• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.435-449
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• 2020

To effectively extract the vast wind resource, offshore wind turbines are designed with large rotor and slender tower, which makes them vulnerable to external vibration sources such as wind and wave loads. Substantial research efforts have been devoted to mitigate the unwanted vibrations of offshore wind turbines to ensure their serviceability and safety in the normal working condition. However, most previous studies investigated the vibration control of wind turbines in one direction only, i.e., either the out-of-plane or in-plane direction. In reality, wind turbines inevitably vibrate in both directions when they are subjected to the external excitations. The studies on both the in-plane and out-of-plane vibration control of wind turbines are, however, scarce. In the present study, the NREL 5 MW wind turbine is taken as an example, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) model of the wind turbine is developed in ABAQUS. To simultaneously control the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations induced by the combined wind and wave loads, another carefully designed (i.e., tuned) spring and dashpot are added to the perpendicular direction of each Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) system that is used to control the vibrations of the tower and blades in one particular direction. With this simple modification, a bi-directional TMD system is formed and the vibrations in both the out-of-plane and in-plane directions are simultaneously suppressed. To examine the control effectiveness, the responses of the wind turbine without control, with separate TMD system and the proposed bi-directional TMD system are calculated and compared. Numerical results show that the bi-directional TMD system can simultaneously control the out-of-plane and in-plane vibrations of the wind turbine without changing too much of the conventional design of the control system. The bi-directional control system therefore could be a cost-effective solution to mitigate the bi-directional vibrations of offshore wind turbines.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권5호
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• pp.693-707
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• 2022

Bonded joints have proven their performance against conventional joining processes such as welding, riveting and bolting. The single-lap joint is the most widely used to characterize adhesive joints in tensile-shear loadings. However, the high stress concentrations in the adhesive joint due to the non-linearity of the applied loads generate a bending moment in the joint, resulting in high stresses at the adhesive edges. Geometric optimization of the bonded joint to reduce this high stress concentration prompted various researchers to perform geometric modifications of the adhesive and adherends at their free edges. Modifying both edges of the adhesive (spew) and the adherends (bevel) has proven to be an effective solution to reduce stresses at both edges and improve stress transfer at the inner part of the adhesive layer. The majority of research aimed at improving the geometry of the plate and adhesive edges has not considered the effect of temperature and water absorption in evaluating the strength of the joint. The objective of this work is to analyze, by the finite element method, the stress distribution in an adhesive joint between two 2024-T3 aluminum plates. The effects of the adhesive fillet and adherend bevel on the bonded joint stresses were taken into account. On the other hand, degradation of the mechanical properties of the adhesive following its exposure to moisture and temperature was found. The results clearly showed that the modification of the edges of the adhesive and of the bonding agent have an important role in the durability of the bond. Although the modification of the adhesive and bonding edges significantly improves the joint strength, the simultaneous exposure of the joint to temperature and moisture generates high stress concentrations in the adhesive joint that, in most cases, can easily reach the failure point of the material even at low applied stresses.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2023

As well-known, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a powerful tool for parameter identification with limited measurements. However, traditional EKF is not applicable when the external excitation is unknown. By using least-squares estimation (LSE) for force identification, an EKF with unknown input (EKF-UI) approach was recently proposed by the authors. In this approach, to ensure the influence matrix be of full column rank, the sensors have to be deployed at all the degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) corresponding to the unknown excitation, saying collocated measurements are required. However, it is not easy to guarantee that the sensors can be installed at all these locations. To circumvent this limitation, based on the idea of first-order-holder discretization (FOHD), an improved EKF with unknown input (IEKF-UI) approach is proposed in this study for the simultaneous identification of structural parameters and unknown excitation. By using projection matrix, an improved observation equation is obtained. Few displacement measurements are fused into the observation equation to avoid the so-called low-frequency drift. To avoid the ill-conditioning problem for force identification without collocated measurements, the idea of FOHD is employed. The recursive solution of the structural states and unknown loads is then analytically derived. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated via several numerical examples. Results show that the proposed approach is capable of satisfactorily identifying the parameters of linear and nonlinear structures and the unknown excitation applied to them.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1299-1308
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• 1994

본 연구는 사장교의 차량하중에 의한 동적거동을 파악하고자 수치해석상 비교적 간단한 일본의 풍리(豊里)(Toyosato)대교(大橋)의 자료를 근거로하여 수치해석 대상모델을 구조형식별로, 여러가지 설계변수-즉, (1) 경간비, (2) 중앙경간장과 주탑높이와의 비, (3) 거어더의 강성, (4) 주탑의 강성, (5) 케이블의 강성-을 변화시켜 수치해석을 수행하여 동적거동을 파악하고, 그 결과를 가지고 설계변수의 영향 및 충격계수의 변화에 대하여 비교 분석하였다. 이때 변위 및 단면력의 영향선을 구하기 위한 해석은 전달행렬법을 이용하였으며, 동적해석에 있어서는 평면구조계의 집중질량계로 모델을 가정하여 차량과 교량의 운동방정식을 유도한 후 모드중첩법을 사용하여 각 질점에 대한 변위 및 단면력의 동적시간이력을 구하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2009

2차원 포텐셜 문제를 해석하기 위해 고차의 르장드르 형상함수에 기초를 둔 p-수렴 경계요소법이 제안되었다. p-수렴 경계요소법은 종래의 경계요소법에서 사용되는 형상함수와 성질이 다른 르장드르 다항식을 형상함수로 사용한다. p-수렴 유한요소법과 마찬가지로 고차의 형상함수에 따른 절점의 위치가 경계상에서 정해지지 않는다. 따라서 형상함수가 증가함에 따라 선형방정식을 구성하기 위한 수단으로 선점법을 이용하였다. p-수렴 경계요소법에서 선점법은 비대칭 계층적 선점법과 대칭 비계층적 선점법을 선택하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 선택점들은 형상함수가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 성질을 나타내며 계층적 또는 대칭적으로 선택될 수 있다. p-수렴 경계요소법에서 나타나는 특이 적분항을 계산하기 위해 special numeric quadrature technique와 semi-analytical integration technique를 사용하였다. 사각모서리부에서 특이성을 가지는 L-형 영역문제를 해석한 결과 적은 수의 자유도에서 기존문헌의 결과와 차이가 거의 없는 정도인 $10^{-2}%$단위 이하의 정확도를 보여주었다. 또한 같은 조건에서는 대칭형 선점의 위치를 이용해 계산한 값이 가장 높은 정확도를 보여주었다.