• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2005

An Absorbent Biofilter System (ABS) combined with the recirculation process was investigated for the feasible application in additional removing of organics (BOD, SS) as well as nutrients (TN, TP) from small Community wastewater in Korea. Polyurethane biofilter media with high porosity and large surface area were /used for the aerobic system. A part of treated wastewater was recirculated into the anoxic septic tank to promote removal of nutrients. The concentrations of BOD and SS of treated wastewater satisfied the regulations for small on-site wastewater treatment facility (10 mg/L) during the overall experimental period. The effluent concentrations of BOD and SS were decreased with enhancement of removal efficiencies of 95.7 and $96.7\%$. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies by the recirculation increased to $52.9\%\;and\;43.2\%$ in average during the overall experimental period, respectively. With the improvement, these values were increased as much as additional 42 and $18\%$ compared with those of non-recirculation. The rates of nitrification and denitrification were enhanced showing $65\~77\%\;and\;42\~92\%$, respectively. The described process modification is a low cost and effective method of enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal, especially on existing systems without changing major design components of a treatment facility.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.484-494
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• 2019

This paper presents a preliminary investigation of the optimum nutrients combination required for bioremediation of spent-engine oil contaminated soil using Box-Behnken-Design. Three levels of cow-manure, poultry-manure and inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer were used as independent biostimulants variables; while reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and total soil porosity (TSP) response as dependent variables were monitored under 6-week incubation. Ex-situ data generated in assessing the degree of biodegradation in the soil were used to develop second-order quadratic regression models for both TPH and TSP. The two models were found to be highly significant and good predictors of the response fate of TPH-removal and TSP-improvement, as indicated by their coefficients of determination: $R^2=0.9982$ and $R^2=1.000$ at $p{\leq}0.05$, respectively. Validation of the models showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted and observed values of TPH-removal and TSP-improvement. Using numerical technique, the optimum values of the biostimulants required to achieve a predicted maximum TPH-removal and TSP-improvement of 67.20 and 53.42%-dry-weight per kg of the contaminated soil were as follows: cow-manure - 125.0 g, poultry-manure - 100.0 g and NPK-fertilizer - 10.5 g. The observed values at this optimum point were 66.92 and 52.65%-dry-weight as TPH-removal and TSP-improvement, respectively.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제67권
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• pp.219-230
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• 2018

The present study examined a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) bioreactor on a laboratory scale for simultaneous removal of atrazine, organic carbon, and nutrients from wastewater. The maximum removal efficiency of atrazine, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were 83.57%, 90.36%, 90.74% and 87.93 respectively. Increasing salinity up to 40 g/L NaCl in influent flow could inhibit atrazine biodegradation process strongly in the MBBR reactor.Results showed that MBBR is so suitable process for efficiently biodegrading of atrazine and nitrogen removal process was based on the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) process.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.678-683
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• 2012

세계적인 물부족을 해결하는 대안 중의 하나는 하수 재이용이다. 본 연구는 A시의 하수를 UF와 RO 공법으로 처리하여 인근지역의 공업용수로 재사용이 가능한지의 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. A시의 하수를 UF와 RO로 처리한 결과 Na, Mg, Cl, Ca, Mn, $PO_4$, $SO_4$ 등은 원수 대비 97% 이상의 높은 처리 효율을 보였으나, $NH_4$-N, TN, $NO_3$-N, BOD등의 영양염류는 각각 35.71%, 85.21%, 87.05% 그리고 56%로 상대적으로 낮은 제거율을 보였다. 그러나 영양염류는 원수 자체의 함유량이 소량 이여서 하수 처리수 공업용수 재이용수질 권고 기준을 만족하는데 문제가 없었다. 그 외의 측정항목 또한 하수 처리수 공업용수 재이용수질 권고 기준을 만족하여 인근지역의 공업용수로 재사용에는 문제가 없을 것으로 예상된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

