• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1985

It has been a long tradition in the field of nutrition that the degree of malnutrition in a community used to be estimated by the degree of the adequacy of nutrients consumption in the households. The adequacy of nutrient consumption in the households then used to be applied to estimate the degree of malnutrition of the children. Such a practice is theoretically acceptable in the community where the food sharing within the household is individual serving style such as in European countries. However, the community where the dietary habit in the household is communal such as in Korea, the estimation of single serving portion from household consumption is quite uncertain. Because of such an uncertainty this study is intended to test the validity of the household food consumption level as an indication of nutritional status of the children in the rural farm households in Korea. The date from the household consumption survey in 1982 by the Korean Rural Nutrition Institute has been used for the analysis of food consumption levels of the households. The survey on the nutritional status of children of 127 preschool children from 78 farm households, has been conducted during May 1983. The nutritional status of the children has been directly measured by weight, height, skinfold thickness, haemoglobin, haematocrit and morbidity of influenza and diarrhoea. The analysis has been conducted to distinguish the differences in prevalence of malnutrition of children from the estimated of household consumption and that of from the direct measurement of nutritional status of children. The results show that the degree of malnutrition of the estimated by the household consumption level has not related with the prevalence of malnutrition by the direct measures of nutritional status of the children. Therefore, the validity of household consumption level as an indication of nutrional status in a same household is quite uncertain for the population studied.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 1976

This study is based on data from the food consumption survey on 727 members of 125 farm households from 7 different provinces. The survey was conducted in May, 1975 in cooperation with the O.R.D. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. 1. The average consumption of the basic food groups per capita per day was 563 g for cereals and grains(398g of rice and 129g of barley), 87.6g for meats and legumes, 317.8g for fruits and vegetables, 25.7g for milks and small fishes, 9.1g for fats and oils, and 45.1g for other group. 2. The average daily consumption of calories and nutrients was 2256 cal and 11.7g for animal proteins, 70.5g for total proteins, 21.6g for fats, 537.4mg for calcium, 18.1mg for iron, 5375lU for vitamin A, 1.27mg for thiamine, 1.05mg for riboflavin, 15.5mg for niacin, 77.7mg for ascorbic acid. When these figures are compared with the recommended allowances for Korean, the calories and nutrients intakes were satisfactory, except for the intakes of animal protein which was below two third of the recommended allowance. 3. The diets of the projected villages differed from those of the non-projected villages in the following respect: (a) The amounts of animal proteins and fats were larger in the projected villages than in the non-projected villages. (b) The percentage contribution of fats to the total amount of calories from three nutrients, carbohydrates, proteins and fats was higher in the projected villages than in tile non-projected villages. (c) The percentage contribution from carbohydrates to the total amount of calories was higher in the non-projected villages than in the projected villages. 4. Certain physical and clinical symptoms were observed among the people in the rural areas, which can be related to the shortages of animal proteins and fats in their diets. It is recommended to pay special attention to the nutrition of school children in the Korean rural areas.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.19.1-19.11
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• 2018

Background: Traditionally, East-Asians (Korea, Japan, and China) utilize seaweeds as a food source and ingredient in traditional medicine. Korea is one of the biggest seaweed producer and consumer in the global trade. Especially, side dishes made from seaweeds are very popular in the traditional Korean cuisines. Seaweeds are popular as fresh vegetable salads and soup or eaten as snacks. Main body: Seaweeds are rich in essential nutrients, minerals, and vitamins as well as a promising source of novel bioactive compounds. The compounds (polysaccharides, polyphenols, and sterols) present in the edible Korean seaweeds possess important bioactive properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anticoagulant properties. Thus, the long-term consumption of seaweed has a potential to reduce the risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity, and inflammation-related complications. However, seaweed consumption is limited to the small population around the globe. Thus, it is important to increase the awareness of the health benefits of seaweeds consumption among the general population. Short conclusion: In the present study, we discussed some popular green and red edible Korean seaweeds and their health-promoting properties. This study might be useful to increase the public awareness of the consumption of seaweed as a food source.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2004

