• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 1999

The Taekwondo being a martial sports, there are higher chances for the injury to occur than the non martial sports. Therefore, this study analyze the frequency, the area, the type, and the condition of the injury which are prone to occur in the Taekwondo matches; it is to help the Taekwondo players in prevention of the injury and in treatment. The subjects of this study were the 48 players (male 24, female 24) who participated in the final selection contest of the national team player on March 9 to 12, 1993. The data of the injury were obtained from the medical recoder staff and were analyzed to the frequency of the injury per match, the vulnerable area of the injury, the type of injury, and the condition of the injury with a gender difference. There were 24 matches for the male and 24 matches for the female, total 48 matches. Therefore, the total participation number of the players are the double of the match number. 1. The frequency of the injury per match was 18.3%(11/60) for male and 23.1%(12/52) for women. 2. The areas of the injury were ankle 36.4%(4), foot 18.2%(2), knee 18.2%(2), lower leg 18.2%(2), wrist 9.1%(1) in male; foot 33.4%(4), ankle 16.7%(2), knee 16.7%(2), lower back 16.7%(2), lower leg 8.3%(1), face 8.3%(1) in female. 3. The types of the injury were contusion 45.5%(5), sprain 27.3%(3), abrasion 9.1%(1), laceration 9.1%(1), tendon rupture 9.1%(1) in male; contusion 33.3%(4), sprain 33.3%(4), abrasion 16.7%(2), subcutaneous hemorrhage 8.3%(1), dislocation 8.3%(1) in female. 4. The condition of the injury were the unblocked attack 36.4%(4), attacking kick 27.3%(3), blocking a kick 18.2%(2), attacking punch 9.1%, impact with surface 9.1%(1) in male; attacking kick 33.3%(4), unblocked attack 25%(3), blocking a kick 25%(3), attacking punch 8.3%(1), impact with surface 8.3%(1) in female. This study shows that the injury from the Taekwondo matches occurred most in the lower extremity joints and the foot, and shows that the most of the injury types were contusion and sprain. Therefore, it is believed to be helpful to wear the proper fitting ankle or the knee protector and using other protective equipment to prevent the sports injury in the Taekwondo matches.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2011

The accelerated cooling rate associated with vitrification reduces injuries attributed to cryopreservation and improves the post-freezing developmental competence of vitrified embryos. In this study, embryos were vitrified and warmed and morphologically evaluated for their development to blastocysts. Survival rates between the fresh ($96.7%{\pm}3.8%$) and vitrified embryos ($90.7%{\pm}5.1%$) did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The mitochondrial membrane potential of fresh control cells measured by 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl carbocyanide iodide staining was similar to that of cryoprotected and vitrified embryos. Mitochondrial staining with rhodamine 123 did not differ among the fresh, cryoprotected, and vitrified embryos. Moreover, the distribution of $H_2O_2$, assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining, did not differ among the groups. The results showed that the developmental rate did not differ significantly among the fresh ($87.8%{\pm}11.3%$), cryoprotected ($83.2%{\pm}7.6%$), and vitrified 2-cell embryos ($75.8%{\pm}14.2%$). The mean number of the inner cell mass (ICM), trophectoderm (TE), and apoptotic cells was counted and statistically compared, and although the number of ICM and TE was decreased in the cryoprotected and vitrified embryos, there were no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05). During the cultivation period, randomly selected blastocysts from each group were stained using either 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and bisbenzimide or the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling technique. The incidence of apoptosis appeared to be almost identical in all the groups. Droplet vitrification could subsequently lead to high survival and developmental rates of cryopreserved mouse embryos.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.20-30
• /
• 1979

To investigate the status of morbidity and medicare utilization during last 8 months from 1 st Oct. 1977 to 31th May, 1978 in the area under Sam-Wha Medicare Insurance Union, a study was carried out through analyzing the medicare records of patients who are enrolled. For the study, 3 doctors and one nurse were mobilized and the results are as follows: 1) The total number of the Medicare insurance Union members in the study area were 5,735 composed of 3,000 males(52.3%) and 2,735 females(47.7%). 2) The total number of patients were 1,405 composed of 783 males (55. 0%) and 622 females(45. 0%) and the incidence rate per 1,000 population was 245.0 of total(261.0 in males and 227.4 in females). 3) Five major diseases with 52, 7% of total patients were acute upper respiratory infection(20.7%), peptic ulcer(12.2%), bronchitis(5.5%), injuries(5.2%) and dental problems(5.1%). 4) The order of the incidence rate of age group per 1,000 population was the year group on 0-4(342.6), 25-44(312.7), 45-64(307.0), 65 and over(240.3), 15-24(178.8) and 5-14(164.8). 5) Of the 1,405 total patients, the out-patients were 1,661(96.9%) and the in-patients were 44(3.1%) and the ratio wae 30.9 : 1.0. 6) Among the out-patients 96.7% of them were cared in primary medicare facilities, 1.0,% in secondary care, and 2.3% in tertiary care. And among the in-patients 50. 5% of them were cared in primary medicare facilities, 4. 5% in secondary care, 45. 5% in tertiary care. 7) Duration of medicare was concentrated within a week in 84. 3% of total patients.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.455-463
• /
• 1996

