• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.347-353
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• 2017

This study aims to figure out how green tea leaves, mulberry leaves, and mate leaves that are often taken around in drinking tea influence on S. mutans known as dental caries causative bacteria. After vaccinating 1% of S. mutans on the extract added badge and incubating 6 hours and 10 hours in $37^{\circ}C$, it calculated absorbance and bacterial colony number. Extract of green tea leaves and mate leaves were added with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% of concentration. As a result of growth suppressive effect of S. mutans, it may be observed that colony number significantly decreases in higher concentration. When it calculated bacterial colony number with adding 2% extract after 10 hours, 99.0% for green tea leaves, 97.1% for mulberry leaves, and 89.6% for mate leaves appeared.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.213-219
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• 2017

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory dermatitis with immunological disturbances. Spleen deficiency (脾虛) is one of the major causes of AD, so development of animal model is required for AD research that reflects the pattern identification. The groups that we have used in this study included Senna folium extracts (SFE), 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and normal mice. Therefore, the present study was developed to atopic dermatitis mouse model with spleen deficiency in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and senna leaves extracts induced AD in NC/Nga mice. The results demonstrated that senna leaves extract treatment significantly increased the dermatitis clinical score and epidermal thickness in AD-like skin lesions. We also proved beyond doubt that there was occurrence of erythema and skin moisture indices in the senna leaves extract groups. Further, we also found that the level of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the senna leaves extract-treated group was increased. The amount of IL-4, IL-13, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $TGF-{\beta}$ mRNA determined by real-time PCR was increased remarkably when senna leaves extract groups were treated on dorsal skin. Senna leaves extract groups significantly promoted the number of CD11B+/Gr-1 cell in skin, as well as the number of CD4+/CD8+ cell in dorsal skin compared with control. The review summarizes recent process in our understanding of the immunopathophysiology of spleen deficiency AD and the implications for spleen deficiency mouse models of AD on drug discovery from medical plants.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 1975

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of several mode of picking leaves in autumn on development and harvest of branches, The results obtained are summarized ： (1) The effects of picking leaves in autumn were more conspicuous in weight of branches in length and/or size of branches. (2) In inverse propotion to the amount of picking leaves in autumn, the total weights of branches showed heavy in the non-picking leaves, the lower half part and the middle part-treatment, whereas are light in the upper half- and the all leaves picking-treatment, In spite of excessive picking leaves in autumn however, the middle part-treatment presented heavy weight of branches. (3) The yield of leaves in spring silkworm rearing, in propotion to the amount of picking leaves, were heavy in order of the non-picking leaves-, the middle part, and the lower half part-treatment, while both the upper half and the all leaves picking-treatment showed small amount of harvest. (4) The total yield of mulberry leaves and shoots of middle part-treatment, which showed the largest number of all was larger than that of the non-picking leaves and the all leave picking-treatment (leaving 5 leaves from upper part of shoot) at the ratio of 36％ and 13％, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.522-530
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• 2019

Two edible plants, Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum and Ligularia stenocephala, and one medicinal plant, Panax ginseng, were cultivated in the understory of an artificial Larix kaempferi plantation for ten years. Growth characteristics (number of leaves and flower stalks per plant, and leaf length and width), survival rate, and yield (fresh weight of plants) per unit area (1 ㎡) were investigated one year after planting, and six and ten years following cultivation. P. ginseng and L. stenocephala survived at a high percentage for two years after planting. Results showed that P. ginseng had longer and thicker roots when aged; however, a large number of plants died and the yield was low. In contrast, almost half of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum died within two years of planting. The surviving plants grew well for ten years and the yield was increased. The leaf length and width of L. stenocephala increased; however, the survival rate and the number of leaves per plant decreased as the period of cultivation was extended. In contrast, A. victorialis var. platyphyllum survived at a lower rate (50%) than the two other crops (98% for L. stenocephala and 83% for P. ginseng) during the early cultivation period, with little change in the survival rate over an extended time; however, the yields increased. This species showed an increase in the number of flower stalks and leaves, and as a result, the larger leaves increased the yield. We evaluated the understory cultivation of three crops in a L. kaempferi plantation under natural conditions, with no irrigation or fertilization, and Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum showed the greatest growth potential among the three tested crops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.181-195
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• 1989

