• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.594-608
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• 1998

Comparative studies regarding the nutritional status of 93 home-living elderly people taking free congregate lunch meals(FL) and 87 middle income class elderly people(MI) were performed in Taejon city. Data was obtained from questionaires, anthropometry and interviews for the 24-hour dietary recall of 2 nonconsecutive days during August, 1996. The average age for FL was 75.8 years. The monthly familly income for FL belonged to the low-income class. FL females had lower heights and weights than MI females. The average daily nutritional intake of both FL and MI were low, particularly in FL whose %RDA of energy was 68.5%, protein 65%, Ca 29.6%, Fe 50.8%, vitamin A 34.5%, vitamin E 30.5%, riboflavin 40.6%, vitamin C 76.9%. MI's %RDA of energy was 76.4%, protein 80.a2%, Ca 48.1%, Fe 78.6%, vitamin A 67.3%, vitamin E 117.4%, riboflavin 45.6%, vitamin C 136.5%. Comsumption of Zn, vitamin $B_6$ and folic daily average. There was no nutrient having average INQ(Index of nutritional quality) over 1 for either group. The INQs for protein, Ca, Fe and vitamin A were 0.802, 0.377, 0.625 and 0.296 in FL, and 0.900, 0.601, 0.784 and 0.602 in MI, respectively. The MAR(Mean adequacy ratio) was low with the value of 0.500-0.518 in FL and 0.630-0.723 in MI. The percentage of main nutrients from lunch was the highest among the three meals for FL males, while that from breakfast was the highest for MI. Free lunches taken by FL supported higher percentages of main nutrients than home-lunches taken by MI. Eating-out was done more frequently by MI than by FL and that eating-out brought them more nutritional intake. The above data indicated that the dietary nutritional intake status of the FL elderly was very poor in both quantity and quality and that free congregate lunch significantly contributed to the daily nutrient-intake for the FL elderly.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.695-706
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a steam chamber type on the ruminal fermentable characteristics and nutrient degradabilities of corn flakes in Hanwoo. Three Hanwoo equipped with a ruminal fistula were used as experimental animals. There were two treatments: Corn flake using a steam chamber (CFSC, 1.0 atm - $100^{\circ}C$ 96 min) or corn flake using a pressurized steam chamber (CFPSC, 1.5 atm - $111^{\circ}C$ 12 min), respectively. In the in vitro trial, the ruminal pH was significantly lower in the CFPSC than in the CFSC (p < 0.01). The ammonia concentration was increased by 14.1% in the CFPSC compared to the CFSC (p < 0.05). The concentration of acetic acid was higher in the CFSC than in the CFPSC (p < 0.01). The concentrations of propionate, butyrate and total-VFA at 24 and 48 h were higher in the CFPSC than in the CFSC (p < 0.05). In the in situ trial, the degradability of dry matter was significantly higher in the CFSC than in the CFSC (p < 0.01). In addition, the degradabilities of starch and crude protein were significantly higher in the CFSC than in the CFSC (p < 0.01). Thus, the present results indicate that the pressurized steam chamber could be recommended to improve the feed value of corn flake according to the increase in the starch degradability and volatile fatty acid production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.597-607
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• 2018

This study examined the nutrient components and measured the physicochemical properties of 23 Korean sweet potato cultivars. The proximate composition, free sugars, organic acids, and dietary fiber of sweet potato were analyzed and the water binding capacity, oil absorption and pasting characteristics were measured. The proximate composition was the highest in Happymi and was higher in colored sweet potato than in general sweet potato (p<0.05). The sucrose content was the highest among the free sugars in the general cultivars and yellow/orange colored cultivar. The major organic acids were oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and acetic acid. Oxalic acid and citric acid were high in the purple colored cultivars and malic acid was high in yellow/orange colored cultivars. Each total dietary fiber content of the general and colored cultivars was 7.51-13.94 and 13.04-16.97%, respectively, but there was no significant difference. The water binding capacity and oil absorption of Juhwangmi was high in all cultivars (p<0.05). The peak viscosity of sweet potato powder showed highest a significant difference of 12.50-1342 cP (p<0.05). The breakdown of Sincheonmi was 512, which was the highest value (p<0.05). The setback of Geonpungmi was significantly low, 6.0 (p<0.05).

