• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 2차원의 압축성 Navier-Stokes 코드를 개발하여 mixer-ejector 노즐의 유동장 해석을 다양한 덕트와 노즐 면적비 및 노즐 압력비에 대하여 계산을 수행하였다. 덕트와 노즐 면적비 계산에서는 먼저 효율적인 2차 유동의 유입을 위한 최적의 면적비가 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 높은 면적비에서는 입구 자유유동의 적절한 혼합없이 mixing duct를 그대로 통과하는 것을 볼 수 있었고, 낮은 면적비에서는 제트의 경계가 유입 유동에 장애물로 작용하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 노즐 압력비의 계산에 있어서는 shroud 벽면과 shock cell structure 간에 상호작용이 작다면 유입유량은 압력비에 따라 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.460-465
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• 2004

ESPR project started in 1999 with METI and NEDO support as five-years program in order to develop necessary technologies for the next-generation SST engine. In ESPR program, jet noise reduction technologies are focused as environmentally compatible technologies, which are critical to realize next-generation SST. In designing a lobed mixer nozzle which is a jet noise suppression system, there are many difficulties to understand the detailed flow phenomena occurred in the system because of its complexity. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was applied to the lobed mixer nozzle flow analysis in ESPR project. The results demonstrated that LES approach was capable of predicting mixing characteristics of a complicated flow.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2023

The appropriate injection of H₂O₂ is essential to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH·) by mixing H₂O₂ quickly and exposing the resulting H₂O₂ solution to UV irradiation. This study focused on evaluating mixing device of H₂O₂ as a design factor of UV/H₂O₂ AOP pilot plant using a surface water. The experimental investigation involved both experimental and model-based analyses to evaluate the mixing effect of different devices available for the H₂O₂ injection of a tubular hollow pipe, elliptical type of inline mixer, and nozzle-type injection mixer. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was employed to model and simulate the mixing devices. The results showed that the elliptical type of inline mixer showed the highest uniformity of 95%, followed by the nozzle mixer with 83%, and the hollow pipe with only 18%, after passing through each mixing device. These results indicated that the elliptical type of inline mixer was the most effective in mixing H₂O₂ in a bulk. Regarding the pressure drops between the inlet and outlet of pipe, the elliptical-type inline mixer exhibited the highest pressure drop of 15.8 kPa, which was unfavorable for operation. On the other hand, the nozzle mixer and hollow pipe showed similar pressure drops of 0.4 kPa and 0.3 kPa, respectively. Experimental study showed that the elliptical type of inline and nozzle-type injection mixers worked well for low concentration (less than 5mg/L) of H₂O₂ injection within 10% of the input value, indicating that both mixers were appropriate for required H₂O₂ concentration and mixing intensity of UV/ H₂O₂ AOP process. Additionally, the elliptical-type inline mixer proved to be more stable than the nozzle-type injection mixer when dealing with highly concentrated pollutants entering the UV/H₂O₂ AOP process. It is recommended to use a suitable mixing device to meet the desired range of H₂O₂ concentration in AOP process.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2007

A visualization study of flow characteristics in a mixer using multi-nozzle bubbling was performed. The mixer is filed with liquid glycerin (dynamic viscosity = $1000mPa{\cdot}s\;at\;25^{\circ}C$) and convective mixing is induced by air bubbles generated from 9 orifices installed on the bottom of the mixer. To visualize the flow field, PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system consisting of 532nm Nd:YAG laser, $2k{\times}2k$ CCD camera and synchronizer is adopted. The bubbles generated with uniform size and frequency form bubble stream and bubble streams rise vertically without interaction between bubble streams. Mixing efficiency is affected by the height of bubbler and the effective height of bubbler is 20nm from the bottom of the mixer.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가시화정보학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.48-54
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• 2006

A visualization study of flow characteristics in a mixer using multi-nozzle bubbling was performed. The mixer is filled with liquid glycerin (dynamic viscosity = $1000mPa{\cdot}$ s at $25^{\circ}C$) and convective mixing is induced by air bubbles generated from 9 orifices installed on the bottom of the mixer. To visualize the flow field, PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system consisting of 532nm Nd:YAG laser, $2k\times2k$ CCD camera and synchronizer is adopted. The bubbles generated with uniform size and frequency form bubble stream, and bubble streams rise vertically without interaction between bubble streams. Mixing efficiency is affected by the height of bubbler and the effective height of bubbler is 20mm from the bottom of the mixer.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.777-782
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• 2001

In this study, we used In-line orifice mixer for efficient chemicals mixing in water treatment. The method of using In-line orifice mixer has been already proved the improvement of water treatment efficiency. Numerical study was performed using FLUENT, a commercial code, to standard design and production of effective In-line orifice mixer. As variable for exactly standardizing, a proper ratio between an outer diameter of cone and a diameter of pipe, a distance between cone and orifice, a determination of orifice diameter for an optimal mixing, a distance between injection nozzle's position and cone, Numerical study has been performed for optimal standard and analyzed flow field on a basis of turbulent intensity in an orifice downstream.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2003

