• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This pre-post intervention study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week supervised modified Taekwondo exercise program on the functional fitness of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: 10 participants (mean age: 72.3 ± 4.6 years) completed the program over a 12-week period. The intervention consisted of Taekwondo-based exercises modified for older persons. Changes to functional fitness were measured using the finger-to-nose test, functional reach test, timed up and go test, 30-second sit-to-stand test, 30-second arm curl test, Chester step test, chair sit-and-reach test, and back scratch test. Participants were assessed prior to the training and after the final training session, changes were measured using descriptive statistics and paired sample 't' tests. RESULTS: Effect sizes ranged from small to large (Cohen's d = .22 to 1.23). The exercise program was well- tolerated by participants, with a high level of engagement and no attrition for the duration of the program. Results showed significant improvements in most measures of functional fitness (p < .05) except for the back scratch test (p = .051). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a well-designed, supervised, modified Taekwondo exercise program can significantly improve functional fitness in older adults.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.400-406
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• 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in nasal growth after the implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer in patients with bilateral incomplete cleft lip. Methods Twenty-six infants with bilateral incomplete cleft lip and cleft palate were included in the study. A preoperative nasal retainer was applied in 5 patients from the time of birth to 2.6-3.5 months before primary cheiloplasty. Twenty-one patients who were treated without a preoperative nasal retainer were placed in the control group. Standard frontal, basal, and lateral view photographs were taken 3 weeks before cheiloplasty, immediately after cheiloplasty, and at the 1- and 3-year postoperative follow-up visits. The columella and nasal growth ratio and nasolabial angle were indirectly measured using photographic anthropometry. Results The ratio of columella length to nasal tip protrusion significantly increased after the implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer compared to the control group for up to 3 years postoperatively (P<0.01 for all time points). The ratios of nasal width to facial width, nasal width to intercanthal distance, columellar width to nasal width, and the nasolabial angle, for the two groups were not significantly different at any time point. Conclusions Implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer provided significant advantages for achieving columellar elongation for up to 3 years postoperatively. It is a simple, reasonable option for correcting nostril shape, preventing deformities, and guiding development of facial structures.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.25.1-25.7
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• 2020

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE (immunoglobin-E) mediated inflammatory condition of upper respiratory tract; main clinical features involve runny nose, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching and watery eyes. AR is a global problem and has large variations in incidences, currently affects up to 20% - 40% of the population worldwide. It may not be a life-threatening disease per se but indisposition from the condition can be severe and has the potential to adversely affect the daily functioning of life. Classical yoga literature indicates that, components of yoga have been used to treat numerous inflammatory conditions including upper respiratory tract. A few yoga intervention studies reported improvement in lung capacity, Nasal air flow and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. This review examined various anti-inflammatory pathways mediated through Yoga that include downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The hypothalaminic-pitutary-adrenal (HPA) axis and vagal efferent stimulation has been reported to mediate anti-inflammatory effect. A significant reduction is also reported in other inflammatory biomarkers like- TNF-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), plasma CRP and Cortisol level. Neti, a yogic nasal cleansing technique, reported beneficial effect on AR by direct physical cleansing of thick mucus, allergens, and inflammatory mediator from nasal mucosa resulting in improved ciliary beat frequency. We do not find any study showing effect of yoga on neurogenic inflammation. In summary, Integrated Yoga Therapy may have beneficial effect in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with allergic rhinitis. Yoga may reduce inflammation through mediating neuro-endocrino-immunological network. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanism how yoga might modulate immune inflammation cascade and neurogenic inflammation at the cellular level in relevance to allergic rhinitis; the effects of kriyas (yogic cleansing techniques) also need to be evaluated in early and late phase of AR. So the proposed model could guide future research.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.699-709
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• 2020

