• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.496-501
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• 2005

SWAT2000 model directly estimate the loading of water, and nutrients from land areas in a watershed. it allows to add nutrient loading from the point sourece like a sewage treatment plant and it also has a GIS interface which can easily see the spatial relationship between subbasins. For better assessment of nutrients loading to KEUMGANG estuary, SWAT2000 model applied to KEUMGANG estuary watershed. Model calibration and verification was firstly poerformed at Gongju site duing the period $1999{\sim}2003$. $R^2$ value was 0.96 for streamflow, 0.94 for T-N load and 0.52 for T-P load. The accuracy of the model at Gongju site suggest that the SWAT2000 can be available to estimate streamflow, Nutrients loading to the KEUMGANG estuary.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, Two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed in Spring. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape in spring. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less in IVDMD and DDMW than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMW among the varieties of forage rape in Spring, in this experiment.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2009

The established mathematical modeling methods have limitation to know the hydraulic characteristics at the wastewater treatment plant which are complex and nonlinear systems. So, an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on hydraulic characteristics is applied for modeling wastewater quality of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant using DNR (Daewoo nutrient removal) process. ANN was trained using data which are influents (TSS, BOD, COD, TN, TP) and effluents (COD, TN, TP) components in a year, and predicted the effluent results based on the training. To raise the efficiency of prediction, inputs of ANN are added the influent and effluent information that are in yesterday and the day before yesterday. The results of training data tend to have high accuracy between real value and predicted value, but test data tend to have lower accuracy. However, the more hydraulic characteristics are considered, the results become more accuracy.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.130-136
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• 1981

Rice hull was reduced to ash by carbonization grades to illcuidate alkalinity increase and extract of inorganic nutrients in the rice hull charcoal. Alkaline reaction of water extraction was neutral at less carbonized charcoal, but much carbonized ash from 65% weight loss reached over 10 of pH value, also origin shape of rice hull was maintained until near 65% carbonized grade. Therefore, physical properties sustained good condition for seedling bed. The more charcoal carbonized to ash, the pH value and concentration of inorganic nutrient in their extracts were increased gradually. Nitric acid concentrations for neutralizing extract from charcoal were stronger in proportion to the carbonized grade but 0.1 N nitric acid solution was very reasonable to neutralize the 65% carbonized charcoal for mixing with heavy texture acidy soil(pH 5.3) of uncultivated deep horizon to transplant the tobacco seedlings. Volume ratio mixing for seedling bed is adequate at five of ash to one of acid solution. Neutralization with nitric acid solution also accelerated extraction of the inorganic nutrient in rice hull ash. Tobacco seedlings grown on bed mixed with neutralized rice hull charcoal and soil had shown better results on the agronomic measurement than alkaline ash bed, and phosphorus and cations were uptaken more amounts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.609-624
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• 2003

The genesis of methods for defining the nutritional value of feeds and the nutrient requirements of animals, and their development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe and the USA are outlined. Current energy and protein feeding systems for ruminants are described. Particular reference is made to the Australian systems which are applicable to grazing animals as well as to those given prepared feeds, and enable the effective nutritional management of a imals at pasture by means of the decision support tool GrazFeed. The scheme for predicting intakes by cattle and sheep from pastures allows for the effects of selective grazing on the composition of the feed eaten, and for reduction in herbage intake when a supplementary feed is consumed. For herbage of any given concentration of metabolizable energy (ME) in the feed dry matter the changes with season of year in the net efficiency of use of the ME for growth and fattening and in the yield of microbial crude protein, g/MJ ME, which both vary with latitude, are defined. An equation to predict the energy requirements for maintenance (MEm) of both cattle and sheep includes predictions of the additional energy costs incurred by grazing compared with housed animals and the cost, if any, of cold stress. The equation allows for the change in MEm with feed intake. A flexible procedure predicts the composition of liveweight gain made by any given breed or sex of cattle and sheep at any stage of growth, and the variation with rate of gain. Protein requirements for maintenance, production including wool growth, and reproduction, are related to the quantities of microbial true protein and undegraded dietary protein truly digested in the small intestine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1294-1299
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• 2012

A total of 96 pigs ($49.23{\pm}3.20$ kg) were used in an 11 wk growth trial to evaluate the effect of fermentable carbohydrate (FC) content on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrient, blood profile, and meat quality. The dietary treatments were: i) negative control (NC), basal diet, ii) positive control (PC), NC+antibiotics (positive control diet with 5 ppm flavomycin), iii) PCL, PC-13% lower FC, and iv) NCL, NC-13% lower FC. The growth performance (average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain/feed) didn't differ among treatments through the whole experiment. These pigs fed the PCL diet had the greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter than those from PC and NC treatment at the end of the experiment. No differences were observed in white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and lymphocyte concentration among different treatments. After the feeding period, meat samples were collected from the pigs at slaughter. The pigs in NCL and PCL treatments had greater (p<0.05) backfat thickness and lower lean percentage. The color value of loin was higher (p<0.05) in NCL treatment compared to PCL treatment. Also, the NCL treatment had higher (p<0.05) marbling value than PC treatment. The drip loss was depressed by PCL and NCL treatment comapared to NC treatments. The water holding capacity (WHC) was higher (p<0.05) in NC and PCL treatment. In conclusion, the low FC can improve digestibility and meat quality of finishing pigs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2012