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of sulfur dioxide on leaf injury and yield of ten soybean cultivars. Plants were fumigated with 2.0 ppm of $SO_2$ for 4 or 8 h in a closed-top field chamber. In the comparison of foliar injury, Paldalkong and Eunhakong were more susceptible to $SO_2$ than Bogwangkong, Jangsukong, and Jangkeungkong. Correlations between chlorophyll contents, peroxidase activity, and stomatal resistance of leaves and foliar susceptibility were insignificant. However, significant correlations $(r=-0.611^{\ast})$ were found between superoxide dismutase activity and foliar injury rates. Dry weight, number of pods and total grains were significantly reduced by $SO_2$ fumigation but plant height, number of nods and weight of 100 grains were not affected. Yield reduction rates were higher in Eunhakong and Paldalkong than in Bogwangkong and Jangkeungkong. A liniar relationship was found between foliar injury rate and the percent crop loss with a significant coefficient of b=-1.17 in the susceptible cultivar of Paldalkong, but Bogwangkong, insusceptible cultivar, showed lower value of -0.165.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.3336-3340
• /
• 2010

This study has been carried out against hospitals with less than 100 beds, which were excluded from the previous study on the discharged patients from January 1 to December 31, 2007. To analyze the discharged patients, the general characteristics of discharged patients, means of payment for medical costs, type of disease and surgery and current status of the use of medical services have been investigated based on the medical records. During the year of 2007, the number of discharged patients from the hospitals with less than 100 beds reached 4,697,095 (9.7% of total population). In other words, 9,693 people were discharged from a hospital per 100,000 populations with 9.8 days in terms of annual mean length of hospitalization. The number of patients who returned home after hospitalization reached 4,538,861 (male: 1,784,041, female: 2,754,821) while 119,378 patients were evacuated to other hospitals. Among them, 8,970 patients were returned back to the original hospital. Based on the results of this study, they could be used in could be used in planning a project which is aimed to reduce public health costs by investigating high-risk groups with particular injuries and preventing damage. In addition, the injury monitoring data which are continuously collected could be useful in monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of an injury prevention program.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Chest injuries in multiple trauma patients are major predisposing factor for increased length of stay in intensive care unit, prolonged mechanical ventilator, and respiratory complications such as pneumonia. The aim of this study is the evaluation of lung injury score as a risk factor for prolonged management in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Between June to August in 2011, 46 patients admitted to shock and trauma center in our hospital and 24 patients had associated chest damage without traumatic brain injury. Retrospectively, we calculated injury severity score (ISS), lung injury score, and the number of fractured ribs and performed nonparametric correlation analysis with length of stay in ICU and mechanical ventilator support. Results: Calculated lung injury score(<48 hours) was median 1(0-3) and ISS was median 30(8-38) in study population. They had median 2(0-14) fractured ribs. There were 2 bilateral fractures and 2 flail chest. Ventilator support was needed in 11(45.8%) of them for median 39 hours(6-166). The ISS of ventilator support group was median 34(24-34) and lung injury score was median 1.7(1.3-2.5). Tracheostomy was performed in one patient and it was only complicated case and ICU stay days was median 9(4-16). In correlation analysis, Lung injury score and ISS were significant with the length of stay in ICU but the number of fractured ribs and lung injury score were predicting factors for prolonged mechanical ventilator support. Conclusion: Lung injury score could be a possible prognostic factor for the prediction of increased length of stay in ICU and need for mechanical ventilator support.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2012