This study utilized the crust by-product from dry-aged beef as a flavor enhancer for brown sauce and analyzed its physicochemical and organoleptic properties. The physiochemical properties include proximate composition, color, pH, swelling yield, viscosity, and salinity. The organoleptic properties were studied through electronic nose and sensory evaluations. The moisture content of the samples decreased while fat and protein content increased as crust content increased (p<0.05). The lightness, yellowness, and redness increased with increasing crust content (p<0.05). The pH of the samples also increased as the crust content increased. The viscosity significantly increased while salinity decreased with increasing crust content (p<0.05). The aromatic profiles of the control and samples with 5% and 10% crust addition were distinguishable; however, samples with crust additives between 10% and 15% gave similar aromatic profiles. The taste of the control sample was significantly lower than that of the samples formulated with the crust (p<0.05), and the sensory viscosity of the samples with 10% crust was significantly higher than that of the control (p<0.05). Flavor and overall acceptability tended to increase with increasing crust content of up to 10% addition (p<0.05). These results show that the crust from dry-aged beef loin crust is a suitable natural flavor enhancer for brown sauce and improves its physiochemical and organoleptic properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2015

An experimental study on aerodynamic coefficients of a lambda wing configuration was performed at the low speed wind tunnel of Agency for Defense Development. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sideslip angle on various aerodynamic coefficients. In the case of $0^{\circ}C$ sideslip angle, nose-up pitching moment rapidly increases at a specific angle of attack. This unstable pitching moment characteristic is referred to as pitch break or pitch up. As the sideslip angle increases, the pitch break is found to be generated at a higher angle of attack. Rolling moment is found to show similar behavior pattern to 'pitch break' style with angle of attack at non-zero sideslip angles. This trend gets severer at greater sideslip angles. Yawing moment also shows substantial variation of the slope and the unstable directional stability with sideslip angles at higher angles of attack. These characteristics of the three moments clearly implies the difficulty of the flight control which requires efficient control augmentation system.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2018

Objectives. Middle vault deviation has a significant effect on the aesthetic and functional aspects of the nose, and its management continues to be a challenge. Spreader graft and its modification techniques have been focused, but there has been scarce consideration for removing surplus portion and balancing the upper lateral cartilage (ULC). This study aimed to report the newly invented triangular-shaped resection technique ("triangular resection") of the ULC and to evaluate its efficacy for correcting middle vault deviation. Methods. A retrospective study included 17 consecutive patients who presented with middle vault deviation and underwent septorhinoplasty by using triangular resection at a tertiary academic hospital from February 2014 and March 2016. Their outcomes were evaluated pre- and postoperatively including medical photographs, acoustic rhinometry and subjective nasal obstruction using a 7-point Likert scale. Results. The immediate outcomes were evaluated around 1 month after surgery, and long-term outcomes were available in 12 patients; the mean follow-up period was 9.1 months. Nasal tip deviation angle was reduced from $5.66^{\circ}$ to $2.37^{\circ}$ immediately (P<0.001). Middle vault deviation also improved from $169.50^{\circ}$ to $177.24^{\circ}$ (P<0.001). Long-term results were $2.49^{\circ}$ (P=0.015) for nasal tip deviation and $178.68^{\circ}$ (P=0.002) for middle vault deviation. The aesthetic outcome involved a complete correction in eight patients (47.1%), a minimally visible deviation in seven patients (41.2%) and a remaining residual deviation in two patients (11.8%). Pre- and postoperative minimal cross-sectional areas (summation of the right and left sides) were 0.86 and 1.07, respectively (P=0.021). Fifteen patients answered about their nasal obstruction symptoms and the median symptom score had alleviated from 6.0 to 3.0 (P=0.004). Conclusion. Triangular resection of the ULC is a simple and effective method for correcting middle vault deviation and balancing the ULCs without complications as internal nasal valve narrowing.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1333-1337
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• 2011

