• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.794-801
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the aerobic exercise type on macronutrient self-selection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a macronutrient self-selection diet for 4 weeks. For this purpose, mixed feeds were prescribed for the rats while they were forced to swim and run for 4 weeks. Animals were either swimming exercise or treadmill running exercised at 20m/min(60min/day). Cumulative daily energy and macronutrient intake were determined during this period. The running exercise group gained weight much more than the control group, while the swimming exercise group lost weight less than the control group. Such findings suggests that the former group took more feed. On the other hand, the dietary efficiency of the control group was higher, which implies that no physical exercise would result in a higher dietary efficiency. And there was significant difference of total dietary and calorie intakes among the three groups, Although insignificant in statistical means, it was found that the running group took feed most, which is attributable to the homeostasis requiring the supplementation of the calorie lost by exercise. Also, the running exercise group took the protein and carbohydrate most. while the control group took fat most. The decrease of fat intake by the running exercise group suggests the possibility that the in-body enzymes should adapt themselves to the changing in-body condition caused by the endurance exercise. In contrast, it is conceived that the more intake of the carbohydrate may be attributable to the need of supplementing the nutrient lost by the endurance exercise. As discussed above, the endurance exercise group took carbohydrate and protein and less fat than control group. In particular, it was found that the amount of feed intakes was affected much by types, intensity and duration of the exercises. All in all, such findings would apply to human beings. Now can increase the intakes of carbohydrate and decrease the intake of fat through an effective running exercise program and thereby, change our dietary patterns to the benefit of our body and simultaneously, prevent and adult\\`s diseases by decreasing the in % body fat level.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 794-801, 2000)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1471-1480
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• 2010

An extremely thermostable xylanase gene, xynB, from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima MSB8 was successful expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis. The response surface methodology (RSM) was also applied to optimize the medium components for the production of XynB secreted by the recombinant K. lactis. The secretion level (102 mg/l) and enzyme activity (49 U/ml) of XynB in the optimized medium (yeast extract, lactose, and urea; YLU) were much higher than those (56 mg/l, 16 U/ml) in the original medium (yeast extract, lactose, and peptone; YLP). The secretory efficiency of mature XynB was also improved when using the YLU medium. When the mRNA levels of 13 characterized secretion-related genes in the K. lactis cultured in YLP and YLU were detected using a semiquantitative RT-PCR method, the unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes, including ero1, hac1, and kar2, were found to be up-regulated in the K. lactis cultured in YLU. Therefore, the nutrient ingredients, especially the nitrogen source, were shown to have a significant influence on the XynB secretory efficiency of the host K. lactis.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.961-965
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• 2007

In this study, degradation of carbohydrates and composition of fermentative products were investigated in semi-continuous acid fermenter varying hydraulic retention time (HRT). Rice soup was used as a sole substrate for the acid fermentation. Solubilization efficiency of the substrate was higher than 70% for all HRT, however the gas conversion was ignorable implying that most of organic contents in the influent remained in the form of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol after acid fermentation. The VFAs were the predominant product and the VFAs conversion increased as the HRT decreased. The VFAs conversion reached the maximum value at 12 hr HRT accounting for 70% of the influent COD. Similar to VFAs, ethanol conversion was increased with the decrease of HRT and the maximum ethanol conversion efficiency was 8% at the HRT of 12 hr. Composition of VFAs was markedly dependent on HRT. As HRT increased, the composition of acetic acid was increased as a product of acetogenesis from butyrate, valerate and ethanol. This study demonstrated that HRT affected acid fermentation of a carbohydrate containing organic wastes producing VFAs and ethanol which could be effectively used to compensate the lack of carbon in wastewater for biological nutrient removal.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2000

To investigate the effect of inorganic nutrient supplement in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), we have conducted some study on cultural and growth characteristics of fruitbody formation and chemical composition of media and fruitbody. When supplemented with slow releasing fertilizer, contamination rate was not different from non-supplemented medium, days for incubation time and first pinhead were faster than non supplemented medium. And fruitbody yield and biological efficiency were increased $10{\sim}28%,\;7{\sim}20%$ respectively, but biological efficiency was decreased when increased supplement ratio. The chemical compositions (total carbon, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, potassium and phosphate) of slow releasing fertilizer supple mented medium and fruitbody were compared with non-supplemented.

• Clean Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2015

Conventional physicochemical technologies for algae growth inhibition have economical and environmental pollution problems. This study attempted to overcome the problems by nature-friendly biological inhibition technology using fibrous carrier. The experimental results showed that the most effective carrier material, polyester, exhibited the highest biofilm thickness. The removal efficiency for nutrient salts, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, and algae growth inhibition of polyester carrier was 14.59%, 6.36%, and 77%, respectively, which is higher than for control group. These result indicate that the polyester carrier is available in eutrophic lake.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

The nitrogen (N) absorption and partition of the rice plants are important indicators that can be used to improve the N use efficiency (NUE) of the plants. Improving the plant NUE can help to avoid nutrient waste that may cause environmental pollution. To investigate the N absorption and partition of the rice plants, Hwaseongbyeo (Japonica) and Dasanbyeo (indica/japonica) were applied with N fertilizers at the rates of 60, 120, and 180 kg N per ha in paddy field. Also micro plots of $0.81m^2$ were established inside each plot for application of $^{15}N-labeled$ fertilizer. The differences in N utilization of the rice plants were associated with the total N absorption and partitioning after the heading stage. In the grain filling period, the increase of nitrogen content in the total and leaf blades of Dasanbyeo was higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo. Soil N was the main contributor for the increase of total N of Dasanbyeo during the grain filling period. The N fertilizer uptake rate of Hwaseongbyeo rapidly increased with the increment of N fertilization rate. In Dasanbyeo, N fertilizer uptakes were similar under all rates and times of N application. From heading stage to harvest, Dasanbyeo continued accumulating nitrogen, whereas Hwaseongbyeo had small changes. In conclusion, the difference in nitrogen absorption and partition after heading of the two cultivars was caused by the ability of Dasanbyeo to accumulate and remobilize soil nitrogen to the grains during the grain filling period.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2011

