• 농업과학연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

돼지에서 액상정액을 이용한 인공수정이 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 축산기술연구소 종축개량부 (충남, 성환) 돼지 인공수정센터에서 사육중인 인공수정용 종모돈을 이용하여 1995년부터 2000년까지 액상정액을 이용한 인공수정시 종모돈의 품종, 인공수정 횟수, 계절 및 정자농도가 번식성적에 마치는 영향을 조사하여 돼지 인공수정시 번식성적 향상과 실용화에 기여하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 액상정액 인공수정시 정액을 생산한 종모돈의 품종 (Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc)간 번식성적은 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 발정당 2회 또는 3회 인공수정 시에도 번식성적에 차이가 없었다. 인공수정을 실시한 계절별로 번식성적을 조사하였으나 계절간 차이점은 발견할 수 없었다. 액상정액 인공수정시 1회 주입정자의 최저농도를 구명코자 활력 70% 이상인 정자수를 기준으로 80 ml 병당 정자농도를 3.0, 2.5, 2.0 및 $1.5{\times}10^9$로 조절하여 인공수정한 결과 수태 율, 분만 율, 총산자수 및 생존산자수에서 통계적인 유의차가 인정되지 않아 1회 주입정자농도는 운동성 정자 기준으로 $1.5{\times}10^9/80ml$ 이상으로 조절하면 인공수정에 실용적으로 사용할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to estimate breed-specific variance components for total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA) and mortality rate from birth through weaning including stillbirths (MORT) of three main swine breeds in Korea. In addition, the importance of including maternal genetic and service sire effects in estimation models was evaluated. Methods: Records of farrowing traits from 6,412 Duroc, 18,020 Landrace, and 54,254 Yorkshire sows collected from January 2001 to September 2016 from different farms in Korea were used in the analysis. Animal models and the restricted maximum likelihood method were used to estimate variances in animal genetic, permanent environmental, maternal genetic, service sire and residuals. Results: The heritability estimates ranged from 0.072 to 0.102, 0.090 to 0.099, and 0.109 to 0.121 for TNB; 0.087 to 0.110, 0.088 to 0.100, and 0.099 to 0.107 for NBA; and 0.027 to 0.031, 0.050 to 0.053, and 0.073 to 0.081 for MORT in the Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds, respectively. The proportion of the total variation due to permanent environmental effects, maternal genetic effects, and service sire effects ranged from 0.042 to 0.088, 0.001 to 0.031, and 0.001 to 0.021, respectively. Spearman rank correlations among models ranged from 0.98 to 0.99, demonstrating that the maternal genetic and service sire effects have small effects on the precision of the breeding value. Conclusion: Models that include additive genetic and permanent environmental effects are suitable for farrowing traits in Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire populations in Korea. This breed-specific variance components estimates for litter traits can be utilized for pig improvement programs in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.574-587
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• 2022

This study was performed to development the alternative farrowing pen (AFP) and to investigate performance and behavior of lactating sows and their litter. A total of 64 multiparous sows were randomly divided into two groups and were allocated to farrowing crates (FCs) and AFPs. The AFPs contained a crate and support bars that could be folded to provide the sows with extra space on day 5 postpartum. Behavior was recorded by charge-coupled device cameras and digital video recorders, and the data were scanned every 2 min to obtain an instantaneous behavioral sample. Farrowing systems did not affect feed intake, back-fat thickness, litter size and piglet weight at birth and weaning (p > 0.05). In addition, there were no differences in the number of crushed piglets between the two farrowing systems (p > 0.05). However, the weaning-to-estrus interval was shorter in the sows of the AFPs than in thous of the FCs (p < 0.05). The sows spent most of their time lying down during the lactating period, at about 80% lateral recumbency and 10%-15% ventral recumbency. The only significant differences were in the feeding and drinking behavior between sows in the two farrowing systems (p < 0.05). The FC sows displayed more feeding and drinking behavior than the AFP sows, especially in the late lactating period (p < 0.05). Piglets in the FCs tended to spend more time walking than piglets in the AFPs (p < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in suckling and lying behavior between piglets in the two farrowing systems (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the AFPs with temporary crating until day 4 postpartum did not negatively affect performance and crushed piglet compared with the FCs. It also may improve animal welfare by allowing sows to move and turn around during the lactating period. Further research is needed to find suitable housing designs to enhance productivity and animal welfare.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2002