3D engines loading, and expansion of the usable capacity, next-generation smartphone game markets are rising briskly by the improvement in CPU processing speed of Phones (hardware of smartphone). Therefore, in creating 3D game characters, realistic and free-form animations in a small screen of a smartphone are becoming important. Through this paper, as a method of creating characters and operating for game characters to cause user's feeling, with NURBS data of MAYA, We completed a face in turns of eyes, a nose, and a mouth, and with Polygon Cube tool, modeled hands and feet. After dividing a cube into half and modeling it, through mirror copying We completed the whole body and modeled the low-polygon. Then to model realistic and free-form characters, We completed each detail with ZBrush and applied Divide level up to 4. Though they might look rough and exaggerated, We tried to express stuck-out parts and fallen-in parts effectively and smoothly with Smooth brush effect, map and design the low-polygon 3D characters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.300-303
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• 2011

Owing to the improvement in CPU processing speed of Phones (hardware of smartphone), 3D engines loading, and expansion of the usable capacity, next-generation smartphone game markets are rising briskly. Therefore, in creating 3D game characters, realistic and free-form animations in a small screen of a smartphone are becoming important. Through this paper, as a method of creating characters and operating for game characters to cause user's feeling, with NURBS data of MAYA, We completed a face in turns of eyes, a nose, and a mouth, and with Polygon Cube tool, modeled hands and feet. After dividing a cube into half and modeling it, through mirror copying We completed the whole body and modeled the low-polygon. Then to model realistic and free-form characters, We completed each detail with ZBrush and applied Divide level up to 4. Though they might look rough and exaggerated, We tried to express stuck-out parts and fallen-in parts effectively and smoothly with Smooth brush effect, map and design the low-polygon 3D characters.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.143-150
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• 1992

The clinical study was carried out the 33 patients with Allergic rhinitis who had been treated by Ga-Mi-tong-Gyu-tang from 1992.1 to 1992.9. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Distribution of sex : male($54.5\%$), female($45.5\%$) In the distribution of age, 30 age group made up $27.3\%$, and 10s, 40s, 20s in descending order. 2. Distribution of illness period : 1 - 5 under years($66.7\%$) , 6month-l under year($18.1\%$), 5-10 under years($15.2\%$). 3. Distribution of symptoms and signs, nasal discharge was $100\%$, sneezing was $93.9\%$, stuffy nose was $84.8\%$, nasal cooling sign was $33.3\%$. 4. Past history : Asthma was $15.1\%$, gastritis was $15.1\%$, genyantritis was $9.0\%$, deviation of the nasal septum was $3.0\%$, bronchitis was $3.0\%$. 5. In the general paranasal sinuses X-ray examination and anterior rhinoscopy : $45.4\%$ have hypertrophy of concha, $9.0\%$ have genyantritis, $6.0\%$ have deviation of the nasal septum. 6. Distribution of period in descending order: 1-10 days($57.6\%$), 11-20 days ($36.4\%$), 21-30 days($6.0\%$) 7. Distribution of Medicine for external in descending order : 11-20($42.4\%$), 21-30($22.7\%$), 31-40 were each $3.0\%$ 8. The improvement rate in symptoms and signs was $88.8\%$ expect None.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.246-252
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• 2018

In this paper, the friction drag force of 3D submerged body is investigated by considering the surface roughness, the first grid height, and the Reynolds number using open CFD source code, OpenFOAM 4.0. A procedure for estimating drag components by CFD code is set up and suggested in this study. In the 3D submerged body, because of the form factor in the 3D computations, the friction resistance with the small roughness of $12{\mu}m$ obtains different result with the smooth wall. As the Reynolds number increased, the boundary layer becomes thinner and the fiction resistance tends to decrease. In the computations for the effect of y+, the friction resistance and wall shear stress are excessively predicted when the y+ value deviates from the log layer. This is presumably because the boundary layer becomes thicker and the turbulence energy is excessively predicted in the nose due to the increase in y+ value. As the roughness increases, the boundary layer becomes thicker and the turbulence kinetic energy on the surface increases. From this study, the drag estimation method, considering the roughness by numerical analysis for ships or offshore structures, can be provided by using the suggested the y+ value and surface roughness with wall function.