• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.1 s.33
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• pp.45-56
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• 1991

The history of occupational health in Korea s covered the era of the Republic of Korea after the Liberation from the Japanese colonialism. But the number of Korean workers exceeded about 2 millions at the times of liberation in 1945, so that it is expected that many occupational health problems inflicted Korean workers under the Japanese colonialism. The authors reviewed medical literatures, administrative documents, and other available data which were published under the colonial state, and collected things which had reference to the health status of Korean workers. The results were as follows : 1. Nutritional status of Korean workers was supposed to be inferior to that of general population, some students, and poor inhabitants in a remote mountain villages. 2. It was supposed that the constitution of Korean workers was near lower limit of average build of contemporary Koreans. 3. The accidents rate in mines was significantly high but decreasing year after year, and the most important cause of accidents was the fall of roof in the mine. The medical facilities and equipments for miners were supposed to be not sufficient in the mines and workshops. 4. Some occupational disease including silicosis, noise-induced hearing impairment, and decompression disease were known. But, overall incidence or prevalence of these diseases could not be identified. 5. On the whole, the fatalities of acute infectious diseases of Korean workers were higher than those of Japanese inhabitants in Korea and Korean inhabitants. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis of Korean workers was increasing with every passing year. 6. The medical personnels and facilities were so deficient that most Korean workers were out of adequate medical use. We discussed only a part of the health status of Korean workers under the Japanese colonialism, so it would be necessary to have a better grasp of details of occupational health policy and health status in the era of afflicting.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.66-80
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• 1984

The organic phosphorus compounds have been widely used as an insecticide, since toxicity of these compounds is especially drastic to the insects than to men and other mammals. The organic phosphates are rapidly hydrolized and hence have little cumulative and ecologic effects. However, due to their acute toxic effects organophosphate have recorded rather high fatalities in men and domestic animals. The organic phosphorus compounds are powerful inhibitors to the carboxylic esterase enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase. As a result of firm binding characteristics of phosphate radicals to the active sites of enzyme, the activities of these enzymes are inhibited by the organophosphates. The organophosphates such as diazinon is easily observed from skin, gastrointestinal tract, conjunctivas and respiratory tract, and it is converted to more toxic form during metabolism in the liver The present study was carried out in order to investigate the hepatotoxicity of diazinon by observing the changes in the ultrastructure of cytoplasmic organelles of hepatic cells in albino mice. The animals were killed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration of 25mg/kg diazinon. The piece of hepatic tissue obtained from each animal was ultrathinly sectioned. The specimens stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate double contrast methods were observed with JEM model 100B electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1) A prominent dilatation and sacculation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with detachment of membrane bound-ribosomes, and disaggregation of the free ribosomes were recognized. 2) The hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with depletion of the glycogen particles was observed. 3) The atrophy of cisternae of Golgi complex was observed. 4) A large number of secondary lysosomes (autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies) were formed. Consequently it is suggested that diazinon would induce disorganization of the cytoplasmic organelles of hepatocytes in albino mice.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 2020

To determine tornadic wind loads, the wind pressure, forces and moments induced by tornadoes on civil structures have been studied. However, in most previous studies, only the individual building of interest was included in the wind field, which may be suitable to simulate the case where a tornado strikes rural areas. The statistical data has indicated that tornadoes induce more significant fatalities and property loss when they attack densely populated areas. To simulate this case, all buildings in the community of interest should be included in the wind field. However, this has been rarely studied. To bridge this research gap, this study will systematically investigate the influence of a community of buildings on tornadic wind fields by modeling all buildings in the community into the wind field (designated as "the Community case under tornadic winds"). For comparison, the case in which only a single building is included in the tornadic wind field (designated as "the Single-building case under tornadic winds") and the case where a community of buildings are included in the equivalent straight-line wind field (designated as "the Community case under straight-line winds") are also simulated. The results demonstrate that the presence of a number of buildings completely destroys the pattern of regular circular strips in the distribution of tangential velocity and pressure on horizontal planes. Above the roof height, the maximum tangential velocity is lower in the Community case under tornadic winds than that in the Single-building case under tornadic winds because of the higher surface friction in the Community case; below the roof height, greater tangential velocity and pressure are observed in the Community case under tornadic wind fields, and more unfavorable conditions are observed in the Community case under tornadic winds than under the equivalent straight-line winds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.55-72
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• 1987

The work analyzes the existing situation and defines special problems concerning traffic accidents in the two countries. The report is divided into three parts: 1) Using the global approach of SMEED, the data were evaluated using multiple regression analysis, and homogeneous groups of countries were defined by cluster analysis. In the global approach, the linear model is better than SMEED's non-linear model in explaining the number of fatalities. Among the different groups of countries, the linear approach was found to be better suited for industrialized countries and the non-linear approach better for the developing countries. T도 comparison of traffic fatality data for the Federal Republic the developing countries. The comparison of traffic fatality data for the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Korea showed different regression equations during the same time period. 2) The BOX/JENKINS time series analysis on a monthly basis points out clearly similar seasonal patterns for the two countries over the years studied. The decrease in traffic accidents following the intensification of the safety belt requirement was proved in the ARIMA model. It amounts to 7 to 8 percent fewer personal injury accidents and fatal accidents. The identified increase in safety in the Federal Republic of Germany since the 1970s is mainly due to the reduction of accident severity in residential areas. 3) Speeds and headways on motorways in th3e two countries were also compared. The measurements point out that German road users drive faster, take more risks, and accept shorter time gaps than Korean road users. However, the accident statistics show accident rates for Korea that are several times higher than those in the Federal Republic of Germany.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

