• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.655-661
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• 2010

The nutraceutical role of fermented omija (Schizandra chinensis) beverage (FOB) was determined through the analysis of fibrinolytic and alcohol metabolizing activities, nitrite scavenging activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Firstly, FOB increased fibrinolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner and indicated angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 94.8% at 20% FOB (0.6 mg/mL). In addition, the inhibitory activities of FOB on $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase were determined to be 100% at 100% FOB (3 mg/mL) and 49% at 60% FOB (1.8 mg/mL), respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity of FOB was about 96.1%, 72.3%, and 68.3% on pH 1.2, 3.0, and 6.0 at 100% FOB, respectively. To determine influence of FOB on alcohol metabolism, the generating activities of reduced-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured. Facilitating rate of ADH activity was 70.3% at 50% FOB, but ALDH activity was not affected. These results revealed that FOB has a strong alcohol metabolizing activity, and fibrinolytic and nitrite scavenging activities and exhibits the angiotensin converting enzyme, $\alpha$-amylase, and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1106-1114
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• 2008

The antioxidants activities in water and 95% ethanol extracts of wa-song (Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) dried by sun, hot air and lyophilization were measured in vitro reaction system. In reaction system containing linoleic acid, the antioxidant activities against lipid oxidation enhanced in proportion to storage time. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts was higher than that of water extracts. In the drying methods, wa-song extracts showed higher antioxidant activity in the other of hot air-dried, lyophilized and sun-dried. The lipid oxidation system containing the promoting factors, such as $Fe^{+2}$ and $Cu^{+2}$ions, also showed that the ethanol extract of hot air-dried wa-song possessed the highest antioxidant activity. Soybean oil and lard being added with various levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/100 g) of the ethanol extract of hot air-dried wa-song were stored at $60^{\circ}C$ (for 28 days) or $180^{\circ}C$ (for 48 hr). Its extract appeared to lower the acid value of soybean oil, wheras it failed to lower the acid value for lard at early storage time, but it was lower than control and BHT after 28 days. Anicidine value and peroxide value were lower soybean and lard added wa-song extract than control and BHT for storage for 28 days at $60^{\circ}C$. In 28 days, its value was significantly decreased in proportion to sample concentration. TBA value was increased during storage time at $60^{\circ}C$, but it was significantly decreased by sample concentration after storage 36 hours at $180^{\circ}C$ storage. Therefore results suggest ethanol extract of hot air-dried wa-song could be potential candidates for natural antioxidants for materials containing lipid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1295-1301
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the mutagenic, antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effect of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL). CL was extracted with 70% ethanol and then further fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antimutagenic, cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of CL extracts were measured by using Ames test, SRB method, and the tumor growth inhibition test. CL extracts did not show any mutagenicity in the Ames test; however, 70% ethanol extracts and its fractions had strong antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The ethyl acetate fraction of CL (200 ${\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 72.1% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain, whereas 69.6% and 67.0% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain. In anticancer effects, the cytotoxicity of CL extract and its fractions against cancer cell lines including human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human lung carcinoma (A549) and transformed primary human embryo kidney (293) were investigated. The treatment of 1 mg/mL CL ethyl acetate fraction had the highest cytotoxicity of 74.5%, 70.7% and 80.3% against HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 cells, respectively. In contrast, the extract and its fractions showed only 2$\sim$31% cytotoxicity for a normal human kidney cell line (293). In vivo anticancer effect of CL extract was tested using Balb/c mice transplanted sarcoma-180 cells. CL ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition rate of 56.4% at the 50 mg/kg concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1331-1335
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• 2009