돼지에서 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정이 번식 성적에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 축산기술연구소 종축개량부 (충남, 성환)의 돼지 인공수정센터에서 사육중인 종모돈을 이용하여 1995년부터 2000년까지 인공수정을 실시하였다. 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정시 종모돈의 품종, 인공수정 횟수, 정자농도, 농장 및 연도가 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 동결정액이 인공수정에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위하여 5$m\ell$ maxi-straw에 포장된 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정시 번식성적을 조사한 결과 종모돈의 품종 (Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc)간 차이가 없었다. 1회 발정당 수정횟수는 2회 수정과 3회 수정시 차이가 없었으며, 1회 주입정자 농도도 5.0, 4.0 및 3.0$\times$$10^{9}$ /dose 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 양돈장의 관리방법과 인공수정사의 기술은 수태율과 산자수에 영향을 주었다. 1995년부터 1999년까지 5년간 농장에서 매년 인공수정한 결과수태율은 68.3~74.6%, 분만율은 61.7~67.6%, 총산자수는 8.7~9.6두 그리고 생존산자수는 8.1~8.7두로 각각 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-30
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• 1968

The Han River was investigated monthly from April through September, 1967 at Chun-chon reservoir, Shin-yean, So-yang, Chung-pyong reservoir, Yang-soo-ri and Gi-doo-won to clarify the phytoplankton and to study its seasonal variation. At the same time, vertical distribution of phytoplankton was also studied from June through September at Chun-chon and Chung-pyong reservoir. The results obtained are as follows: As the environmental conditions, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and transparency were determined. The plankton samples collected from six stations were identified and classified by Engler's classification system. It resulted in 4 phyla, 4 classes, 3 subclasses, 13 orders, 27 families, 5 tribes, 71 genera, 222 species, 1 subspecies, 51 varieties and 2 forms. The total number of phytoplankton identified was 276. Of them, 84 species, 1 subspecies 26 varieties, 2 forms were recorded in this paper for the first time. Considering with the habitat of the total number of phytoplanktons, the highest percentage of Limnoplankton existed in the Chung-pyong reservoir. It suggests that hte Chung-pyong reservoir is becoming to have the character of lake. The planktons appeared commonly during six months at six station belong to Chrysophyta including 22 species in 11 genera. Among these 22 species, Navicula, consists of 6 species, was the most abundant. The number of species identified uniquely at each station were 5 species in the Chun-chon reservoir, 6 in Chung-pyong and Yang-soo-ri, 8 at Shin-yean, 11 at So-yang, and 18 at Gi-doo-won. The number of species occurred at all stations were 29 in spring, 42 in Autumn and during investigation period. The maximum production of total phytoplankton was generally shown in the late spring and the early fall with differences in quantity at six collecting statins. In the Chun-chon reservoir, the high concentration of approximately 1, 190, 000 cells per litter in the months of August and September was due to the increase of Chrysophyte genus, Melosira and the highest concentration of approximately 2, 000, 000 in July at Gi-doo-won was caused Chlorophyte genus, Secenedesmus. The Chun-chon reservoir of three years old was different from the Chung-pyong reservoir of 25 years old with respect to increase in Melosira genus in August and September. After the completion of the Ui-am reservoir, though there was an increase in total density, the number of species of phytoplankton was not changed. It suggests that Ui-am reservoir is similar to the Chun-chon reservoir under the influence of the latter. The density of total phytoplankton was generally high at the depth of 2m to 5m for the two reservoirs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.345-360
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• 2000

The effects on CTC (T1) and CTC, Sulfathiazole and Penicillin Combination (T2) medication in feed through one life cycle of pigs, namely, weaning, mating, farrowing, lactation, growing, finishing and slaughter, were tested under local condition. In sow phase, productivity and the number of microflora in urine before and after medication of CTC were studied and average daily gain and feed conversion rate were checked during growing and finishing period. All pigs reached at 155 days old were slaughtered for pathological examination. 1. Litter size, farrowing rate and survival rate at birth were improved by CTC medication from weaning to 21th day after mating and mortality of piglet at weaning, 25 days after farrowing, was reduced in the CTC medication group, but no siginificant. 2. The number of microflora in the sow urine was changed with the medication at 200ppm of CTC in feed. In particular, the number of E coli, Samonella and Staphylococci were reduced by CTC medication. 3. The average daily gain and feed conversion rate of grower and finisher pigs was improved significantly in both treated groups, most in the high level CTC (T1) medicated group and was lowest in the control group. 4. The number of infected lungs was reduced not significant by both treatments (as % pneumonic lesions Co 66.7%, T1 47.1%, T2 31.4%) and the severity of lung lesions was significantly reduced by both high level of CTC and CTC combination medication in feed. 5. Although there were no statistical differences in atrophic rhinitis based on turbinate scores among the 3 groups, the number of mild and moderate (Grade 2 and 3) infections was higher in the control group (9/36) than in the treated groups (T1 2/34 & T2 4/35).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1981