비점오염원으로부터 오염된 소하천에서 영양염류를 제거하기 위하여 식물플랑크톤 배양 장치를 설치하고 운영하였다. 식물플랑크톤 배양조에서 식물플랑크톤 정치배양 결과, 식물플랑크톤의 연속배양을 위한 배양조의 체류 시간을 3일로 결정하였으며 TP는 70%, TN은 44%가 제거됨을 확인하였다. 연속배양 결과 45일 동안 배양조에 유입된 TP의 53.9%, TN의 53.1%가 식물플랑크톤에 의한 흡수와 슬러지로 제거되었다. 식물플랑크톤이 성장하면서 배양조의 pH와 용존산소농도는 각각 평균 10.8, 16mg $L^{-1}$이었다. 결국 비점오염원에 오염된 하천수의 영양 염류는 식물플랑크톤의 사체와 화학반응으로 생성된 침전물로 제거되었다. 비교적 설치가 간단하고 경제성이 높은 식물플랑크톤 배양법의 높은 현장적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 석유계탄화수소 오염토양의 처리에 있어서 초기농도 및 영양소의 영향을 평가하는 것이었다. 본 연구에서 이용한 반응기는 용기형태의 슬러리상 생물반응기였다. 디이젤연료 오염토양의 처리 및 미생물성장에 대한 수행결과는 실험실규모에서 얻어졌다. TPH(총 석유계 탄화수소)의 거동 및 미생물성장은 생물학적 제거율과 연관하여 평가되었다. 50,000및 100,000 mg TPH/kg soil의 초기부하수준에 대한 영향이 연구되었다. 두 반응기에서의 수행결과는 각각 90.5%와 90.8%의 총체적인 TPH제거율 나타내었다. 그러나 50,000mg TPH/kg soil의 초기농도가 적용된 반응기가 초기농도 100,000mg TPH/kg soil이 적용된 반응기에 비하여 휘발에 의한 제거를 제외한 순수한 생물학적 TPH제거율에 있어서 우수한 결과를 보여주었다. 다른 영양소량이 두 반응기에 적용되었음에도 불구하고 미생물성장율에 있어서 현저한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 그러나 본 결과에서 고려되어야 할 중요한 요소는 두 반응기에 대하여 초기농도가 다르게 적용되었다는 것이다. 초기농도가 영양소가 첨가되지 않은 반응기에 비하여 두배나 높았음에도 불구하고 총체적 및 생물학적 TPH제거율에 있어서 영양소가 첨가된 반응기는 그렇지않은 반응기에 비하여 뛰어난 결과를 보여주었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.214-216
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• 1993

Cow's liquid manure (CLM), an animal waste, was treated by a batch algal culture to remove inorganic nutrients. CLM used in this study was especially high in concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. The optimum dilution ratio of the CLM for maximum algal growth was 1:25. Ninety five percent of inorganic nitrogen and 100％ of inorganic phosphorus were removed from the CLM with a dilution ratio of 1:25.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1998

In this research, Effect of C/N ratio on nutrient removal in intermittently aerated activated sludge system(IAASS) was investigated with dormitary, building and swine wastewater. Three types (2-stage, 4-stage, modified) of IAASS were operated. Time interval of aeration/nonaeration in IAASS was 1hr/1hr. In treatment of Dormitary wastewater(BOD/T-N ratio : 4.4), Building wastewater (BOD/T-N ratio : 3.14) and swine wastewater(BOD/T-N ratio : 3.84), Nitrogen removal efficiency of 80, 70 and 90.4% was achieved, respectively. Nitrogen removal in IAASS was a great influenced on influent C/N ratio, efficient nitrogen removal was achieved at BOD/T-N ratio over 4. In IAASS operation, $\Delta $BOD mg/L/$\Delta $ nitrogen mg/L ratio was about 4-6. Simultaneous removal of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus in IAASS can achieved. And influent organic was efficiently utilized in denitrification. IAASS could be one of the best alternative process for the retrofit of conventional activated sludge system for the removal of nutrients.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.459-463
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 연안어장 준설퇴적물에 대한 영양염류(인공수 중 질산염과 인산염)의 흡착반응에서 흡착제, pH, 이온강도가 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그리고 준설퇴적물을 이용해서 영양염류를 제거할 수 있는 가능성을 평가하고자했다. ${NO_3}^-$-N($100{\mu}M$, 10mM), ${PO_4}^{3-}$-P($100{\mu}M$, 10mM)에 대한 흡착반응은 10분 이내에 완료되었고, 정상상태에서 $100{\mu}M$ ${NO_3}^-$-N과 $100{\mu}M$ ${PO_4}^{3-}$-P가 각각 61%, 77% 제거 되었다. $900^{\circ}C$에서 준설퇴적물을 열처리했을 때 영양염류 제거율은 증가하지 않았다. CaO와 MgO 같은 첨가제를 사용하면 질산염의 제거율은 0%까지 감소했으나, 인산염 제거율은 98%까지 증가했다. 질산염과 인산염의 등온흡착은 Freundlich 식에 의해 잘 설명되었다($R^2$>0.99). 흡착반응은 pH와 이온강도에 의해 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. 흡착반응시간이 짧고 영양염류 제거율이 상당히 높다는 연구결과는 연안어장 준설퇴적물이 영양염류 제거를 위해 실제로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1990

As a research for treatment of waste water by biological method, we investigated general characteristics of waste water and isolated some useful bacteria which effectively treated waste water. Compositions of waste water were analyzed to give COD 2060 ppm, PVA 560 ppm, T-N 50 ppm, T-P 3.3 ppm and PH 12. Also, we inverstigated optimum nutrients requirement and growth conditions by mixed culture as well as the effect of coagulants. The COD removal rate reached maximum state for 48 hrs culture at pH 7.0 and 30$^{\circ}$C. Alum as the coagulated was the most effective. The COD removal rate was also increased by supplementing 10 ppm phosphorous sources as additional nutrients. The COD of waste water was reduced to 10% of its initial value by the continuous culture. As a result of overall experiments the COD of effluents became about 100 ppm and final pH 7.