• ALGAE
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2002

Scytosiphonaceae is an acetocarpalean brown algal family, that is a recent focus of synstematics and marine biodiversity. We describe Petalonia zosterifolia and Scytosiphon gracilis from Korea for the first time. P. zosterifolia occurred on the East coast, and had flat, linear and solid thalli. S. gracilis was found in Jeju, and had cylindircal to flat and hol-low thalli. However, these two species are so similar that it is difficult to identify by morphology alone. In order to determine if the nuclear DNA reveals the distinctness of both species and to know their phylogenies, the ITS region sequences were newly detrmined in 22 samples of P. zosterifolia, Scytosiphon gracilis, and other three members of the genera from Korea. We found 0.12% variation among samples of P. zosterifolia from different locations, and no variation between S. gracilis samples from diferent years, but extensive interspecific divergences (13.62-22.83%) of each species to other members in Petalonia and Scytosiphon . The ITS sequence dta consistently showed a close relationship between P. zosterifolia and S. gracilis. This result is congruent with morphology and with the published data of plastid rbc and partial nrDNA large subunit gene sequences, and suggests that P. zosterifolia and S. gracilis might have diverged from the most recent common ancestor.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2012

Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships of 7 taxa of Korean Carpesium including three outgroup (Inula britannica L., Inula germanica L., Rhanteriopsis lannginosa (DC.) Rauschert) by using ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic studies used maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods analysis. The length of the ITS sequences was 731 bp, and the lengths of the ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S regions were 284~297 bp, 264~266 bp and 164 bp, respectively. The total number of variable sites was 111 for the entire sequences, and a parsimony informative sites of 64 are valid. Base change appeared variously in ITS1 rather than in ITS2. As the result, Korean Carpesium were formed monophyletic group and C. abrotanoides situated as the most basal clade. The results show that C. macrocephalum is closely related with C. triste. C. rosulatum has the closest relationship with C. glossophyllum. C. cernuum is close to C. divaricatum. These results suggest that the ITS data used in this study could be useful for the phylogenetic analysis of Korean Carpesium.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.129.1-129
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The $NAD^+$ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a type of vitamin $B_3$ found in cow's milk and yeast-containing food products such as beer. Recent studies suggested that NR prevents hearing loss, high-fat diet-induced obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondrial myopathy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NR on inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: A subset of hepatocytes was treated with palmitic acid (PA; $250{\mu}M$) for 48 h to induce hepatocyte steatosis. The hepatocytes were treated with NR ($10{\mu}M$ and 10 mM) for 24 h with and without PA. The cell viability and the levels of sirtuins, inflammatory markers, and mitochondrial markers were analyzed. RESULTS: Cytotoxicity of NR was examined by PrestoBlue assay. Exposure to NR had no effect on cell viability or morphology. Gene expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirt3 was significantly upregulated by NR in PA-treated hepatocytes. However, Sirt1 activities were increased in hepatocytes treated with low-dose NR. Hepatic pro-inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were decreased in NR-treated cells. NR upregulated anti-inflammatory molecule adiponectin, and, tended to down-regulate hepatokine fetuin-A in PA-treated hepatocytes, suggesting its inverse regulation on these cytokines. NR increased levels of mitochondrial markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator-$1{\alpha}$, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, uncoupling protein 2, transcription factor A, mitochondrial and mitochondrial DNA in PA-treated hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated that NR attenuated hepatic inflammation and increased levels of mitochondrial markers in hepatocytes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

Comparative molecular analysis has been frequently adopted for the authentication of herbal medicines as well as the identification of botanical origins. Roots and rhizomes of the family Umbelliferae have been used as traditional herbal medicines to relieve various symptoms such as inflammation, neuralgia and paralysis in countries of East Asia. Since most herbal medicines of the Umbelliferae roots or rhizomes are generally supplied in the form of dried slices, morphological examination does not often provide sufficient evidence to identify the botanical origin. Using species-specific probes developed by the comparative analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences, a DNA chip was developed to identify herbal medicines for 13 species in the Umbelliferae. The developed DNA Chip proves its potential as a rapid, sensitive and effective tool for authenticating herbal medicines in future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2015

We reviewed the taxonomic identity and morphological characteristics of Cardamine manshurica (Kom.) Nakai based on its original description and type specimens. Cardamine manshurica, with its smaller flowers and siliques and earlier flowering season, is distinguished from the closely related species C. flexuosa With. This species-level difference is additionally supported in a phylogenetic tree constructed using nrDNA ITS sequences. Taken together, we therefore propose that C. manshurica is a distinct species. The scientific name 'Cardamine manshurica (Kom.) Nakai' is accepted.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.335-358
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• 2004

