• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2015

The quality of steel plate products is determined by the number of defects and the process problems are estimated by shapes of defects. Therefore pinholes defects of cold rolled steel have to be controlled. In order to improve productivity and quality of products, within each production process, the product is inspected by an adequate inspection system individually in the lines of steelworks. Among a number of inspection systems, we focus on the pinholes detection system. In this paper, we propose an embedded system using FPGA which can detect pinholes defects. The proposed system is smaller and more flexible than a traditional system based on expensive frame grabbers and PC. In order to detect consecutive defects, FPGAs acquire two dimensional image and process the image in real time by using correlation of lines. The proposed pinholes detection algorithm decreases arithmetic operations of image processing and also we designed the hardware to shorten the data path between logics due to decreasing propagation delay. The experimental results show that the proposed embedded system detects the reliable number of pinholes in real time.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 1994

Experimental data are reported for charging and collection of NaCl aerosols in the 0.03- to $0.2{\mu}m$-geometric-mean-diameter range in 2-stage parallel-plate electrostatic precipitators. The NaCl aerosols are generated with geometric standard deviation of about 1.74 and particle generation rate of about 10^9 particles/see by the constant output atomizer and injected into the air flow in the clean wind-tunnel. The 2-stage parallel-plate electrostatic precipitator installed in the test section of the wind-tunnel is operated with a positive corona discharge. The NaCl aerosols in the channel flow are sampled and transported to the aerosol particle number concentration measurement system by using the isoaxial sampling and transport system constructed based on the Okazaki and Willeke design. The aerosol particle number concentration measurement system measures the size distribution of submicrometer aerosols by an electrical mobility detection technique. It is confirmed from comparing the measured collection efficiencies in this study and the predicted ones by our previous theoretical analysis that the predicted collection efficiencies agree well with the experimental ones. It is also found from the comparison that below about $0.02{\mu}m$ all particles are not charged and the uncharged particles are not collected, and consequently 2-stage parallel-plate electrostatic precipitators are not suitable for that particle size range.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1991

In this paper, the rotating plate method extracting signal and reconstructing original image was proposed. The rotating methode has cell detector array each of which has used in the medical diagnosis X-ray photography. The major problem using the simple horizontal moving or non-moving methode is the size and number of detector cells which have the considerable affection on the sharpness and resolution of the reconstructed image. Secondary, the estimated pixel values of non-detected real points which are placed between detector cells will be the distorted pixels in the reconstructed image. Therefore, the proposed rotating plate method has the exact distribution on the uncertain pixels which were reconstructed by conventional methods to solve there problems. And then, the image using the rotated plate's cell out put signal was reconstructed on the computer simulation. The method will rotated the detector array plate to solve the reconstruction from the detector size and number of conventional methods. The result of simulation has estimated the original pixel position and 81 pixel/mm resolution which the reconsiderlation of the detector's moving orientation, the proposed method has 25 pixel/mm resolution. These results have been represented by 3-D computer graphics.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 판 형상의 구조물에 발생한 균열의 형상과 개수 등을 진단할 수 있는 Inter-Digital Transducer (IDT)형 Lamb 파 센서를 제안하고 그 타당성을 실험적으로 검증하였다. IDT형 Lamb 파 센서는 기존의 패치형 압전 센서보다 작동 주파수의 조절이 용이하고, finger의 형상에 의해 지향성을 조절할 수 있다는 등의 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 무지향성을 가지는 환상형 IDT형 센서와 높은 지향성을 가지는 사각형 IDT형 센서를 설계, 제작하고, 이들에 의해 알루미늄 판을 전파하는 Lamb 파의 전파시간과 진폭의 변화를 측정, 분석하여 판 내에 발생한 균열의 길이, 개수 및 각도를 평가하고, 제안한 IDT 센서의 효용성을 고찰하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제3권9호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2014

차량 번호판 인식 시스템은 복잡한 교통환경의 효율적 관리를 위해 발전되어 현재 많은 곳에 사용되고 있다. 그러나 조명, 잡음, 배경변화, 번호판 훼손 등 환경변화에 큰 영향을 받기 때문에 제한된 환경에서만 동작하며, 실시간으로 사용하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 조명변화와 잡음에 강건하며 빠른 번호판 인식을 위한 휴리스틱 분할 알고리즘 및 이를 이용한 실시간 번호판 인식 시스템을 제안한다. 첫 번째 단계는 Haar-like 특징과 Adaboost를 이용하여 번호판을 검출한다. 이 방법은 적분영상을 이용하며 케스케이드 구조로 구성되어 있어 빠른 검출이 가능하다. 두 번째 단계에서 적응 히스토그램 평활화 방법과 노이즈를 경감시키는 바이레터럴 필터를 이용하여 번호판의 종류를 결정한 후, 번호판 종류에 따라 적분영상을 이용한 적응 이진화, 픽셀 프로젝션, 사전지식 등을 기반으로 빠르고 정확한 문자 분할을 한다. 세번째 단계에서는 HOG와 신경망 알고리즘을 이용하여 숫자를 인식하고, SVM을 이용해 한글을 인식한다. 실험결과는 번호판검출에 94.29%의 검출률, 2.94%의 오경보율을 보이며, 문자분할에서는 검출률 97.23%, 2.94%의 오경보율을 보였다. 문자인식에서 평균 인식률은 98.38%이다. 평균 운용시간은 140ms으로 빠르고 강인한 실시간 시스템을 만들 수 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.319-334
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• 2023