In order to explore the role of nutrients and bioactive related substances in colorectal cancer, we conducted a case-control in Uruguay, which is the country with the highest production of beef in the world. Six hundred and eleven (611) cases afflicted with colorectal cancer and 1,362 controls drawn from the same hospitals in the same time period were analyzed through unconditional multiple logistic regression. This base population was submitted to a principal components factor analysis and three factors were retained. They were labeled as the meat-based, plant-based, and carbohydrates patterns. They were rotated using orthogonal varimax method. The highest risk was positively associated with the meat-based pattern (OR for the highest quartile versus the lowest one 1.63, 95 % CI 1.22-2.18, P value for trend = 0.001), whereas the plant-based pattern was strongly protective (OR 0.60, 95 % CI 0.45-0.81, P value for trend <0.0001. The carbohydrates pattern was only positively associated with colon cancer risk (OR 1.46, 95 % CI 1.02-2.09). The meat-based pattern was rich in saturated fat, animal protein, cholesterol, and phosphorus, nutrients originated in red meat. Since herocyclic amines are formed in the well-done red meat through the action of amino acids and creatine, it is suggestive that this pattern could be an important etiologic agent for colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of replacing dried mugwort (Artemisia montana Pampan) in concentrate a time of preparation pellet. The treatments, arranged in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design, were four additional levels of mugwort at 0, 3, 5 and 10% in concentrate. Four crossbred (CorriedalexPolwarth, t) sheep with a mean body weight of 41.3 kg were used to evaluate nutrients digestibility, palatability, fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. The digestibility of crude protein was improved (p < 0.05) to 6.1 % - 8.6 % in sheep fed 3, 5 and 10% mugwort pellet treatments compared with that of control. That of crude fat and NDF was improved (p < 0.05) to 5.8 % - 7.3 % in sheep fed 3 % compared to other treatments. The ruminal pH was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in sheep fed 3 % mugwort pellet compared to other treatments when observed at 0.5 hour after feeding. The ammonia nitrogen concentrations were the highest in sheep fed all treatments at 1 hour after feeding. The ruminal concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acids were an improvement (p < 0.05) at the 3% and 5% treatments. Retained nitrogen of 3, 5 and 10% treatment with the value of 2.24 - 2.82 g was higher (p < 0.05) than that of the control with 0.78 g and microbial protein production of 10% treatment was higher (p < 0.05) than that of control. This study suggested that the replacing with 3% dry mugwort (Artemisia montana Pampan) in concentrate a time of preparation pellet will improve nutrient digestibility, palatability, ruminal fermentation characteristics and feed value.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2000

In this study the removal possibility of nutrients of T-P, NH3-N, NO3-N and T-N is examined through a positive experimental study using submerged biofilter of media packing channel method. From the analysis of nutrients removal efficiency for each run of the collected sample following results are obtained. Firstly the result of N/P surveying for inflow shows serious value that excess the limit value of 20 as the values are in the range of 12.0~42.7 and the average is 25.73. Secondly the highest concentration of the incoming NH3-N reaches double of the standard since the concentrations of NH3-N and NO3-N for inflow shows 0.06mg/$\ell$ and 2.5~3.8mg/$\ell$ respectively and the average removal rate which passed the submerged biofilter adopted in this study is a satisfactory level. Next the average removal rate of T-P of 51.5% shows the possiblity of entrophication removal since the removal rate of T-P of 66.8~68.8% in relative low temperature period of RUN 1~2 appeared higher than in RUN 3~6 and T-N shows relatively poor result with the average removal rate of 34.1% And it is known that the bigger BOD/P and BOD/N are the more removal rate increases from the examination result of the relation between BOD/P and BOD/N and the treatment water T-P and T-N to decide the relation with the concentration of organic matters and though that the appropriate proportion is necessary for effective removal of nitrogen and phsophorus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1093-1097
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• 2004

This study was aimed to establish the amount of enzose (corn dextrose) for optimum N fixation in urea treated corncobs (UTC) and their dietary effect on nutrient intake, digestibility and milk yield in crossbred cows. Corncobs were treated with 5% urea and ensiled in laboratory silos with 0, 2, 4 and 6% enzose for 15 days. Total nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and neutral detergent insoluble N contents were increased in UTC with the level of enzose. Five early lactating crossbred cows (Sahiwal$\times$Holstein Frisian) were used in a 5$\times$5 Latin Square Design to see the influence of UTC ensiled with 6% enzose on nutrient intake, digestibility, milk yield and its composition. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated. The UTC30 (control), UTC40, UTC50, UTC60 and UTC70 diets contained 30% UTC ensiled without enzose and 40, 50, 60, 70% UTC ensiled with 6% enzose, respectively. Dry matter, NDF and ADF intakes were increased with the increasing level of UTC ensiled with enzose in the diets of cows. Dry matter, NDF and ADF digestibilities were significantly higher with diets containing UTC ensiled with enzose. Milk yield was significantly higher in cows fed UTC70 compared to those fed on other diets. The milk crude protein percentage was significantly different across treatments. However, milk fat, total solids, solid not fat, true protein and non-protein nitrogen contents of milk remained similar across all diets. Ensilation of UTC with 6% enzose improved the nitrogen retention and thus enhanced the feeding value of UTC for lactating cows.