A comparative experiment was conducted to compare the effects of persulfate with gamma radiation on the disinfection efficiencies against Escherichia coli K12. The microorganism used for the disinfection experiments were prepared by transferring a bacterial stock culture into a 50 ml nutrient broth an incubating for 24 hrs at $37^{\circ}C$. The initial concentration of the harvested culture was approximately $10^7$ to $10^9CFU\;ml^{-1}$. The culture solution was irradiated at different absorbed doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 kGy, respectively. The disinfection efficiency of persulfate with gamma radiation of 0.3 kGy against Escherichia coli K12 was 97.2% and while the gamma radiation only was 90.01% at 0.3 kGy. Therefore, it could be thought that addition of persulfate in the disinfection of Escherichia coli K12 can enhance the disinfection efficiency when it is used together with gamma radiation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

The physical treatment such as chemical precipitation or adsorption was usually added after biological treatment in wastewater treatment process since it was enforced to reduce the concentration of phosphate for wastewater effluent to 0.2 mg/L as P which was well known as one of main nutrient causing eutrophication in waterbody. Therefore, the new material functioned for both adsorption and disinfection was prepared with Fe and Cu, and $TiO_2$, respectively, by changing the ratio of concentration referred to tri-metal (TM). According to SEM-EDS, $TiO_2$ was 30~40% composition for any TM regardless of any synthesis condition. However, the ratio of composition for Fe and Cu was dependent on the initial Fe and Cu concentration, respectively. The removal efficiency of phosphate was obtained to 15% at low initial concentration and the maximum uptake (Q) was calculated to ~11 mg/g through Langmuir isotherm model using TM1 which was synthesized at 1000 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, and 2 g (10 g/L) for $Fe(NO_3)_3$, $Cu(NO_3)_2$, $TiO_2$, respectively. In disinfection test, the efficiency of virus removal using TM was increased with increase of dosage of TM and can be reached 98% at 0.2 g.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.493-503
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• 2024

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low crude protein (CP) level with essential amino acids (AA) addition on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microbiota, and volatile fatty acid composition in growing pigs. A total of 160 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc [LYD]; average initial body weight 16.68 ± 0.12 kg) were randomly allotted to one of the four treatments on the basis of initial body weight. A randomized complete block design was used to conduct this experiment in the Research Center of Animal Life Sciences at Kangwon National University. There were ten pigs/replicate with four replicates in each treatment. The treatments include; CON (Control, 17.2% dietary CP level), low protein (LP)-1.10 (15.7% dietary CP level + 1.10% lysine level), LP-1.15 (15.7% dietary CP level + 1.15% lysine level), LP1.2 (15.7% dietary CP level + 1.20% lysine level). The pigs fed CON and LP-1.2 diet showed greater final body weight than that of LP-1.1 diet (p < 0.05). Although average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency did not show any difference in phase 2 and 3, average daily gain and feed efficiency was significantly greater in CON and LP-1.20 in phase 1. However, the average daily feed intake did not show any difference during the experimental period. Isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid composition of LP treatments were lower than CON treatment in phase 2. Total branched chain fatty acid composition was significantly lower in LP treatment in phases 1 and 2. However, there was no significant difference among treatments in phase 3. The results of this study underscore the importance of AA supplementation when implementing a low-protein diet during the early growth phase (16-50 kg) in pigs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.436-446
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• 2020

In this study, we verified the effects of organic amendment application based on soil testing in potato cultivation. The application rate of organic amendments was determined based on the inorganicization rate of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium in the organic amendments. There was no significant difference in the length, stalk number, stalk diameter, and leaf color of potato plants under organic amendment application compared with those under chemical fertilization. The quantity of potato tubers and yield of marketable tubers under organic amendment application were higher than those under chemical fertilization. The top fresh weight and top-to-root ratio were the highest under organic amendment application, followed by those under chemical fertilization and the control. The inorganic nitrogen content in the leaves and stems of potato plants was the highest under chemical fertilization. There was no difference in the phosphoric acid content between the potatoes under chemical fertilization and those under organic amendment application. The potassium content in potatoes was higher under chemical fertilization than that under organic amendment application. While the change trend of inorganic nitrogen content in the roots was similar to that in the leaves and stems, the potatoes under organic amendment application, with the highest yield, showed the highest dry weight. The tuber weight showed a positive correlation with plant length, stalk number, and stalk diameter. The higher the weight of the tuber, the higher the weight of the marketable tuber, and the higher the top fresh weight, the higher the yield. Therefore, to increase yield, it is necessary to supply nutrients to improve the top fresh weight to the optimal level. There was no difference in the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and potassium between the potatoes under chemical fertilization and those under organic amendment application. The utilization efficiency of phosphoric acid was increased by 0.1% in potatoes under organic amendment application compared with that under other treatments. Regarding soil chemistry after harvest, the soils under organic amendment application showed a higher electrical conductivity and higher nitrogen and phosphoric acid content than those under other treatments. Therefore, the organic amendment method used in this study can be an alternative to chemical fertilization. It is also advantageous for the cultivation of subsequent crops in potato fields.