• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 제 6기 2013 ~ 2015 국민건강영양조사 자료 중 12 ~ 18세 청소년을 대상으로 아침식사 여부에 따른 영양소 및 식품 섭취 상태와 식사의 질을 분석하였다. 총 1,281명이 본 연구의 대상자였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 본 연구대상자의 평균 연령은 아침식사섭취군 (EBF)과 아침식사결식군 (SBF)이 각각 14.90세와 15.45세로 아침식사결식군의 연령이 아침식사섭취군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고 (p < 0.0001), 가구 소득수준도 군간 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다 (p < 0.002). 하지만 신체계측치인 키, 체중, 체질량지수, 허리둘레는 군간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 본 연구대상자의 식습관 조사 결과, 외식 빈도는 전체 연구대상자에서 주 5~6회가 가장 높았고 (46.1%), 그 다음 하루에 1회 (30.6%), 하루에 2회 이상 (17.7%) 순이었다. 저녁 결식 여부는 아침식사섭취군이 5.9%, 아침식사결식군이 12.1%로 아침식사결식군이 아침식사섭취군에 비해 저녁 결식 비율이 높았다. 본 연구에서 식품군별 섭취량에 대한 분석 결과, 전체 식품 섭취량은 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.0001). 또한 곡류 및 그 제품과 당류 및 그 제품 섭취량은 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군보다 유의적으로 높았다. 또한, 채소류 및 난류도 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 그 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았다. 본 연구대상자의 1일 열량 섭취량은 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고 (p < 0.0001), 1일 단백질 섭취량도 아침식사섭취군과 아침식사결식군이 각각 84.17 g, 68.46 g으로 아침식사섭취군에서 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.0001). 또한, 지방과 탄수화물 섭취량도 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 유의적으로 높았으나, 에너지 대비 다량 영양소 섭취 비율에서는 지방 섭취 비율이 아침식사결식군에서 유의적으로 높았고 (p < 0.0001), 탄수화물 섭취 비율은 아침식사섭취군에서 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.002). 전체 연구대상자의 INQ 값 중 1 미만인 영양소는 비타민 C와 칼슘으로 나타났고, 본 연구 대상자의 평균 영양소 섭취 비율 (MAR)도 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며 (p < 0.0001), 영양 질적 지수(INQ) 결과 인이 아침식사섭취군이 아침식사결식군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다 (p < 0.0001). 본 연구결과를 통해 향후 청소년기의 아침결식률을 제고하기 위한 다양한 방안모색이 필요하며, 이를 과학적으로 뒷받침할 수 있는 임상연구가 시행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.175-185
• /
• 2007

기술 가정 교과서 내용 중 조리실습 단원에 제시된 일품요리를 대상으로 에너지 함량, 에너지 구성비, 그리고 단백질과 비타민 무기질의 영양적정성을 분석하였다. 9개 출판사에서 발행된 중학교 1학년과 3학년, 그리고 고등학교 1학년 교과서 총 27종을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 일품요리는 학교 현장에서 조리실습 수업시간에 자주, 많이 활용되는 제재임에도 불구하고, 교과서에 제시된 일품요리, 그 중에서도 한국음식 일품요리는 그 수가 매우 적었다. 그리고 게재된 일품요리 가운데 많은 수가 청소년의 하루 에너지필요추정량의 1/3에 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났고, 에너지 구성비의 경우 유부초밥, 비빕밥, 떡국, 국수장국의 4가지 음식을 제외하고 적정 비율을 갖추지 못한 것으로 확인되었다. 교과서 게재 일품요리의 INQ 분석 결과, 단백질과 인은 1을 초과하는 음식이 많았고, 비타민 $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_6$는 전혀 포함하지 않은 음식이 대부분을 차지하였다. 그리고 한국인의 섭취부족 영양소로 지목되는 칼슘과 철 역시 분석 대상 일품요리 대부분에서 충분하지 못한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제31권9호
• /
• pp.1468-1480
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional intake of people in rural areas using 24-hour recall method. Kyungki Yeoju, Kangwon Whengsung, Chungbuk Chungju, Kyungnam Ulju, and Junbuk Jungup were selected for this study. The results were as follows 1) The mean daily energy intake was 2055.7kcal for male, 1703.2kcal for female. Fat intake were 43.0g for male, 32.7g for (female and protein intake was 74.5g for male 61.5g for female. Nutrient intake of Ulju residents were the highest and that of Whengsung and Yeoju residents were the lowest. Nutrient intake decreased significantly in elderly over 70 years. 2) Nutrients consumed below 80% of Korean RDA were Ca, Vit A, riboflavin and Vit E. Ulju residents consumed significantly higher protein, Ca, P compared to other area residents. P, Fe, Vit C intake of adults male were significantly higher than those of elderly over 80 years. Vit A, thiamin and riboflavin consumption of adults female were also significantly higher than those of elderly over 80 years. Ca, Vit A, riboflavin and Vit I were consumed below the Korean RDA in both male and female. 