• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2002

This study has focused on using fuel injections as variables for measuring performance and reducing exhaust gas in turbo-charger diesel engine. In experiments, we changed nozzle hole diameter, diameter of an injection pipe, and injection timing as variable. The results show that torque. fuel consumption and smoke are reduced as nozzle hole diameter decreases, while NOx increases. When the diameter of injector is reduced, torque, fuel consumption and smoke are deteriorated, but NOx is decreased. In addition, when the time for injection is advanced. torque, fuel consumption and smoke are improved, but the density of NOx is increased.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2004

future exhaust emission limits for diesel-driven passenger cars will force the automotive company to significantly develop of the new technologies of diesel engine respectively of the drive assemblies. As we know, the contributions of soot and nitrogen oxide is the main problems in diesel engine. Recently, as a result, the pilot injection of common-rail fuel injection system recognizes an alternative function to solve an environmental problem. This study describes the effect of the nozzle structure and driven characteristic of injector on pilot injection fur a passenger car common-rail system. The pilot spray structure such as spray tip penetration, spray speed and spray angle were obtained by high speed images, which is measured by the Mie scattering method with optical system fur high-speed temporal photography. Also the CFD analysis was carried out for fuel behavior under high pressure in between needle and nozzle of injector for common-rail system to know the condition of initial injection at experiment test. It was found that solenoid-driven injector with 5-hole was faster than 6-hole injector in spray speed at same conditions and piezo-driven injector showed faster response than solenoid injector.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1999

풍전압력비와 2차 제트 분사구 위치에 따른 2차분사 추력방향 제어(SITVC: secondary injection thrust vector control) 성능특성 변화를 수치해석하였다. 2차 제트 분사에 의해 간섭된 수축-팽창노즐 내부의 초음속유동장을 대상으로 3차원 비정상 오일러 방정식을 내재적으로 근사인자분해된 Beam과 Warming의 방법을 사용하여 차분하였으며, 2차 분사 제트에 의한 추력비 비추력비 및 전향각에 대한 성능변화를 고찰하였다. 연구결과 측추력과 비추력비는 2차 분사 질량유량에 비래하여 증가하는 반면, 비추력 성능은 감소되어 2차 분사 질량유량이 적을 수록 추력 성능손실이 적어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동일한 전압력비에 대하여 2차 제트 분사위치가 노즐의 하류에 위치할수록 고속기 주유동과의 간섭에 의한 강한 충격파로 인하여 측추력과 측비추력의 증가와 함께 추력방향 제어성능이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2004

선박 기관실의 고정식 소화장치로 사용되는 $CO_2 $ 소화장치의 소화효과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자 중 분사노즐위치를 변화시켜 이산화탄소 소화제 전달특성에 대한 전산모이실험을 3차원 비정상상태로 수행하였다. 노즐위치에 따라 유동장과 $CO_2$ 소화제 농도장을 계산하였다 소화제 분사노즐을 공간의 천장 중앙에 매치 한 경우, 천장에 형성되는 대칭 천장 제트가 대칭면에서 서로 부딪혀 저농도 하향 유동을 발생시켜 분사주위에는 규정농도 이하의 농도분포를 형성시킨다. 벽의 모서리에서는 소화제질량전달이 촉진되는 경향으로 인해 농도곡선은 모서리 부근에서 피크를 나타낸다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2001

VCO nozzle is devised to minimize the HC emission and has been applied on some HSDI diesel engines. But it is not well reported whether VCO nozzle would be advantageous over SAC nozzle in a small HSDI diesel engine. In this paper it is presented that characteristics of VCO and SAC nozzle under common rail fuel injection system and their effects on the performance in a small HSDI diesel engine.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.393-396
• /
• 2002