Purpose: It can be said that the aged belong to the group vulnerable to safety accidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate safety accidents to old people and provide basic data to prevent them from being in a safety accident. Result : 1. The number of the aged of traffic accident fatalities per 100,000 persons was 57.8, which was significantly higher than other OECD countries. 2. trauma for the aged, falling accounted for 60.6%, which was relatively higher than other wounds, probably because of decreased capacity of movement and reduced faculty of sensation. 3. accidents to the aged at home, 43.9% occurred in a room, which shows great risk of safety accidents to the aged in a room. 4. the aged generally showed negative awareness of social safety. Suggestion : 1. it is necessary to provide regular education about accidents through the mass media and at social welfare facilities in order for aged people to consolidate safety consciousness repeatedly. 2. it is necessary to make a brief and clear guide to prevention of accidents. 3. the Ministry of Construction and Transportation and the Ministry of Health and Welfare should give priority to designing a building for aged people and authorize construction according to the standards for establishing safety facilities for the aged. 4. it is necessary to change social consciousness. since transportation accidents can be caused not by aged people's insufficient safety consciousness but by that of all the people, it is necessary to provide society-wide education programs against dangerous driving in order to guarantee aged people's safety. 5. legal procedure to secure aged people's safety should be strengthened to reinforce legal protection for them.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

Despite the efforts for enhancing the safety record, construction industry has been suffered from higher fatalities than other industries. The poor record of safety in construction industry means that there is a clear need for an effective countermeasure. As mentioned in previous studies, it is important to identify the type of activities or risks that are likely to cause accidents and to develop appropriate safety measures. Considering the large number of accident cases on the temporary installations including work platforms and work passages, the temporary installations should be managed first. To support it, this study aims to analyze falling accident cases on construction working platforms and passages which can lead to develop proper safety measures. Through the analysis of 1663 accident cases in the perspective of cost, progress, activity, and type of workers, this study identifies how the recent accidents occur and what is the cause of the accident occurrence. The identified causes of accident occurrence will help us to improve current construction safety.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 2022

After the death of Min-sik Kim in Asan, South Chungcheong Province in September 2019, awareness of the school zone has been increasing, and the traffic law is being revised continuously. However, despite these efforts, the number of traffic accidents among children has not decreased significantly. This indicates the need for a new direction considering the behavioral characteristics of children and the traffic environment. Therefore, this study identified the current status and problems of school zones through case analysis of school zones in Korea. In addition, we analyzed the Vision Zero policy, the concept of Home Zone, and engineering-oriented road design cases and operation methods in Sweden, an advanced country in traffic safety. In addition, the cases of the two countries were compared and organized focusing on the basic principles of disaster prevention design. The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction of design and policy to improve school zone problems in Korea. Through this, it is expected that the results of this study will be used as data for future research development for the reduction of school zone fatalities in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality in pre-elderly and elderly individuals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: We employed a case-control study design, utilizing secondary data from the Epidemiology Surveillance, Immunization Prevention, and Disease Control Sections of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office, collected from December 2020 to January 2021. The study included 188 cases and an equal number of controls. Cases were COVID-19 patients confirmed to have died, as reported by hospitals and communities and subsequently verified by healthcare workers. Control subjects were patients who completed a 14-day isolation period and had been officially declared recovered by healthcare professionals. The dependent variable was the mortality of COVID-19 patients in the January 2021 period. The independent variables consisted of demographic data (age and sex), clinical symptoms (cough, runny nose, anosmia, diarrhea, headaches, abdominal pain, muscle pain, and nausea/vomiting), and comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes). Multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression. Results: The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed several factors associated with COVID-19 fatalities in Jakarta: age of 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.84; 95% CI, 3.00 to 7.80), male (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 2.41 to 3.68), dyspnea (OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.04 to 7.55), anosmia (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.46), and heart disease (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.04 to 18.46). Conclusions: The control and prevention of COVID-19 among elderly individuals require particular vigilance. When a COVID-19 case is detected within this demographic, prompt treatment and medication administration are crucial to mitigate the presenting symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.2 s.95
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• pp.95-105
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• 2007

Speeding and drunken driving make drivers fail to detect hazards and cope with various driving situations. These behaviors also raise the possibility of being involved in traffic accidents and tend to increase the number of fatalities. The authors compared the driving behavior determinants of a rockless drivers group, consisting of individuals who have committed traffic accidents or offended regulations through drunken driving, with a normal drivers group. In the results, the reckless drivers group showed high scores of 'speeding' and 'drunken driving', and they also stated that they had more experiences of speeding, drunken driving and traffic accidents. In the path analysis study, it was found that the impacts of the rockless drivers group's 'risk sensitivity' and 'situational adaptability' on traffic accidents were stronger than those of normal drivers. This means 'risk sensitivity' and 'situational adaptability' can explain the origins of traffic accidents better in the reckless drivers group than accidents of the normal drivers group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.163-175
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• 2002

Fatalities from traffic accidents constitute one of the major health issues as well as safety ones in Korea. It has been reported that traffic accident is affected by the combined effects of road. vehicle. and human factors. Over the past few decades, a number of studies have been conducted to find the impact of road geometric factors on traffic safety. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of road geometric factors on traffic safety on Korean expressways. Detailed geometric design data were available from Korea Highway Corporation. Five-year traffic accident data on Honam expressway were collected and analyzed. It was found that following geometric factors influence traffic safety on expressways : radius of curve, curve length, and length of straight section. Furthermore, the existence of I.C. turned out to have a significant impact on traffic safety level. Based on the data analysis several multiple regression forms that relate traffic accident frequencies and geometric factors on expressways are developed.