3) Average CPF ratio of energy intake was 69.2 : 14 : 16.8. Energy intake ratio from carbohydrate was significantly lower in Ulju residents compared to Yeoju and Jungup residents. Energy intake ratio from protein was significantly higher in Ulju area than the other areas. Carbohydrate dependency was increased with age, meanwhile fat dependency was decreased with age. 4) The mean adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, were significantly different among areas : the highest was 0.81 in Ulju, the lowest was 0.65 in Whengsung. Adults of 20-49 years showed the highest MAR of 0.76 and the lowest MAR was 0.52 in over 80 years group. The indexes of nutritional quality(INQ) was higher in 01;u area than the other areas, and INQ showed the tendency to decrease with increasing age. Especially, there were significant decrease in INQ of all nutrients except Vit A with age. Based on these results, it is evident that people in rural area did not consume enough nutrients. Specially, dietary intake of Vit A, Vit B$_2$, Vit E and Ca were not adequate. (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1468-1480, 1998)

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.35-52
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 춘천지역에 살고 있는 고등학생들의 식습관과 영양소 섭취 실태를 평가하기 위하여 318명의 대상자들에게 설문조사와 24시간 회상법을 이용하여 식이조사를 하였다. 조사대상자들의 $30.8\%$는 아침식사를 자주 결식하였으며, $28.0\%$는 하루 한번 이상 자주 간식을 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 하루 평균 에너지 섭취량은 1740kca1이며 열량에 기여한 영양소의 비율은 탄수화물이 $61.6\%$, 단백질은 $16.0\%$, 지방은$23.1\%$였다. 칼슘과 철분의 섭취량은 부족했으며 특히 이들 영양소의 급원식품은 식물성식품에서의 섭취비율이 높아 이로 인한 체내이용율은 더 낮은 것으로 본다. 권장량의 $75\%$ 미만을 섭취한 사람들의 비율은 칼슘, 철분, 리보플라빈의 경우 모두 $68\%$이상이었다. 전체적인 식사의 질을 평가하는 지표로 쓰이는 평균적정섭취비(MAR)는 남학생이 0.79, 여학생이 0.78로 나타났다. 영양의 질적지수(INQ)는 칼슘(0.67), 철분(0.82), 리보플라빈(0.90)을 제외한 대부분 영양소들은 1이상이었다. 영양소 섭취수준이 영양권장량의 $75\%$ 미만인 경우는 영양소의 섭취가 부족함을 의미한다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 춘천지역에 있는 일부 고등학생들은 많은 영양소 중에서도 특히 칼슘, 철분, 리보플라빈의 영양소를 충분히 섭취하지 않고 있음을 알수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.739-746
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 강원도 강릉시에 위치한 중학교 2학년에 재학중인 남녀 학생 270명을 대상으로 3일간 식사기록법을 이용하여 식이섭취를 조사한 후 1일 평균 영양소 섭취량을 파악하고 다양한 방법에 의해 영양소 섭취를 기준으로 식사의 질을 평가하였다. 조사대상자들의 하루 평균 에너지 섭취는 2114$\pm$502 kcal로 남학생은 2256$\pm$608 kcal 여학생은 1961$\pm$548 kcal로 조사되었으며 열량에 기여하는 탄수화물 : 단백질: 지질의 비율은 남학생이 61.3:16.8:21.9 여학생은 61.8:16.2:22.0으로 나타났다. 단백질은 71.7 g을 섭취하는 것으로 나타났는데 그중 동물성 식품으로 45.8%를 섭취하는 것으로 조사되어 질적으로 우수함을 알수 있었다. 영양권잘양 대비 영양소별 섭취량은 단백질 인, 비타민 B$_1$나이아신, 비타민 C는 권장량을 충분히 섭취하는 것으로 나타났으나 칼슘, 철분, 비타민A, 비타민 B$_2$는 권장량에 미달되었으며 칼슘 철분은 권장량의 75% 이하였다. 특히 칼슘은 47.3%로 칼슘 결핍 현상이 우려되는 수준이었으며 모든 영양소에 남년간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 영양섭취량을 권장량에 대한 비율로 나타낸 NAR은 모든 영양소에서 1보다 적게 나타났다. 특히 칼슘은 0.45로 심각성을 여실히 드러냈으며 비타민A는 0.59 철분은 0.54로 낮은 값을 나타냈고 비타민 A는 남녀간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. (p<0.001). 에너지 섭취 차이를 고려한 영양의 질적지수인 INQ 값은 단백질, 인, 비타민B$_2$는 1보다 낮아 에너지 섭취가 충분하더라도 영양부족인 것으로 조사되어 대상자들의 영양결핍 현상이 우려되며 그 개선안이 시급할것으로 생각된다. 영양권장량의 75% 이상 섭취한 집단에서 INQ값은 칼슘과 비타민 B$_2$를 제외한 모든 영양소에서 1이 넘는 것으로 나타났고 권장량의 50% 미만을 섭취하는 경우는 모든 영양소에서 1 미만으로 나타났으며 특히 칼슘, 철분과 비타민 A는 매우 낮은 값을 보였다. 이상의 조사 결과일부 청소년 중학생들은 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 A 그리고 비타민 B$_2$의 섭취가 권장량에 비해 부족한 것으로 나타났고 특히 칼슘과 철분의 섭취량은 심히 낮아 청소년들의 성장과 건강에 악영향을 끼칠 것으로 보인다. 따라서 이들 영양소에 대한 식생활의 영양적인 관리가 필요하며 학생과 학부모를 대상으로 영양교육이 절실히 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine nutritional status of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital according to meal type and eating ability. Methods: Subjects were 47 female patients aged over 65 ($79.3{\pm}7.1$ years) who resided in a long-term care hospital in Seoul. Thirty seven patients who ate diet orally were grouped according to meal type (27 general diet and 10 soft diet) and eating ability (26 eating by oneself and 11 eaten with help) and 10 were on tube feeding. Nutritional status was determined by food consumption and mid-arm circumference. Results: The mean adequacy ratios (MARs) of 12 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C) were 0.687 for general diet, 0.565 for soft diet, 0.680 for eating by oneself and 0.677 for eaten with help, which were significantly lower than 0.982 for tube feeding (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The patients on tube feeding had significantly lower % arm circumference compared to those who ate general diet (84.0% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p < 0.05). Nutrients intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were not different between meal types as well as eating ability. The most insufficiently consumed nutrients by the patients on diet were folic acid, vitamin $B_2$, and calcium (NAR 0.334~0.453, 0.515~ 0.539, and 0.516~0.533, respectively). Conclusions: The results suggested that regardless of meal type or eating ability, the subjects who were on diets in this study might have inadequate intake of folic acid as well as vitamin $B_2$, and calcium, which need to be reflected on menu planning. The measurement of mid-arm circumference presented more risk of malnutrition of patients on tube feeding than those on diets, despite apparently better nutrient consumption.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.543-554
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the satisfaction of body image, dietary habits, nutrition intake and dietary quality according to body image of university students (n = 290). The subjects (male = 178, female = 112) were classified to lean, normal and overweight/fat groups according to body image. The weight, body fat and body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the students who recognized their body image as 'overweight/fat'. The satisfaction of body image, interest of weight control and experience of weight control were significantly higher in students who recognized their body image as 'normal' in both the male and female subjects. The intakes of nutrients, dietary habits and life styles were not different according to body image. In the male subjects, the niacin intake density, the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of vitamin B1 and the dietary diversity score (DDS) in the students who recognized their body image as 'overweight/fat' were significantly lower than in students who recognized their body image as 'normal' and 'lean'. In female subjects, no significant differences in nutrient intakes, NAR, MAR and DDS were observed according to body image. Future studies with a larger sample size are needed for further assessment of the relationship between nutritional status/diet quality and body image in university students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.286-298
• /
• 2006

The study aimed to identify major factors related to global self-rated health of the community-dwelling elderly people in rural areas. Interviews were conducted with 433 persons over 65 years of age. The socio-economic characteristics, chronic disease status, measures of functional and mental health, life satisfaction, health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, exercise, social activity, dietary habit, and food intakes were analyzed to determine their influence on self-rated health index. Data on food intake were obtained through the 24-hour recall method. The self-rated health of rural elderly was poor or very poor as reported by 42.6% and 52.4% of the men and women, respectively. Poor self-rated health was found to be related to elderly aged $65{\sim}74$, female, absence of work, more chronic diseases, dependence on Instrumental Activity Daily Living (IADL), higher mental unhealthy days, lower current life satisfaction, less social activity, lower dietary habit scores, lower intake of total food, fruit, eggs, fishes & shell fishes, vitamin C (%RDA), and Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that poor self-rated health index is significantly associated with more chronic diseases, mental unhealthy days, gastrointestinal disease, musculoskeletal disease, less social activity, and lower intake of fruits. The results also suggested that improving the nutritional status and functional ability, and reducing the burden of chronic diseases are beneficial to the self-rated health index of the elderly.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2000