We have studied the anti-diabetic effects of medicinal plant water extracts on hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes such as glucokinase (GK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitor is usually used to prevent and treat type II diabetes; thus, anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity of medicinal plant water extracts was assayed. The hepatic cytosol faction of a type II diabetic animal (Goto-Kakizaki rat) was used in GK and ACC activity assays. The medicinal plants were Lycium chinense (JGP), Discorea japonica Thunb. (SY), Pyrus pyrifolia (YSB), Cornus officinalis (SSY), Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR. (MDP), Cordyceps militaris (DCH), and Acanthopanax senticosus (GSO). JGP, SY, YSB, and SSY water extracts increased the hepatic GK activity and all medicinal plant water extracts led to an increase in hepatic ACC activity. YSB, SSY, MDP, and GSO water extracts showed significantly higher anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity than control samples. The highest anti-$\alpha$-glucosidase activity was observed in GSO water extract and the anti-$\alpha$-glucoside activity was higher than that of Acarbose (reference $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor). We suggest that JGP, SY, YSB, and SSY water extracts may exert an anti-diabetic effect by enhancing the glucose metabolism and that YSB, MDP and GSO may be used as natural $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitors in type II diabetic conditions. Increased ACC activity by plant water extracts may provide additional anti-diabetic effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.555-562
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the effects of Undaria pinnatifida (UP), Petalonia binghamiae (PB) and Punctaria latifolia (PL) extracts on the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric and breast cancer cells. AGS, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml concentrations of the extracts to determine their anti-proliferative effects, using the MTT assay. The UP, PB and PL extracts inhibited proliferation of AGS, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the PL extract was found to be the most effective. DAPI staining was also performed to determine changes in the cell nucleus. Further, the AGS, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml of only the PL extract. DAPI staining showed increased chromatin condensation, which is indicative of apoptosis, in the 200 μg/ml group. The expression of the Bax, Bcl-2, and PARP proteins in AGS, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells treated with the PL extract was also determined by western blot analysis. The expression of Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein) and cleaved-PARP was increased, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic protein) was decreased compared with the control. These findings indicate that the PL extract may have potential as an alternative anticancer drug and nutraceutical.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to analyze moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, vitamin C and sugar changes in selected Korean chestnut cultivars such as Danteack, Deabo, Seokchu, Okkwang and Byunggo during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-10^{\circ}C$ for 10 months. The moisture contents of selected Korean chestnut cultivars ranged from 49.9 to 57.4%. The moisture content of Seokchu was the highest. The contents of moisture in white kernel were higher than that in yellow kernel. The content of moisture showed decreasing tendency after 10 months of storage. The crude protein and crude lipid contents in whole kernel of selected Korean chestnut cultivars were $3.3{\sim}4.2%$ and $0.3{\sim}1.6%$, respectively. The crude protein content of Deabo was the highest. The crude protein in Danteack, Seokchu, Okkwang and Byunggo was increased during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 months, while that in whole kernel of Deabo was decreased and no changes in crude protein in yellow kernels of Deabo were observed. The crude protein in Okkwang was increased during storage at $-10^{\circ}C$ for 10 months. The cold storage was found to have higher composition change of crude protein than the freezing storage. The content of crude lipid in Daebo and Byunggo was decreased during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-10^{\circ}C$. Yellow kernels of Deabo, Okkwang and Byunggo were found to have higher crude lipid content than white kernels. The vitamin C content also decreased during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-10^{\circ}C$ and the decrease in vitamin C content was higher at $4^{\circ}C$ than $-10^{\circ}C$. Vitamin C was not detected after 3 months storage at $-10^{\circ}C$. The sugar content increased at the latter period storage at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-10^{\circ}C$. The sugar content of selected Korean chestnut cultivars ranged from $36.2{\sim}44.3%$ and Dantaek had the highest sugar content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to select suitable cultivars and evaluate growth characteristics to get basic information for sprouting peanut. On sprouting peanut, it showed a rapid increase in trans-resveratrol content that has effects on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular in mouse. For this experiment, characteristics of peanut sprouts were tested in 37 cultivars grown for 7 days at $26^{\circ}C$ temperature. There were a lots of variations in the growth characteristics among cultivars as followers : The range of 100 grain weight was 56 to 142 g, hypocotyl length was 4.3 cm to 5.8 cm, diameter of hypocotyl was 5.0 to 8.0 mm, epicotyl length was 0.8 cm to 4.6 cm, seedling ratio per seed number was 84% to 100%, weight per seedling was 4.9 g to 8.4 g, the rate of hypocotyl cleavage was 0% to 46%, the content of trans-resveratrol was $22.5\;{\mu}g/g$ to $88.2\;{\mu}g/g$ and sprout yield was 360% to 820%. The selection points considered were high sprout yield, high seedling rate, high resveratrol content, low brownish cotyledon, no hypocotyl cleavage, and fat hypocotyl etc. The best cultivar selected was 'Jokwang' that showed 7.8 mm diameter, clean cotyledon color, 100% seedling rate, 0% hypocotyl cleavage, $63.3\;{\mu}g/g$ resveratrol, and 820% sprouting yield. This cultivar was expected to be of use as a new food and nutraceutical material. Relationship between growth characteristics showed that root length had significant positive correlations with epicotyl length, resveratrol content and sprouting yield but negative correlations with hypocotyl diameter and cleavage. Hundred grain weight showed negative correlations with resveratrol content, seedling rate and sprouting yield but positively correlated with curved hypocotyl rate and hypocotyl cleavage positively. This result showed small grain seed will be more appropriate for sprouting peanut.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.371-379
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• 2012

