlying diseases were significantly associated with poor nutritional status. The majority of them had a high knowledge (43.0%), moderate attitude (44.4%), and moderate practice (46.2%) regarding food consumption related to liver fluke infection. In conclusion, these findings data indicated that elderly age group often have an under- or over-nutritional status. Carbohydrate consumption needs to be improved. Some elderly show behavior regarding food consumption that is related to liver fluke infection hat needs to be improved, so that health education pertaining good nutrition is required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.398-412
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• 2000

The purposes of this study are : (a) to investigate the attitude to various coffee and tea of women, (b) to analyze the characteristics of each classified group according to eating frequency, and (c) to abstract the factors which can influence the consumption of coffee and tea. Questionnaires were hand delivered to 1,200 women residing in Seoul. A total of 1012 was usable: resulting in 84% response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS Package program for the one way-analysis of variance(ANOVA), Duncan's multiple comparison test, factor analysis and analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA). (a) Instant coffee was most consumed(22.1 times a month), green tea in tea bag(8.7), Donggulre tea(8.3), Coffee (72) in order of frequency. Among Korean traditional tea Donggulre tea(8.3) and Yuja tea (2.0) were most prefered but still a minute quantity of Korean traditional tea was enjoyed. (b) Coffee and Black tea was regarded unhealthful but habitual, delicious and familiar beverage. Green tea was regarded good for health but not so habitual, practical and familiar. The consumer awareness can be grouped into 3 clases : Healthy factor, Habitual Practical factor, Familiar factor. (c) The sociodemographic characteristics of women influenced the beverage consumption. Women in their 30s and 40s consumed much of instant coffee and coffee. 10s and 20s consumed much of canned coffee. Working women drank much of instant coffee and green tea in tea bag. Women in highest income group$({\geq}\;4,000,000\;won/month)$ consumed much of coffee. (d) The factors which influenced the eating frquency of those beverages were various. The eating frequency of instant coffee was influenced by the age, familiar factor and habitual practical factor. And coffee were influenced by income level, habitual practical factor. The frequency of green tea in tea bag was influenced by habitual practical factor and familiar factor, green tea was influenced by healthy factor and habitual practical factor, Donggulre tea was influenced by habitual practical factor.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.663-674
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• 2005

The factors for the childhood onset obesity were assessed to provide informations for the nutrition education program targeting the primary school children. The subjects of this study were 529 primary school children in Iksan City, Jeon-buk Province. Children were classified into obese(236) and control(293) groups by the obesity index. Anthropometric measurement dietary intake through 24-hour recall method, blood analysis and questionnaire response including nutritional knowledge and attitude, body image recognition and eating habits were conducted The mean age of subject was 12.0 years. The average body weight(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001), and obesity index(p<0.001) in obese group were significantly different from those in control group; their values in the former were 26.5 kg/m2 and $37.7\%$ and 43.0 kg, 19.8 kg/m2 and $3.2\%$ in the latter, respectively. The average scores of self-satisfaction were significantly different in two groups (p<0.001), 31.2, and 34.1, respectively. Among the obese subjects, $60.6\%$ were unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with their body image, and $76.5\%$ had experiences of weight control and $67.5\%$ took diet control as a weight control method Among mothers of obese subjects, $89.1\%$ were unsatisfied with their children's body image. $64.4\%$ of obese subjects had obese parents. Average intake of energy were $76.7\%$ of RDA in obese group and $74.9\%$ of RDA in control group. Average intake of cereals(p<0.01), potatoes & starch(p<0.01) and eggs(p<0.01) between obese and control subjects were significantly different; 295.4g, 76.2g, 55.6g in the former and 277.9g, 38.1g, 45.6g in the latter, respectively. The mean serum triglyceride(p<0.05), GPT(p<0.05), hemoglobin(p<0.001) concentration of the obses and control subjects were significantly different; in the former, 103.6mg/dL, 24.6U/L, 13.4g/dL, and in the latter, 93.7mg/dL, 19.9U/L, 13.1g/dL, respectively, The results suggest that practical nutrition education for the prevention of childhood onset obese should be provided to primary school children.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of well-being related to lifestyle choices such as food habits, food choices, life pattern, etc. The survey was conducted among college students using a questionnaire and a 5-point Likert score in Seoul City and Kyunggido Province during September 2005. The responses of 968 college students were analyzed by the SPSS program. The results were as follows. Most of the subjects were female(76.2%), and lived with their parents (85.6%). The average score of 'food habits', 'choosing food materials', 'purchasing' and 'life pattern' were $2.71{\pm}1.22,\;2.86{\pm}1.28,\;2.41{\pm}1.21,\;and\;2.97{\pm}1.31$ respectively in males and $3.01{\pm}1.20,\;3.00{\pm}1.32,\;2.55{\pm}1.20,and\;2.68{\pm}1.40$ in females, respectively. In regard to 'food habits', the scores were significantly affected by gender(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.05), alcohol consumption(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.001), weight