In Korea, 28,641 cases of traffic accidents were caused by drunk driving in 2010. These statistics accounted for 12.62% of total number of traffic accidents. Moreover, the percentages of deaths and injuries from them were nearly 15% of those from whole traffic accidents. While police has emphasized enforcement efforts in order to reduce drunk driving, culture generous to drunk driving in addition to the absence of an appropriate intervention system for habitual drunk drivers have contributed to the increasing number of the drunk driving accidents in Korea. This study examined specific behavioral changes in drunk driving by comparing drivers' behavior pattern in non-alcoholic condition to those in alcoholic condition, using a psychomotor test and a driving simulator. In the psychomotor test measuring participants' reactions to the target stimulus, it was revealed that participants' correct responses were decreased, false responses were increased, and no responses also were increased after drinking. Furthermore, in the driving simulator performance after drinking, not only driving speed was faster but also the deviation of an accelerator pedal pressure and of the vehicle's lateral position were much increased. These results indicated that alcohol consumption would impair visio-cognitive ability and deteriorate driving safety. Finally, the implications and limitations of our findings and suggestions for the future research were discussed.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.7 no.12
• /
• pp.937-946
• /
• 2017

Recently, urban structures including buildings are becoming increasingly large and super high-rise in order to make human life more convenient. As the number of super high-rise buildings increases, however, the risk of fire and other disasters is increasing. Especially, it is expected that deaths and injuries will be tremendous than imagined if the evacuation guidance is not provided promptly and precisely for the occupants in case of a fire in super high-rise buildings. Therefore, rapid rescue should be done for those who are in need of residence or rescue in the building. To do this, identification of the size and location of people inside the building should be preceded. To do this, first, we conduct a preliminary study on existing location tracking technologies to identify occupants. Based on this, in this paper, we will study how to improve evacuation time in case of a fire in super high-rise buildings. For this purpose, we utilize the location tracking technology to identify the number of people in real time and improve the density when a disaster such as a fire occurs.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2023

Purpose: In order to reduce industrial accidents caused by forklift trucks, it is actually necessary to analyze the causes of accidents. This study aims to present disaster prevention measures by analyzing accident cases by forklift accident type. Method: For the analysis of industrial accidents, including serious industrial accidents caused by forklifts from 2021 to 2022, accident statistics from the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency were used to analyze accidents in four types. Result: In the last two years, the total number of victims, including deaths and other serious injuries, was 2,559, which was 1,396 in 2021 and 1,163 in 2022. Disaster prevention measures were presented for industrial accidents by size and occurrence type of equipment that cause serious industrial accidents in which more than 1,000 people are injured annually. Conclusion: It is necessary to expand the number of workers subject to the forklift financial support project to less than 100. It is necessary to amend the proviso on boarding restrictions in Article 86, Paragraph 7 of the ｢Regulations on Industrial Safety and Health Standards｣. It is mandatory to install front and rear cameras. It is necessary to install driving-linked safety belts. It is necessary to install line beams obligatory. It is necessary to expand the subject of forklift special safety and health education to workplaces that have more than one forklift truck, and it is necessary to redesignate the training hours to 16 hours every year.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1981

This study was aimed at expanding the tea plant culture in Korea to further north, and the leaf-form and the cold resistance of the tea plants selected form 7 districts(around Korea) were investigated. 1. The length of tea leaf is 5.1cm to 8.4cm, the width of the leaf is 2.3cm to 3.6cm, but the area of tea leaf in Mt. Mudung is $26.88cm^2$ and that is the widest of all. 2. The tooth number of the tea leaf in 43 to 73 but the number of Mt. Borim is remarkably number of all. The tooth number is increased or decreased in proportion to the leaf width and to the leaf length. 3. The lateral vein number is generally 13 to 19. The vein number of Mt. Borim is especially number of all. That is also increased or decreased in proportion to the leaf width and to the leaf length. 4. In general, the number of leaf formation index is 2 to 3, and ablong. 5. In general, those which come upper lands are remarkably small in length and width of the tea leaf and those which come from level lands are large. 6. All kinds of tea plant which is growing in Korea, area, are the same as those imported from China : Thea sinensis Linne var. Bohea. 7. I supposed that the external form of tea plant has a little changed by geography or climate for many a long day, since the tea plant had been transplanted in Mt. Samsin. 8. In the treatment of low temperature and duration of vernalization of their plants, those selected from Mt. Mudung and Mt. Hwaun were the coldest resistance, those from Mt. Samsin and Mt. Borim were medium and those from Mt. Joge and Nursery were cold sensitive. 9. The critical temperature of the tea plant from Mt. Mudung, Mt, Hwaum, Mt, Samsin and Mt. Borim was about $-10^{\circ}C$, and that from Mt. Joga and Nursery was about $-5^{\circ}C$. The critical temperature of frost injury of all tea plants in this experiments was $-15^{\circ}C$. 10. In spite of increasing the vernalization time, the critical temperature was not effected, but the treatments over critical temperature were increased their frost injuries. Based on these results, the coldest resistance, Mt. Mudung tea plant, was considered expanding their culture to further north improvement yields of the tea plants in Korea.