Submerged gas-injected system can be applied to various industrial field such as metallurgical and chemical processes, So this study aims at presenting the relevant relationship between gas phase and liquid phase in a gas-injected bath. In a cylinderical bath, local gas volume fraction and bubble frequency were measured by electroconductivity probe and oscilloscope. The temperature of each phase was measured using thermocouple and data acquisition system. In vertical gas injection system, gas-liquid two phase plume was formed, being symmetry to the axial direction of injection nozzle and in a shape of con. Lacal gas-liquid flow becomes irregular around the injection nozzle due to kinetic energy of gas and the flow variables show radical change at the vicinity of gas(air) injection nozzle As most of the kinetic energy of gas was transferred to liquid in this region, liquid started to circulate. In this reason, this region was defined as 'developing flow region' The Bubble was taking a form of churn flow at the vicinity of nozzle. Sometimes smaller bubbles formed by the collapse of bubbles were observed. The gas injected into liquid bath lost its kinetic energy and then was governed by the effect of buoyancy. In this region the bubbles which lost their kinetic energy move upward with relatively uniform velocity and separate. Near the gas nozzle, gas concentration was the highest. But it started to decrease as the axial distance increased, showing a Gaussian distribution.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.467-473
• /
• 1996

Ultrasonic energy was applied for atomizing rice-bran oil which is a highly viscous bio fuel. Six different nozzles, an injection simulator, and an ultrasonic generator system were designed and constructed for the experiment. An immersion liquid method was used for the measurement of injection droplet sizes. The characteristics of injection droplets was investigated with respect to the numbers of the droplets with diameters ranging from 5$\mu$m 50$\mu$m and to the Sauter mean diameter. The results showed that the ultrasonic energy was effective for the improvement of the atomization of the injection droplets for all the factors such as type of nozzles, nozzle opening pressures, and collection distances.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2008

In the present study, the 2-fluid nozzle and 3-fluid nozzle to atomize the diesel and water with air for the fuel reformer of SOFC system were experimentally examined. In the 2-fluid nozzle, the diesel and water were alternately atomized due to bislug flow pattern, and it implies that the mixing of both liquids strongly affects the atomization pattern. On the other hand, in the 3-fluid nozzle, the diesel and water were atomized simultaneously due to the separated injection channels without mixing problem. Therefore, compared to the 2-fluid nozzle, the 3-fluid nozzle is suitable for the stable operation of the fuel reformer. In case of the 3-fluid nozzle, Type A where the air was supplied through the central channel was the most efficient.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2021

함정의 해수냉각 시스템은 화생방전에 의한 유해물질의 세척과 선체 외부의 적외선 신호를 저감하기 위해 설치된다. 시스템은 압력펌프, 각종 배관 그리고 해수분사용 노즐로 구성된다. 그리고 해수의 분사 압력과 노즐 종류에 따라 산포 범위가 결정된다. 따라서 해수의 산포 범위를 넓히고 해수냉각 시스템의 효율을 극대화하기 위해서는 적절한 분사 압력의 설정과 노즐의 최적 설계가 필요하다. 금속재료로 만들어지는 해수분사용 노즐은 초기 개발단계에서 금속 틀을 만들고 최적 성능을 만족할 때까지 수정된다. 이는 많은 시간과 비용을 유발하여 노즐개발에 어려움을 일으킨다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해수분사용 노즐의 초기 개발단계에서 시제품을 생성하기 위한 3D 프린팅 기술의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. 이를 위해 3D 프린팅 기술을 이용하여 압출 플라스틱 시험편을 제작하고 인장시험을 통해 시험편의 물리적 특성 값을 측정하였다. 그리고 측정 결과를 유한요소해석 조건에 적용해 해수의 분사 압력에 따른 노즐의 변형과 응력을 계산하였다. 유한요소해석 결과 노즐은 최적 압력에서 탄성 범위 내로 변화하였으며, 구조적으로 안정하다고 판단되어 본 연구의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.1481-1498
• /
• 2013

The SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system is highly-effective technique for NOx reduction from exhaust gases. In this study, the effects of the direction and size of nozzle and the ammonia injection concentration on the performance of SCR system are analyzed by using the computational fluid dynamics method. When the nozzle is arranged in zigzaged direction which is normal to exhausted gas flow, it is shown that the uniformity of gas flow and the NH3/NO molar ratio is improved remarkably. With the change of the ammonia injection concentration from 0.2 vol%(wet) to 1.0 vol%(wet), the uniformity of gas flow shows a good results. As the size of nozzle diameter changes from 6 mm to 12 mm, the uniformity of gas flow is maintained well. It is shown that the uniformity of the $NH_3/NO$ molar ratio becomes better with decreasing the ammonia injection concentration and the size of nozzle diameter.