The liquid phase LPG injection (LPLI) system is considered as one of the next generation fuel supply systems for LPG, vehicles, since it can accomplish the higher power, higher efficiency, and lower emission characteristics than the existing mixer type fuel supply system. However, during the injection of liquid LPG fuel into the inlet duct of an engine, a large quantity of heat is extracted due to evaporation of fuel. A problem is that the moisture in the air freezes around the outlet of a nozzle, which is called icing Phenomenon. It may cause damage to the outlet nozzle of an injector. The frozen ice deposit detached from the nozzle also may cause a considerable damage to the inlet valve or valve seat. In this work, the experimental investigation of the icing phenomenon was carried out. The results showed that the icing phenomenon and process were mainly affected by humidity of inlet air instead of the air temperature in the inlet duct. Also, it was observed that the icing occurs first in the inlet of a nozzle, and grows considerably at the upper part of the nozzle inlet and the opposite side of the nozzle entrance. An LPG fuel, mainly consisting of butane, has lower latent heat of vaporization than that of propane, which is an advantage in controlling the icing phenomenon.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2001년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.132-137
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• 2001

We used In-line orifice mixer for efficient chemicals mixing in water treatment. The method of using In-line orifice mixer has been already proved the improvement of water treatment efficiency. Code of computational fluid dynamics for numerical analysis was performed using FLUENT, a commercial code. As variable for exactly standardizing, a proper ratio between an outer diameter of deflector and a diameter of pipe, the distance between deflector and orifice, a determination of orifice diameter fur an optimal mixing, a distance between injection nozzle's position and cone, Numerical study has been performed for optimal standard and analyzed flow field on a basis of turbulent intensity in an orifice downstream.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

The liquid phase LPG injection (LPLI) system (the third generation technology) has been considered as one of the next generation fuel supply systems for LPG vehicles, since it has a very strong potential to accomplish the higher power, higher efficiency, and lower emission characteristics than the mixer type(the second generation technology) fuel supply system However. when a liquid LPG fuel is injected into the inlet duct of an engine, a large quantity of heat is extracted due to evaporation of fuel. This leads to freezing of the moisture in the air around the outlet of a nozzle, which is called icing phenomenon. It may cause damage to the outlet nozzle of an injector or inlet valve seat. In this work, the experimental investigation of the icing phenomenon was carried out The results showed that the icing phenomenon and process were mainly affected by humidity of inlet air instead of air temperature in the inlet duel. Also, it was observed that the total ice formed around the nozzle weighs at about $150mg{\sim}260mg$ after injection for ten minutes. And some fuel species were found in the ice attached at the front side of a nozzle, while frozen ice attached at the back of a nozzle was mostly' consisted of moisture of inlet air. Therefore, some frozen ice deposit. detached from front nozzle of an injector, may cause a problem of unfavorable air fuel ratio control in the small LPLI engine.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.207-220
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• 2012

본 연구에서 고형침전물이 누적되어 쌓이는 것을 효과적으로 부유시키고 혼합하여 미세한 공기방울이 액비에 접촉함으로서 발효촉진을 도모하고자 폭기식 2류체 제트노즐 설계조건 구명시험을 실시하여 1차 노즐과 2차 노즐 구경비 설정 및 1차 노즐에서의 액체의 적정 유속을 설정하고, CFD 이용 유동해석에 의한 노즐 분사구 위치를 설정하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 가축분뇨 액비저장조 침전물 교반장치를 제작하여 농가에 많이 보급되고 있는 200 ton 규모의 액비저장조에 설치하여 침전물 교반 성능을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 침전물 교반기의 설계조건 구명을 위해 2류체 노즐을 공시하여 시험한 결과 1차 노즐과 2차 노즐의 구경비를 1:2로 한 상태에서 1차 노즐의 유속을 12.3 m/s 이상으로 하여야 기체 기포의 미세화가 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 컴퓨터유동해석을 한 결과 노즐의 설치간격을 같게 하는 것이 노즐당 담당부피를 같게 설치하는 것보다 효율적인 것으로 분석되었다. 3. 설계요인 시험과 유동해석을 토대로 4개의 노즐이 일자형 관에 설치된 침전물교반 장치를 제작 200톤 저장조에 설치 가동시험을 실시하였다. 먼저, 전체 평균 TS와 VS가 각각 23.4 g/L, 15.5 g/L인데 반하여, 교반 전 40 cm 이상 높이의 TS 및 VS가 평균 21.1 g/L, 13.3 g/L으로 교반기를 가동하지 않는 경우는 많은 고형물이 바닥에 가라앉아 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한, 가동 후 45분이 경과한 후에는 TS와 VS 모두 전체 평균과 동일한 값을 나타내고 있어 침전물들이 충분히 부유되어 혼합됨을 확인할 수 있다. 액체제트 분사교반 45 분후에 평균 23.5 g/L, 15.5 g/L로, 액체-기체 2류체 노즐 사용시 23.6 g/L, 14.9 g/L로 증가한 것은 교반 전에 바닥에 침전되어 있던 고형물들을 부유시켜 교반 혼합하는 것이 가능한 것으로 판단되었으며, 호기발효를 고려하지 않은 균일도 측면에서는 액체제트를 사용한 것이 보다 균일한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 침전물 교반기의 가동주기를 알아보기 위해 가축분뇨의 교반을 중지하였을 때 2시간 후에도 0.4 m 높이에서 TS 및 VS가 증가하고 있어 교반정지 간격을 2시간으로 주어도 교반기 운영에는 큰 지장이 없을 것으로 판단된다.