• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2006

ILM(incremental launching method) 교량공법은 품질확보에 효과적인 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 교량공법으로 인정받고 있다. 이 공법에 의해 시공되는 교량의 상부단면은 시공 중에 지간의 중앙부와 지점부에 일시적이나마 모두 위치하게 된다. 따라서 단면들은 자중에 의해 발생되는 최대 정 모멘트와 최대 부 모멘트, 그리고 최대 전단력을 모두 경험하게 되는 구조적 특성을 가지고 있다. 한편, 압출하는 동안 발생하는 높은 일시적 응력을 최소화하기 위해 일반적으로 압출추진코가 이용되고 있다. 그리고 상부단면에 발생하는 이 일시적인 응력의 크기는 압출추진코의 특성에 따라 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 압출 중 상부단면에 발생하는 단면력의 크기를 쉽고, 빠르게 검토할 수 있는 해석식을 유도하였다. 개발된 해석식에서 고려할 수 있는 매개변수로는 압출추진코와 상부단면과의 지간 길이비와 중량비 그리고 강성비를 택하였다 특히, 개발된 해석식에서는 변단면인 압출추진코의 단면형상과 다이아플램을 고려할 수 있다. 또한, 설계변수들에 대한 민감도 해석을 통하여 압출추진코와 상부단면의 상호작용에 미치는 매개변수들의 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2022

본 연구는 성인 여성의 얼굴 유형에 적합한 마스크 패턴 개발을 위하여 시판되고 있는 다회용 마스크 패턴을 비교·분석하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 마스크 패턴 개발 및 생산업체에 필요한 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 시판 다회용 마스크 패턴의 치수 및 형태를 비교한 결과, 성인용으로 제작된 L사이즈 마스크임에도 불구하고 치수에 있어서 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 가상착의에 대한 외관평가 결과 정면의 앞중심선의 수직, 마스크의 윗부분 감쌈과 여유, 코높이, 마스크 아랫부분의 감쌈과 여유에서 디자인별로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 측면도 얼굴 옆부분의 감쌈, 옆부분의 여유, 끈 간격과 길이에서 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 외관평가 결과, 마스크4가 가장 좋은 평가를 받았다. 마스크 패턴의 형태는 코 아랫부분에 크게 다트가 있어 얼굴의 입체적인 형태를 커버할 수 있도록 되어 있으나 마스크에 따라 곡선의 정도와 각도에 차이를 나타냈다. 마스크 상부와 마스크 하부, 볼 부분은 밀착되지만, 코와 입 부분에는 여유가 있는 마스크 패턴의 평가가 높았다. 마스크 패턴은 얼굴형 및 치수에 대한 분석을 통해 마스크 상부길이와 하부길이, 코 높이에 따른 마스크 다트량의 설정이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제24권2호통권201호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1986

The soft tissue profiles of 56 normal children were studied on their cephalograms and follow ing conclusions were made. 1. Upper facial height, Lower facial height, lower lip length were longer in female. 2. Facial convexity including the nose was convex in female. 3. Nasolabial angle, columella facial angle were larger in female. 4. Standard deviation wiggle grams were made.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.310-318
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the soft tissue changes of upper lip & nose using 38 patients who treated with Le Fort I osteotomy for the correction of dentofacial deformities. Patients were devided into three groups. One was advancement group of maxilla(Group I, N=14), another was impaction group of maxilla(Group II, N=12) and the other was combination group(advancement & impaction)(Group III, N=12). Preop. and 1 month postop. (T1), preop. and 6 months postop.(T2) were analyzed and compared. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The upper lip thickness(UL-VP) moved anteriorly approximately 62% of the horizontal maxillary change and this was significant in the advancement group(Group I) 2. The upper lip length(Stm-Sn) and the lower border of upper lip(Stm) moved superiorly 25%, 40% of the maxillary impaction group(Group II) (P<0.05) 3. There was significancy in the upper lip thicness(UL-VP) approximately 56% of the combination group(Group III) (P<0.05) 4. The nasolabial angle decreased in all groups, but there were no significancy.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2019

Background: After closed reduction, patients are sometimes concerned that their external nasal shapes have changed. The aim of this study was to investigate and explain changes in nasal shape after surgery through objective photogrammetric anthropometry measurements taken through three-dimensional (3D) reformed computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: Our study included 100 Korean patients who underwent closed reduction of isolated nasal bone fracture from January 2016 to June 2017. Using the ruler tool in Adobe Photoshop CS3, we measured preoperative and postoperative nasal base heights, long nostril axis lengths, both nasal alar angles, and amount of nasal deviation through the 3D reformation of soft tissue via CT scans. We then compared the dimension of nose. Results: The amount of postoperative correction for nasal base height was 1.192 mm. The differences in nostril length between each side were found to be 0.333 mm preoperatively and 0.323 mm postoperatively. The differences in the nasal alar angle between each side was $1.382^{\circ}$ preoperatively and $1.043^{\circ}$ postoperatively. The amount of nasal deviation was found to be 5.248 mm preoperatively and 1.024 mm in postoperatively. Conclusion: After the reduction of nasal bone fractures, changes in nasal dimensions were noticeable in terms of nasal deviation but less significant in nasal tips, except for changes in nasal alar angles, which were notable.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.826-833
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• 2020