satisfaction(p<0.001), method of weight control(p<0.001), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), attempts at weight control(p<0.001), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in well-being(p<0.001), and whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001). In regarding to 'choosing food materials' the scores were significantly affected by gender(p<0.001), smoking(p<0.05), exercise(p<0.001), weight satisfaction(p<0.05), method of weight control(p<0.05), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), attempts at weight control(p<0.001), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in well-being(p<0.001) ), and whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001). Out of the factors affecting 'purchasing', the association with BMI was remarkable. Students who were overweight, obese or underweight showed higher average scores than students of normal weight. The primary concerns and trial of well-being of college students were food and exercise. Therefore, the purchase of well-being goods is related to their weight control in college students. In regard to 'life pattern' the scores were significantly affected by exercise(p<0.01), use of computer(p<0.001), BMI(p<0.001), weight control(p<0.001), use of nutritional supplement(p<0.05), regularity of breakfast(p<0.001), level of interest in wellbeing(p<0.001), whether the individual tried a well-being item(p<0.001), and having taken lecture on well-being(p<0.05). Therefore nutrition education is needed for healthy eating habits of college students and it is necessary to develop a series of lectures to teach them about diet and exercise programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to : (a) analyze university students' perception and patronage behaviors to the service quality dimensions, and (b) assist university residence hall foodservices in formulating improved managerial strategies. Questionnaires were hand delivered and mailed to 1,210 university students residing in the residence hall and 13 foodservice managers. A total of 1,011 was usable; resulting in 83.6% response rate. The survey was conducted between October, 1998 and May, 1999. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/Win 6.12 for Descriptive Analysis, $x^2-test$, T-test, ANOVA, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Forty-seven percent of the respondents indicated that 'taste' was their first priority when choosing a menu. The reasons behind choosing residence hall foodservice were 'location', 'board plan', 'price', 'taste', 'opening hours', and 'menu variety'. The main reasons of dissatisfaction with the residence hall foodservice were 'board plan', 'taste', 'menu variety'. The overall satisfaction score was 2.99 out of 5. The satisfaction score of ${\ulcorner}convenience{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$were 3.25, 2.94 and 2.76, respectively. Generally, male students were more satisfied than females. Graduate students and students living in residence halls over six semesters were the most dissatisfied with the residence hall foodservice. Residence hall students were dissatisfied with the variables ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}facilities{\lrcorner}$in 'self-operated' operations, whereas ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}price{\lrcorner}$ in 'contracted' operations. Foodservice operations with 'less than 1,000 meals serving per day' was the highest satisfaction score(3.36) among other serving sizes. Meal price with 'less than 1,300 won' was most satisfied with students. When overall customer satisfaction and service quality dimensions were analyzed by Stepwise Multiple Regression ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}price{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}facilities{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}convenience{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}manager's\;attitude{\lrcorner}$(p<.0l), and ${\ulcorner}atmosphere{\lrcorner}$(p<.01), in decreasing order, significantly impacted on ${\ulcorner}overall\;customer\;satisfaction{\lrcorner}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.1295-1304
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the BMI, dietary behaviors, body satisfaction and factors affecting the weight control interest according to gender of middle school students (195 boys and 251 girls) in Wonju area. The average height and weight of the boys were $164.8{\pm}8.3\;cm$ and $55.5{\pm}12.3\;kg$ respectively. Those of the girls were $158.8{\pm}5.0\;cm$ and $48.7{\pm}7.4\;kg$ respectively. The average body mass index (BMI) of the boys and girls was 20.3 and 19.3 respectively. In both boys and girls, 69.7% of them had regular meals and the main reason for skipping meals was insufficient time to eat due to oversleeping (33.6%). Most of the subjects consumed snacks more than once a day (95.5%). The dietary intake attitude score of the girls ($35.08{\pm}5.91$) was higher than that of the boys ($33.81{\pm}5.45$) (p<0.01). The eating disorders score of the girls ($12.92{\pm}6.22$) was higher than that of the boys ($10.70{\pm}9.82$) (p<0.01). Also, 87.2% of the subjects showed normal behavior and 12.8% of the subjects had eating disorders, but there was no significant difference according to gender. The body satisfaction score of the boys ($30.16{\pm}5.08$) was higher than that of the girls ($28.00{\pm}5.52$) (p<0.001). In general, body satisfaction score correlated positively with dietary intake attitude score, but correlated negatively with eating disorders score (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that body satisfaction score was the most significant variable which affected the weight control interest. Therefore, development of the nutrition education program for adolescents will be effective not only for the improvement of dietary behaviors but also for the positive change in the misleading perception about the ideal body shape.