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 1975년(年)부터 1979년(年)까지 축산시험장(畜産試驗場)에서 생산(生産)된 돼지중 산자능력(産仔能力) 시험(試驗)에 315복(腹), 산육능력시험(産肉能力試驗)에 325두(頭)를 가지고, 25개교배조합중(個交配組合中)에서 우수(優秀)한 산자(産仔) 및 산육능력(産能肉力)을 갖는 교배조합(交配組合)을 선발(選拔)하고자 실시(實施)한 바 그 결과(結果)는 마음과 같다. 1. 복당생존자돈수는 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 우수(優秀)했고, 다음은 $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)이었으며 햄프샤순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 가장 불량(不良)하였다. 복당생존자돈수는 3~6산차(産次)에서 다른 산차(産次)의 경우에 비(比)하여 현저히 높았다. 2. 두당생시체중은 $D{\times}Lw$조합(組合)이 가장 무거웠고 라지화이트순종(純種)이 가장 가벼웠으며, 복당생시체중은 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 무거웠고, 그 다음은 $D{\times}HL$, $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)의 순(順)이었으며, 햄프샤 및 버크샤순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)에 비(比)하여 불량(不良)하였다. 3. 복당이유자돈수는 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 우수(優秀)했고, 다음은 $D{\times}HL$, $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)의 순(順)이었으며, 듀록과 햄프샤순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 불량(不良)하였다. 3~6산차(産次)의 자돈(仔豚)에서는 다른 산차(産次)의 경우에 비(比)하여 복당이유자돈수가 많았다. 4. 복당이유시체중은 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 무거웠고 다음은 $H{\times}LwL$, $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)의 순서(順序)였으며, 듀록과 햄프샤 순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)에 비(比)하여 불량(不良)하였다. 두당이유시체중은 $D{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 가장 무거웠고, $L{\times}H$조합(組合)이 가장 가벼웠다. 5. 이유시(離乳時) 생존율(生存率)은 $L{\times}Lw$조합(組合)이 제일 우수(優秀)했으며, 그 다음은 $D{\times}LH$, $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)의 순서(順序)였고, 듀록 순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 가장 불량(不良)하였다. 6. 일당증체량과 사료요구율(飼料要求率)은 $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)이 가장 우수(優秀)했고, 다음은 $D{\times}LwL$, $H{\times}LwL$ 조합(組合)이었으며, 버크샤순종(純種)과 렌드레이스순종(純種)의 조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)보다 불량(不良)하였다. 수컷은 암컷에 비(比)하여 일당증체량이 0.06kg 정도 더 높았고, 사료요구율(飼料要求率)도 0.14정도 더 양호(良好)하였다. 7. 90kg도달일령(到達日令)은 $D{\times}HL$, $D{\times}LwL$ 및 $H{\times}LwL$조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)에 비(比)하여 우수(優秀)했으며, $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)은 렌드레이스순종조합(純種組合)보다 39일 정도 빨리 90kg에 도달(到達)했다. 8. 도체율(屠體率) 및 정육율(精肉率)은 $H{\times}LwL$, $H{\times}L$ 및 $L{\times}B$조합(組合)이 다른 교배조합(交配組合)보다 우수(優秀)했으며, 배장근단면적(背長筋斷面積)은 $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)이 가장 컷고, $B{\times}L$ 조합(組合)이 가장 작게 나타났다. 등지방(脂肪)두께는 햄프샤순종(純種)이 가장 얇게 나타났고, $B{\times}L$조합(組合)이 가장 두껍게 나타났다. 9. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)해 보면 이품종간(二品種間) 교잡종(交雜種)에서는 $Lw{\times}L$조합(組合)이, 삼품종간(三品種間) 교잡종(交雜種)에서는 $D{\times}LwL$ 및 $D{\times}HL$조합(組合)이 우수(優秀)한 산자(産仔) 및 산육능력(産肉能力)을 가진 교배(交配) 조합(組合)으로 나타났다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2017