The study was curried out to collect information to establish a framework for nutrition education for the prevention of chronic degenerative disease. We analyzed differences in diet quality, food habits and health status of workers by work condition. Anthrometric parameters of height, weight and body fat were measured and biochemical parameters including glucose, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT and hemoglobin were determinded for 194 subjects. To assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of workers, dietary intake was measured by the day 24-hour recall method, Average daily nutrient intake, except for phos-phorous and vitamin C was lower than Korean RDA. The obesity related behavior score was significantly better in laborers than in office workers, while chronic degenerative diseases related to food habit score was significantly better in laborers than in office workers, while chronic degenerative diseases related to the food habit score was beet in offices workers than in laborers. Blood pressure, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in laborer than in office workers. Dietary variety score (DVS) food composition group score(FCGS), mean adequacy ratio(MAR) of office worker were better than those of labor workers. When diet quality was evaluated by FCGS(food composition group score) 16.0% of the subjects acquired 5 points and 14.4% of the subjects acquired 2 points.　MAR and INQ showed a significantly positive correlation with DVS and FCGS . This results indicated that the onset possibility of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among chronic degenerative disease was higher in laborers than in office workers, while the onset possibility of obesity was higher in office workers than in laborers. In conclusion the overall diet quality of office workers is betters than that of laborers, therefore, nutrition education for prevention of chronic degenerative disease of industrial workers needs to be more focused on the improvement of the health status of laborers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.554-567
• /
• 2001

It is necessary to compare the dietary characteristics among different age groups because different nutritional problems require different dietary applications. This study was performed to identify the nutritional characteristics of Korean diet among different age groups. The study subjects consisted of preschool children(PC), elementary school children(EC), high school students(HS), college students(CS), and adults over 30 years old living in Seoul and the surrounding areas. The subjects over 30 years old were classified to 30-49 years, 50-69 years, and over 70 years. A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method and data were collected from 2392 subjects. Energy intake was as much as 1771kcal for PC, 2139kcal for EC, 2475kcal for HS, 2276kcal for CS, 1860kcal for 30-49 years, 1715kcal for 50-69 years, 1326kcal for over 70 years. The subjects of PC, EC, HS, and CS groups got about 25% of energy from fat, but the subjects in 30-49 years, 16%, those in 50-69 years, 15%, and those over 70 years, 13%. The energy consumption from protein was about 15% in each age group. Percent of energy intake as Korean RDA was greater than 100% for PC, EC, HS, and male CS groups. The percent intake for RDA of calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B$_2$was low in most age group. Iron intake was inadequate in female of PC and CS groups, and subjects in 30-49 years and over 70 years. Mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was 0.9 in PC, and decreased with increase of age. Therefore MAR did not reach to 0.7 among subjects over 70 years. Index of nutritional quality(INQ) for calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B was below 1 in most age groups. From these results, major nutritional problems of each age group were overall inadequate intakes of calcium and iron, excess consumption of protein and fat for PC, EC, HS, and CS groups, and inadequate nutrients intake of subjects over 70 years old. According to these results, each age group seems to need specific nutritional intervention. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 554~567, 2001)