An increasing number of women are becoming victims of their smoking habits. Cigarette smoking is implicated as a major cause or several chronic diseases. This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status associated with smoking and other factors like drinking or fruit and vegetable consumption frequency in Korean adult women. The 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey provided the current adult women sample (n = 2900), who were categorized as smoking (n= 141) and nonsmoking group (n = 2759). The smoking women declared significantly lower intakes of carbohydrate, calcium and vitamin C and higher alcohol than nonsmokers, but with nonsignificant difference of BMI. The smoking and drinking group showed the lowest intakes in most of the nutrients, the lowest BMI and significantly elevated blood pressure. The smoking group with fruit and vegetable consumption frequency less than 3 times a day also showed lower intakes of most of the nutrients and significantly higher systolic blood pressure. Less proportion of smokers perceived their health status very good or good and more smokers felt depressed often. In conclusion it seems cigarette smoking is associated with the decreased nutrient intakes in adults women. When smoking is connected with other unhealthy dietary habits like drinking or lower fruit and vegetable consumption, it may exacerbate the nutritional status and cause elevated blood pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 1997

According to economical status, malnutrition and overnutrition coexist among preschool children in Korea. Malnutrition have been a serious problem for children in some of rural. Many children have deficiencies of some nutrients such as riboflavin A, and simultaneously they have overcaloric intakes with empty calorie foods. Preschool children have nutritional problems which can affect the growth and development. To investigate whether nutritional intakes can influence on the growth or not, nutritional intakes and anthropometric measurements were determined for infants aged 4~6 years old in three different kinds of preschools. Daily nutrient intakes were calculated by the combination of a direct measurement and 24 hour recall, and the diet consumption patterns were determined by diet quality index. Overall growth of infants in Cheonan area was under the normal growth in Korea. Preschool children in orphanage consumed almost all nutrients much less than the recommended daily allowances, on the other hands, children in private preschool had over-intakes of nutrients when it is compared with the daily requirements. However, the scores of the diet quality index were similar in three preschools since children in private preschool consumed more fat and junk food than those in orphanage. The weight and height of preschool children in orphanage was lower than those in private preschools. This was due to the lower consumption of the important nutrients in infants in orphanage. The consumption of all nutrients except fat did not show any correlation with height or weight. The quality index of fat, cholesterol, grains and protein intakes was higher in children in private preschool than in orphanage. In conclusions, 1)the private preschool children had worse nutrient intake patterns. Better consumption of vitamin $B_2$, calcium and grains were, bigger height and chest circumferences children obtained. 2)Since most of energy intake of preschool children came from junk foods, they needed to consume more supplementation of vitamins and minerals, which is necessary for normal growth. 3)It is desirable for the children to cut down junk foods and empty calorie foods.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.202-219
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to evaluate the food and nutrients intakes of stomach cancer patients in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas in order to find out the dietary risk factors for stomach cancer. The subjects of the study were 102 patients who had recently been diagnosed with stomach cancer at the Gyeongbuk National University Hospital. The control subjects were 105 people including patients from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and healthy volunteers who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases. Estimates of nutrients intakes were determined from the food intake frequency data obtained by individual interviews using questionnaires. The mean daily calorie intakes of the control and the case groups were not significantly different. However the energy intake from protein was significantly higher in the case group as compared to the control group. With regard to the nutrients intakes, the case subjects consumed significantly higher amounts of nutrients such as protein, calcium, sodium, phosphorus and niacin than the control group. The case group showed a tendency to consume higher amount of protein, fat, calcium and iron from animal food sources. In the present study dietary factors which were suspected as being risk factors for stomach cancer included high consumption of animal foods, specific nutrients such as protein, sodium and niacin, specific food groups such as meat, spices, and low consumption of fruits and mushrooms. Therefore, it is recommended that more extensive and systematic surveys be conducted to confirm the risk factors for stomach cancer, taking into consideration the dietary cultural characteristics of this region. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 202∼219, 2003).