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.577-586
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing quercetin extracted from Sophora japonica flower (QS) to the diet of broiler chicks on their growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, cecal microbiota, serum lipid profiles, relative organ weight, and breast muscle quality. Methods: A total of 1,088 1-day-old broiler chicks (mixed sex) were randomly assigned to four groups based on the initial body weight (43.00±0.29 g). The experimental period was 35 days (starter, days 0 to 7; grower, days 7 to 21; finisher, days 21 to 35). There were 17 replicate cages per treatment and 16 birds per cage. Dietary treatments consisted of birds receiving basal diet without quercetin as the control group and treatment groups consisted of birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 g/kg QS. Results: With the increase of the QS dosage, body weight gain during days 0 to 7 (p = 0.021), 7 to 21 (p = 0.010), and 1 to 35 (p = 0.045), feed intake during days 0 to 7 (p = 0.037) and 1 to 35 (p = 0.025), apparent dry matter digestibility (p = 0.008), apparent energy retention (p = 0.004), cecal lactic acid bacteria counts (p = 0.023), the relative weight of breast muscle (p = 0.014), pH value from breast muscle (p<0.001), and the water holding capacity of breast muscle (p = 0.012) increased linearly, whereas the drip loss from breast muscle (p = 0.001) decreased linearly. Conclusion: The addition of QS in the diet of broiler chicks had positive effects on the breast muscle yield and breast muscle quality, and improved the dry matter digestibility and energy retention by increasing cecal beneficial bacteria counts, thus improving growth performance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.225-236
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Hydroponics is one of the methods for evaluating plant production using the inorganic nutrient solutions, which is applied under the artificial light conditions of plant factory system. However, the application of the conventional inorganic nutrients for hydroponics caused several environmental problems: waste from culture mediums and high nitrate concentration in plants. Organic nutrients are generally irrigated as a supplementary fertilizer for plant growth promotion under field or greenhouse conditions. Hydroponic culture using organic nutrients derived from the agricultural by-products such as dumped stems, leaves or immature fruits is rarely considered in plant factory system. Effect of organic or conventional inorganic nutrient solutions on the growth and nutrient absorption pattern of green and red leaf lettuces was investigated in this experiment under fluorescent lamps (FL) and mixture Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). METHODS AND RESULTS: Single solution of tomatoes (TJ) and kales (K) deriving from agricultural by-products including leaves or stems and its mixed solution (mixture ration 1:1) with conventional inorganic Yamazaki (Y) were supplied for hydroponics under the plant factory system. The Yamazaki solution was considered as a control. 'Jeockchima' and 'Cheongchima' lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) were used as plant materials. The seedlings which developed 2~3 true leaves were grown under the light qualities of FL and mixed LED lights of blue plus red plus white of 1:2:1 mixture in energy ratio for 35 days. Light intensity of the light sources was controlled at 180 μmol/㎡/s on the culture bed. The single and mixture nutrient solutions of organic and/or inorganic components which controlled at 1.5 dS/m EC and 5.8 pH were regularly irrigated by the deep flow technique (DFT) system on the culture gutters. Number of unfolded leaves of the seedlings grown under the single or mixed nutrient solutions were significantly increased compared to the conventional Y treatment. Leaf extension of 'Jeockchima' under the mixture LED radiation condition was not affected by Y and YK or YTJ mixture treatments. SPAD value in 'Jeockchima' leaves exposed by FL under the YK mixture medium was approximately 45 % higher than under conventional Y treatment. Otherwise, the maximum SPAD value in the leaves of 'Cheongchima' seedlings was shown in YK treatment under the mixture LED lights. NO₃-N contents in Y treatment treated with inorganic nutrient at the end of the experiment were up to 75% declined rather than increased over 60 % in the K and TJ organic treatment. CONCLUSION: Growth of the seedlings was affected by the mixture treatments of the organic and inorganic solutions, although similar or lower dry weight was recorded than in the inorganic treatment Y under the plant factory system. Treatment Y containing the highest NO₃-N content among the considered nutrients influenced growth increment of the seedlings comparing to the other nutrients. However effect of the higher NO₃-N content in the seedling growth was different according to the light qualities considered in the experiment as shown in leaf expansion, pigmentation or dry weight promotion under the single or mixed nutrients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to describe the nutritional status of lacto-ovo vegetarian college male students related food habits, nutrient intake, food analysis, blood content and blood pressure. This survey was conducted at Korean Union College June 13 through 20 in 1982 (7days), and the questionnaires were designed to find out the food habits for 113 men students. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) They often use whole cereals, vegetables, pulses, nuts and fung; they don't use seasonings or animal foods. 2) It seemed that vegetarian's personalities were stable and they had good endurance. 3) All nutrients were taken sufficiently, and the ratios of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins were 70, 16, 14 respectively. 4) No one had anemia prevalences of Hb, Hct, or serum Iron compared with the anemic criteria of W.H.O. The mean value of serum cholesterol was 126 mg%. 5) The mean value of blood pressure was 72/110 mmHg.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.449-459
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• 1999