This study was designed to explore new nutraceutical and cosmetic resources possessing biological activities from the plant kingdom. To fulfill this purpose, we analyzed the anti-oxidative, anti-melanogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Zanthoxylum schinifolium extract (ZSE) and its solvent fractions using in vitro assays and cell culture model systems. Three kinds of ZSE treated with methanol, ethanol, and water exhibited potent anti-oxidative activities through DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and inhibited in vitro DOPA oxidation. Furthermore, Z. schinifolium methanol extract (ZSME) inhibited the ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone, which induces melanin contents in B16F10 cells. Its anti-melanogenic activity originates from the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity and melanogenesis related protein expression. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in the RAW 264.7 cell line was also ameliorated by ZSME treatment in a dose dependent manner. Among the four solvent fractions of ZSME treated with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, three fractions, except water, showed significant anti-melanogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Taken together, these results provide important new insights into Z. schinifolium, indicating that it possesses numerous biological activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-melanogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it may well serve as a promising material in the field of nutraceuticals and cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1238-1243
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• 2008

The root of Adenophora triphylla is widely used as traditional herbal medicine in Korea. We studied its effects on sodium nitroprusside (SNP) cytotoxicity and antioxidant genes expression in HepG2 cells. To study whether Adenophora triphylla ethylacetate extract (ATea) inhibited NO-induced cell death, HepG2 cells were preincubated for 24 hr with 50 and 100 $\mu$g/mL ATea followed by 24-hr exposure to 0.5 mM SNP (exogenous NO donor). No-induced cytotoxicity was inhibited by pretreatment of ATea, as assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT assay). We further investigated the effects of ATea on mRNA levels of various enzymes of the antioxidant system such as Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD 1), Mn SOD (SOD 2), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase and several enzymes of the glutathione metabolism [glutathione reductase (GR), $\gamma$-glutamyl-cystein synthetase (GCS), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase ($\gamma$-GT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)] by RT-PCR. CAT, GCS, GR and G6PD mRNA levels were increased after treatment with ATea. The SOD 1, SOD 2, GPx, GST and $\gamma$-GT mRNA levels were not affected in ATea-treated HepG2 cells. We concluded that ATea have an indirect antioxidant effects, perhaps via induction of CAT, GCS, GR and G6PD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1174-1181
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• 2008

Garlics were aged at 60, 70, 80, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 1, 3 and 6 days. Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical components and antioxidant activities, such as DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power of hot water and ethanol extracts. The Hunter L, a and b values were significantly lower in sample aged at higher temperature and for longer time. In initiation of aging, the share force was the lowest in sample aged at $90^{\circ}C(85.70{\pm}1.44\;kg/cm^2)$ and it increased for 6 days to $411.30{\pm}13.90\;kg/cm^2$ in aging. The pH of garlic was acidified at increasing aged temperature and periods. In sample aged for 6 days at $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$, pH was 6.12 and 3.90, respectively. Contents of total phenolics and flavonoids also increased in sample aged at higher temperature and for longer time. Their contents increased about 3.5 and 9.1 times higher in sample aged for 6 days at $90^{\circ}C$ than sample aged for 6 days at $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Total pyruvate contents were fluctuated by aging temperature and periods. DPPH scavenging activity was increased in sample aged at higher temperature and longer time. The highest activity of DPPH scavenging showed $87.48{\pm}0.20%$ in sample aged for 6 days at $90^{\circ}C$. Similar results were observed in reducing power activity. It was estimated that such increases in anti-oxidant activities in aged garlics may come from actions of phenolics, flavonoids and browning compounds in them.