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2004

Women have a greater incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) after menopause. This relates to hormone imbalance-induced changes in known CHD risk factors, especially hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to explore d1e differences in food consumption and food sources of nutrients in the Korean diet between postmenopausal women aged 50-74 years with normocholesterolemia(NC) and those with hypercholesterolemia(HC). Each subject was either classified as part of the NC group (n=39, serum total cholesterol con. ＜200 mg/$dl$) or the HC group (n=31, serum total cholesterol con. $\geq$240 mg/dl) based on the Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia.l Diet was assessed through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Consumption of foods such as biscuits and/or crackers, squid and eggs was significantly (p＜0.05) higher in the HC group than in the NC group. On the other hand, consumption of potatoes/starches and carrots was significantly (p＜0.05) lower in the HC group than in the NC group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the consumption of legumes and legume products containing phytoestrogen and we could not find a relationship between legumes and legume products and serum cholesterol levels. Consumption of green tea tended to be lower in the HC group than in the NC group. Major sources of cholesterol, cholesterol-saturated index and vitamin A in the diets of the HC group consisted of foods high in cholesterol. Our results confirm that postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia in Korea tend to consume cholesterol-rich foods and dishes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.484-492
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• 2005

The purposes of the study were to analyze nutrients of the menus served and to evaluate students' nutrient consumption at school food services. Three middle schools (boys, girls, and co-ed schools) were located in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. A weighed plate method was employed to measure plate wastes and consumption of the menus served. Data was collected for 3 consecutive days at each school. Nutrient analyses for the served and consumed menus were performed using CAN-PRO. On average the students consumed $67\%$ of the menus they were served. By menu category, the students consumed more than $90\%$ of the rice and one-dish foods they were served. Kimchis ($54\%$) and soups/stews ($55\%$) were the menu categories with the lowest consumption rates. The menus served at the boys and coed schools did not meet 1/3 of the recommended daily allowances (RDA) for calcium, iron, and vitamin $B_2$. Due to the plate wastes, the actual consumption of the boys school students did not meet the 1/3 RDA for calories, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$ vitamin $B_2$ and niacin. The menus served at the girls school exceeded the 1/3 RDA for all nutrients, but the actual consumption did not meet the 1/3 RDA for calcium, iron, and vitamin $B_2$. During the 3-day periods, the served and consumed menus provided $27\%$ and $24\%$ of energy from fat, which exceeded the recommended proportion of $20\%$. To improve nutrition management at school food services, dietitians should understand factors that influence students' consumption and implement nutrition education programs that emphasize balanced diets.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2001

As the development of medical technology and the elevation of the standard of living, the population rate of elderly people in Korea is increasing gradually. To keep a good lift quality of the elderly, both appropriate exercise and nutrients intake are necessary for them. Dairy products are known for the good source of variable nutrients including functional components and bioactive peptides such as Ig, lactoferrin, MFGM, OPP, CPP, GMP, sialic acid etc that are required especially for elderly people. However, they are classified as the low dairy products consumption group recently. For the promotion of dairy product consumption of elderly people, variable and specialized dairy products for the elderly should be researched and developed with the strengthened publicity activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.717-738
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to analyze the status of food and nutrients intakes of the colorectal cancer patients in the Daegu$\cdot$Kyungpook area and to find dietary risk factors related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer in this community. The case subjects (123) were selected from the patients recently diagnosed as colorectal cancer at Kyunrpook National University Hospital, the control subjects (182) were selected from the patients of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the same hospital and from the healthy volunteers who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases. The food consumption survey was done by individual interviews using semi-quantitative food kequency questionnaire and nutrients intakes were analysed by CAN program. The results of the study suggested that dietary factors which are speculated as the risk factors of colorectal cancer in Daegu$\cdot$Kyungpook area were high consumption of cereals and oils low consumption of fruits and mushrooms, high consumption of energy and fat, especially animal fat, low consumption of dietary fiber, high percentage of energy intake from cereals and potatoes, high intakes of protein, fat, vitamin A and cholesterol from egg, low intake of calcium from vegetables, and high intake of iron from meats and eggs. These findings might be useful for the nuation education to prevent colorectal cancer in the community. However it is recommended to conduct more extensive and systematic survey to reconfirm these dietary risk factors under taking into consideration of the dietary characteristics in this region.