Non-conventional roughage (NCR) is shrub and tree fodders, crop residues and agroindustrial oy-products which is not commonly used as livestock feed traditionally and commercially. Eventhough many sources of NCR is available, the farmers perceptions on NCR not only vary from country to country in tropical and sub-tropical Asian-Australasian countries, but also vary from region to region within the country. Chemical composition and nutritive value of NCR are not only vary from species to species but also vary between species within the genera, between provenances/cultivars within the species and such variations are affected by season, climatic zone, topography and land utilization. The nutritive value of NCR can be improved by physical, chemical and biological treatments and conservation. Feeding NCR to ruminant and non-ruminant is not only improve performance of the livestock but also economically feasible. Future direction of NCR is inventarization, exchange information through NCR information centre, integration with either agrisilvicultural, agrisilvipastoral or silvipastoral system, and use of genetic engineering to produce high quality NCR that ultimately become conventional roughage for agroindustry and agribissiness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2001

We have simulated the effect of fracture characteristics on reduction of effective permeability of the fractured rocks due to in-situ bacteria growth. A nutrient is injected continuously for growth of in-situ bacteria. We used a power law for fracture length distribution and a fBm for fracture aperture spatial distribution. The results show that in-situ bacteria growth reduces the Permeability hyperbolically, but the porosity of backbone fracture does not change significantly. It shows that reduction of the permeability proceeds at faster speed for smaller value of length exponent(a) and for larger value of Hurst exponent(H). The fracture length distribution has stronger effect on speed of reduction than the aperture spatial distribution. The time needed to reduce permeability is inversely proportional to the hydraulic gradient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.496-501
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• 2005

SWAT2000 model directly estimate the loading of water, and nutrients from land areas in a watershed. it allows to add nutrient loading from the point sourece like a sewage treatment plant and it also has a GIS interface which can easily see the spatial relationship between subbasins. For better assessment of nutrients loading to KEUMGANG estuary, SWAT2000 model applied to KEUMGANG estuary watershed. Model calibration and verification was firstly poerformed at Gongju site duing the period $1999{\sim}2003$. $R^2$ value was 0.96 for streamflow, 0.94 for T-N load and 0.52 for T-P load. The accuracy of the model at Gongju site suggest that the SWAT2000 can be available to estimate streamflow, Nutrients loading to the KEUMGANG estuary.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, Two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed in Spring. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape in spring. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less in IVDMD and DDMW than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMW among the varieties of forage rape in Spring, in this experiment.