Localizing damages is an essential task to monitor the health of the structures since they may not be able to operate anymore. Among the damage detection techniques, non-destructive methods are considerably more preferred than destructive methods since damage can be located without affecting the structural integrity. However, these methods have several drawbacks in terms of detecting abilities, time consumption, cost, and hardware or software requirements. Employing artificial intelligence techniques could overcome such issues and could provide a powerful damage detection model if the technique is utilized correctly. In this study, the crack localization in flat and folded plate structures has been conducted by employing a Backpropagated Artificial Neural Network (BPANN). For this purpose, cracks with 18 different dimensions in thin, flat, and folded structures having 15⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰, and 60⁰ folding angle have been modeled and subjected to free vibration analysis by employing the Classical Plate Theory with Finite Element Method. A Four-nodded quadrilateral element having six degrees of freedom has been considered to represent those structures mathematically. The first ten natural frequencies have been obtained regarding healthy and cracked structures. To localize the crack, the ratios of the frequencies of the cracked flat and folded structures to those of healthy ones have been taken into account. Those ratios have been given to BPANN as the input variables, while the crack locations have been considered as the output variables. A total of 500 crack locations have been regarded within the dataset obtained from the results of the free vibration analysis. To build the best intelligent model, a feature search has been conducted for BAPNN regarding activation function, the number of hidden layers, and the number of hidden neurons. Regarding the analysis results, it is concluded that the BPANN is able to localize the cracks with an average accuracy of 95.12%.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.427-440
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• 2017

One of the suitable structural damage detection methods using vibrational characteristics are damage-index-based methods. In this study, a damage index for identifying damages in plate structures using frequency response function (FRF) data has been provided. One of the significant challenges of identifying the damages in plate structures is high number of degrees of freedom resulting in decreased damage identifying accuracy. On the other hand, FRF data are of high volume and this dramatically decreases the computing speed and increases the memory necessary to store the data, which makes the use of this method difficult. In this study, FRF data are compressed using two-dimensional principal component analysis (2D-PCA), and then converted into damage index vectors. The damage indices, each of which represents a specific condition of intact or damaged structures are stored in a database. After computing damage index of structure with unknown damage and using algorithm of lookup tables, the structural damage including the severity and location of the damage will be identified. In this study, damage detection accuracy using the proposed damage index in square-shaped structural plates with dimensions of 3, 7 and 10 meters and with boundary conditions of four simply supported edges (4S), three clamped edges (3C), and four clamped edges (4C) under various single and multiple-element damage scenarios have been studied. Furthermore, in order to model uncertainties of measurement, insensitivity of this method to noises in the data measured by applying values of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent of normal Gaussian noise to FRF values is discussed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2013

Over the last two decades Wavelet Transformation (WT) method has been widely utilized for the damage identification of structures. The main objective of this paper is to discuss and present some of common shortcomings and limitations of mathematical software, as well as other precautionary measures that need to be considered when using them for wavelet analysis applications. Due to popular usage of MATLABMATLAB(R) comparing to other mathematical tools among researchers for data processing of structural responses through WT analysis, this software was chosen for specific study. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these limitations and observations have not been previously identified or discussed in the literature. In this work, a square plate with a severe damage, in form of a crack, parallel to the left edge of the plate is selected for a pilot study. The steady state harmonic response is used for measuring the deflection shape across the line parallel to one edge and perpendicular to the damage. Several criteria and cases such as the smallest size damage that can be detected, correlation between the crack width and the number of sampling points, and the influence of the damage thickness on the accuracy of the result are investigated.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2017

The effect of cationization agent concentration on glycan detection via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was investigated using $Na^+$ ions in the form of NaCl as the cationization agent. NaCl solution concentrations ranging from 1 mM to 1 M were investigated. Glycans from ovalbumin were mixed with the cationization agent solution and the 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) matrix solution in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. The resulting mixture was loaded onto the MALDI plate. Two MALDI-TOF MS instruments (Voyager DE-STR MALDI-TOF MS and Tinkerbell RT MALDI-TOF MS) were used for detection of glycans. The best detection, in terms of the number of identified glycans, the peak intensity, and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, was obtained with NaCl concentrations of 0.01-0.1 M for both MALDI-TOF MS instruments.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권7호
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• pp.1092-1099
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• 2017

This paper proposes a novel way of vehicle detection and classification based on image features. There are two main processes in the proposed system, which are database construction and vehicle classification processes. In the database construction, there is a tight censorship for choosing appropriate images of the training set under the rigorous standard. These images are trained using Haar features for vehicle detection and histogram of oriented gradients extraction for vehicle classification based on the support vector machine. Additionally, in the vehicle detection and classification processes, the region of interest is reset using a number plate to reduce complexity. In the experimental results, the proposed system had the accuracy of 0.9776 and the $F_1$ score of 0.9327 for vehicle classification.