To investigate molecular phylogenetic relationships and to test hypothesis of hybrid origin of Ranunculus cantoniensis (Ranunculaceae), the sequences of nrDNA and chloroplast DNA were analyzed for 8 taxa and 25 accessions including 5 accessions of outgroup. In the phylogenetic trees by analyses of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood for ITS nrDNA sequences and combined data of psbA-trnH, rps16 and trnL sequences of cpDNA, R. cantoniensis was most closely related to R. chinensis, and then to R. taciroi and R. silerifolius. The molecular phylogenetic relationships were not congruent with the previous report that R. cantoniensis was most closely related to R. silerifolius. In the sequence analysis of ITS and psbA-trnH, rps16, trnL for R. cantoniensis and the related taxa, R. cantoniensis showed polymorphism. It supported that the polymorphism also was reported in chromosome number and karyotype of R. cantoniensis. Ranunculus cantoniensis shared the marker gene of R. chinensis and R. silerifolius in ITS, and one of R. silerifolius in cpDNA. These results supported the hypothesis that R. cantoniensis was caused by hybridization between R. chinensis and R. silerifolius based on chromosome number and karyotype, and also estimated that R. silerifolius might be of maternal origin and R. chinensis be paternal.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2014

The petal and sepal micromorphology of five species of Glechoma (Lamiaceae) was investigated to evaluate their taxonomic significance, and a molecular phylogeny using the sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA was carried out to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Stomatal complexes were mostly found in the inner and outer part of the sepal from all investigated taxa, and the size length of the guard cell was variable among the taxa. Five types of trichomes (uni-cellular non-glandular trichome, multi-cellular non-glandular trichome, short-stalked capitate glandular trichome, long-stalked capitate glandular trichome, and peltate glandular trichome) were variable among the taxa as well as their distribution and density. In molecular phylogenetic studies, the genus Glechoma was composed of three geographically distinct major monophyletic groups (Europe-U.S.A., China-Korea, Japan). G. longituba in Korea and China formed well-supported monophyletic group. G. hederacea in Europe and U.S.A. formed a monophyletic and well-supported clade with G. sardoa, which are endemic species in Italy, with G. hirsuta falling as a sister to this clade. However, G. grandis did not form any phylogenetic relationships with the remaining taxa. The ITS analyses provided taxonomic boundaries of taxa in Glechoma although the petal and sepal micromorphological characters provided weak evidences of the systematic value. As further studies, incorporating more DNA regions to the matrix including other additional morphological analysis will be significant to provide clearer taxonomic structure in Glechoma.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.182-187
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• 2004

Strain NR $15-1^T$ isolated from traditional Korean Nuruk is described as a new species and named as Aspergillus coreanus NR $15-1^T$ sp. novo Strain NR $15-1^T$ grew rapidly to form yellow-green colonies whose surfaces were velvety on Czapek solution agar. Conidial heads were yellow to light and elliptical, whereas the conidiophore was colorless and typically long. In addition, vesicles were from flask-shaped to globose, and sterigmata are uniseriate. Conidia were spherical and deep yellow-green, and their surfaces were lightly roughened. The G＋C content of strain NR $15-1^T$ was 51 mol% and strain NR $15-1^T$contained a dihydrogenated ubiquinone with Q9 (94.9%) as a major quinone. The nucleotide sequences of strain NR $15-1^T$ in the two Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS 1 and 2) and 5.8S rDNA showed highest similarity when compared with that of A. tubingensis and A. phoenicis NRRL $365^T$. However, based on morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this strain was different from A. tubingensis and A. phoenicis NRRL $365^T$. On the basis of the data presented, it is proposed that strain NR $15-1^T$ should be placed in the genus Aspergillus as a new species, Aspergillus coreanus sp. novo Therefore, the type strain of the new species is strain NR $15-1^T$ (=KCTC 18075P^T,=KCCM 80006^T$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.358-369
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• 2011

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA from genus Chrysosplenium were sequenced to address phylogenetic relationship. ITS including 5.8S sequence varied in length from 647 bp to 653 bp. Among them, 219 sites were variable sites with parsimony-informative. The aligned sequences were analyzed by maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. In the strict consensus trees of parsimony analysis, the monophyly of Chrysosplenium was supported by 100% bootstrap value. The first clade, C. pseudofauriei was at the basal position of the genus, and others formed two clades with high bootstrap support. The second clade included Ser. Pilosa and Ser. Oppositifolia and third clade included Ser. Alternifolia and Ser. Flagellifera. The NJ trees showed essentially the same topology. Finally, DNA sequences of ITS regions were useful phylogenetic marker in this genus. Based on the ITS and ridge seed morphological results, C. sphaerospermum Maxim. and C. valdepilosum (Ohwi) S.H. Kang & J.W. Han were discussed their scientific names and taxonomic positions.