4-Nonylphenol (NP) is a surfactant that is a well-known and widespread estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Although it has been known that the affinity of NP to ERs is low, it has been suggested that low-dose NP has toxicity. In the present study, the endocrine disrupting effects on reproduction, and the weight of gonads, epididymis, and uterus were evaluated with the chronic lower-dose NP exposing. This study was designed by following the OECD test guideline 443 and subjected to a complete necropsy. In male, NP had an effect on the weight of the testis and epididymis in both $F_0$ and $F_1$. In females, NP decreased the weight of ovary and uterus in $F_0$ but not in pre-pubertal $F_1$ pubs. Fertility of male and female in $F_0$ or $F_1$ was no related with NP administration. The number of caudal-epididymal sperm by body weight (BW) was not different between groups in both $F_0$ and $F_1$. Besides, the difference of the sperm number between generations was not detected. The number of ovulated oocytes was similar between groups in $F_0$, but significantly decreased in NP 50 group of $F_1$. The litter size and sex ratios of offspring in $F_1$ and $F_2$ were not different. The accumulated mating rate and gestation period were not affected by the NP administration. Those results shows that chronic lower-dose NP administration has an effect of endocrine disruptor on the weight of gonads and epididymis of $F_0$ and $F_1$ but not in reproduction. Based on the results, it is suggested that chronic lower-dose NP exposing causes endocrine disruption in the weight of gonad and epididymis but not in the reproductive ability of next generations.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2000

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of administration of Agyoju or Mokhyang on the maintenance of pregnancy, delivery and sex ratio in the mice in different gestation periods. Adult female mice were administered orally at three different periods, from ovulation to implantation (Exp.1), from post-implantation to organogenesis (Exp.2), and from fetal growth to parturition (Exp.3). In Experiment 1, number of fetus implanted and mean body weight were not significantly different. However, the delivery of male offspring was significantly increased in Agyoju and Mokhyang administrated groups than control group. In Experiment 2, the number of fetuses implanted, live offsprins and their body weight at delivery were significantly increased in the Agyoju administered group than Mokhyang and control groups. In Experiment 3, the number of live offspring and sex ratio were not different in both treatments and control group. However, mean body weight at delivery was significantly increased in both treatment groups than that of control group. These results suggest that 1) Agyoju and Mokhyang have beneficial effects in maintenance of pregnacy, and that 2) The action of unknown component(s) in Agyoju may be related to selection of male spermatozoa for fertilization in vivo, and that 3) the administration of Agyju of Mojhyang during mid-and late-pregnance periods were shown the increment of body weight of live offspring without decrease of litter size.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to determine optimal lysine requirement of lactating Mong Cai sows and their piglets. An experiment was conducted using 30 Mong Cai sows in a factorial randomized design with 5 dietary total lysine levels (0.60, 0.70, 0.85, 1.0 and 1.15%) for one-week pre-partum and 5 dietary total lysine levels (0.60, 0.75, 0.90, 1.05 and 1.2%) for lactation diets. Mong Cai sows were about 1 to 2 years old and had an initial body weight of 120 kg (sd = 2.5) after farrowing. Sows were restrictively fed 1.7 kg feed during gestation and were fed ad libitum during lactation. Diets of sows contained about 12% CP during pregnancy and about 14% CP for the lactation period. DE concentration of the diets ranged between 12.5-13.0 MJ of DE. Water was supplied at up to 8 liters per sow per day in a basin. Studied traits were related to both sows and their progeny. Sows were weighed at 107 days of gestation, after farrowing and at weaning. Sow back-fat depth was measured at 110 days of gestation, after farrowing, at 21 days of lactation and at weaning. Number of piglets born, at 24 h after birth, at 21 days of age and at weaning were recorded. Piglets were weighte at birth, at 21 days and at weaning. Supplying lysine one week pre-partum had no effect on the number of piglets born nor litter weight at birth (p = 0.776 and p = 0.224). A positive effect of increasing dietary lysine level during lactation from 0.60 to 1.20% was observed with regard to less sow weight loss, and increased piglet weight at 21 days and at weaning. The level of lysine that resulted in the lowest sow backfat loss and the highest weaned piglet weight was 1.05%; this may be the optimum level of lysine for the diet of lactating Mong Cai sows. At this lysine level, the number of weaned piglets was also highest.