The study was conducted to obtain the genetic informations for some useful characters in tobacco breeding. The eight parents and a set of 28 crosses of F1's and F2's were used as materials, and planted on two different cultivated systems, i. e., oriental's and burley systems, during 1986-1988 at taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute. The observed characters were six agronomic characters which were plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering, yield and five chemical components, nicotine, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, total volatile base and pet, ether extract. The results obtaining are summarized as follows: 1. The higher heritabilities were found for days to flowering yield and nicotine in both generations, but values for number of leaves per plant, leaf length, total nitrogen and protein nitrogen were lower than other characters. 2. Genotypic correlation coefficients among all pairs of characters were slightly higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlations in F1's and F2's on two different cultivated systems. The relationship between leaf length and leaf width was the positive correlation, but that between number of leaves per plant and leaf width was negative. 3. From the genotypic correlations between yield and other characters, a conclusion that the yield was highly correlated with plant height, leaf length, leaf width and days to flowering was given. 4. Quality was positively correlated with number of leaves per plant and nicotine, but negatively with the other agronomic characters and chemical components.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

We evaluated a possibility of the use of chloroplast number per guard cell pairs as a measure for ploidy level in the different ploidy levels of tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. BY-4) . The guard-cell chloroplast numbers of leaves of haploid plant were a half of wild-type plant. Furthermore, the number of chloroplast per guard cell pairs of the leaves of doubled-haploid plant increased in two times compared with that of haploid plant. In addition, the chloroplast number was not changed in the F$_1$ progenies. The change of the chloroplast number by leaf stage was not observed. The results indicate that there is a strong relationship between ploidy level (2x and 4x) and chloroplast number per guard cell pairs. This relationship was also, observed in both in vitro and pot cultured plants. It was determined that the measurement of chloroplast number in guard cells of leaf epidermis is simple to use and less labour intensive, and hence can be considered a practical alternative to the chromosome counting methods or flow cytometry in the tobacco plant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1976

In order to study the variations of isoperoxidases of four parts of L. cyrtobotrya, leaves, secondary phloem, fibrous root, ovary were collected on september 29, 1975, respectively from 12 individuals which were planted in the compound of Institute of Forest Genetics, suwon, Korea. No variation of isoperoxidases appeared among the same parts which were collected from the same individual. There was a great variation in the pattern of isoperoxidase band among the 12 individuals in leaves, secondary phloem, fibrous root, and ovary. Regarding to the common occurrence band, the number was 7 in the leaves, secondary phloem, and fibrous root, while 35 bands were appeared in the ovary part. These was a great variation of occurrence band in four parts of Lespedeza. But the number of band in the parts of the Lespedeza was 4.50-5.16 on average, on the other hand there was no significant difference. No variation was observed in the activity of isoperoxidase in leaves. On the other hand, there was small varation in the secondary phloem, fibrous root and ovary.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2015

Purpose: A sampling scheme may significantly affect the accuracy of a sensor. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sampling point locations on optical reflectance measurements of Chinese cabbage and kale plant leaves. Methods: Variability and similarity of multiple measurements for different parts of the leaves were compared. Results: The results indicate that the variability between the average and individual reflectance spectra was smaller for the blade part than for the vein part. Furthermore, the reflectance for the blade part over the upper leaf area was greater and more stable than those for the other parts for both the cabbage and kale leaf samples. Conclusions: The results provide guidelines for optical reflectance measurements of Chinese cabbage and kale plants. The effects of the number of sampling points, the number of leaves, and the relationships between optical reflectance and leaf components remain to be investigated in the future.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.631-638
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• 2018

Chellai et al. [3] gave an upper bound on the [1, 2]-domination number of tree and posed an open question "how to classify trees satisfying the sharp bound?". Yang and Wu [5] gave a partial solution for tree of order n with ${\ell}$-leaves such that every non-leaf vertex has degree at least 4. In this paper, we give a new upper bound on the [1, 2]-domination number of tree which extends the result of Yang and Wu. In addition, we design a polynomial time algorithm for solving the open question. By using this algorithm, we give a characterization on the [1, 2]-domination number for trees of order n with ${\ell}$ leaves satisfying $n-{\ell}$. Thereby, the open question posed by Chellai et al. is solved.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the growth of Fagopyrum tataricum. It showed a tendency to promote the germination rate and plant height of tatary buckwheat under high temperature. Plant height and number of leaves were promoted in the order of 25>20>15>30℃ under the different temperature after 30 days of the planting. In the 10, 12, 14hr photoperiods at 20℃, plant height, number of leaves and dry weight were increased as much as photoperiod became long except by 16hr. Rutin contents was not regular both common and tatary buckwheat under the photoperiods. The rutin content in leaves was higher than stem. Compared to yield of tatary and common buckwheat, plant height, number of leaves, number of branch and stem diameter of tatary buckwheat increased more than common buckwheat. Especially, number of leaves was increased about 2.5 times more than common buckwheat. And there was a difference in about 2.1 times in grain weight and about 5.4 times in number of grains. Rutin content of plant parts was higher in the order of leaf>stem>grain in common buckwheat at the harvest. But it was higher with order of leaf>grain>stem in tatary buckwheat. Rutin content was 1469.8mg/100g in grain of tatary buckwheat. It was about 60 times higher than 22mg/100g in grain of common buckwheat.