When it is necessary to wear masks for long periods, such as during the current COVID-19 pandemic, the essential function of masks to prevent contamination (or transmission to others) as well as comfortableness are important. For this study, we used three-dimensional (3D) facial measurements of adult women to compile basic face shape data for designing comfortable and effective masks. This study analyzed the 3D facial data of 127 subjects in their 20s to 30s of the 6th Size Korea. Factor analysis of the survey data produced seven factors that formed the composition of adult female faces. These factors combined to produce three facial types: square (long face and a large lower middle face), oval (smallest central and lower body in the middle), and triangle (short face with a small central and lower large nose). These types reflect that the facial types of adult women show the differences in the nose angle, nose length, bitragion-subnasal arc, bitragion-menton arc. Therefore, properly fitting masks for fine dust particle filtration require 3D customization of a mask's breathing apparatus to fit differently shaped central and lower face parts that interfere with mask fit.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2008

This paper is concerned with the analysis of material flow characteristics of stepped rod forming. The analysis in this paper concentrated on the evaluation of the design parameters for deformation patterns of tube forming, load characteristics, extruded length, and die pressure. The design factors such as punch nose radius, die corner radius, friction factor, and punch face angle are involved in the simulation. The stepped rod forming is analyzed by using a commercial finite element code. This simulation makes use of stepped rod material and punch geometry on the basis of punch geometry recommended by International Cold Forging Group. As radius ratio is large, forming load was reduced but extruded length ratio was increased.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2012

Background : Nasal pyramid fractures accompanied by saddle nose deformities are not easily corrected by closed reduction. We used an absorbable plate as a perpendicular strut to support the collapsed "keystone area" and obtained good results. Methods : Between September 2008 and June 2011, 18 patients who had nasal pyramid fractures with saddle nose deformities underwent surgery. Pre- and postoperative facial computed tomographic images and photographs were taken to estimate outcomes. The operative technique included the mucoperichondrial dissection of the nasal septum, insertion of an absorbable plate prepared to an appropriate length to support the "keystone area", and fixation of the absorbable plate strut to the cartilaginous septum. Results : Functional and esthetic outcomes were satisfactory in all patients. Eleven patients assessed the postoperative appearance of the external nose as 'markedly improved' and 7 patients as 'improved'. The 5 surgeons scored the results as a mean of 4.5 on a 5-point scale. Conclusions : The use of an absorbable plate as a perpendicular strut requires no additional procedures because the plate is gradually absorbed. The mechanical strength provided by a buttress between the "keystone area" and the maxillary crest lasts for a long time before the strut is absorbed.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 진동 운동하는 익형의 동적실속 특성을 향상시키기 위하여, 고정 앞전 Droop과 Gurney 플랩의 크기와 위치에 대한 최적설계를 수행하였다. 고정 앞전 Droop이 모멘트 특성의 개선에 효율적이나 양력특성의 저하를 유발 할 수 있다. 반면에 Gurney 플랩은 양력특성의 향상을 가져오지만, 모멘트특성을 악화시키는 특성이 있다. 고정앞전 Droop의 설계변수는 상호 보완적인 특성을 갖는 위치와 각도를 설정하였으며, Gurney 플랩은 그 길이를 설계변수로 설정하였다. 또한, 동적실속과 같이 비선형성이 강한 문제의 설계를 위해서 고차 다항식의 반응면 기법과 민감도 기반의 최적설계 기법을 사용하였다. 최적화는 양력과 모멘트 특성이 동시에 개선되도록 수행 하였다. 설계 결과 동적실속의 양력, 모멘트 및 항력특성의 향상을 가져올 수 있었으며, 가변 앞전 Droop과 Gurney 플랩을 결합한 능동제어장치에 버금가는 동적실속 제어 효과를 갖을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2006

Purpose: The nose of most Koreans is characterized as a low nasal dorsum, retracted columella, and an acute columella-labial angle. For the surgical correction of the tip and columella, a modified septal extension graft, along with augmentation rhinoplasty has been developed. Methods: With this technique, a septal extension graft is fixed on the entire caudal margin of the septum (the cephalic-caudal axis) and at the same time, it is placed above the anterior nasal spine, in the membranous portion of the septum and at the base of the columella(the anterior-posterior axis). The present report describes the results obtained in 13 patients and offers an analysis of the results as judged by the columella-labial angle and 4 proportional indices(nose height index, nasal bridge length index, nasal tip projection index, columella length index), measured by photogrammetry. Results: The postoperative values obtained in these 5 categories increased significantly compared to the preoperative ones, thus confirming that the projection of tip was augmented, the nose was lengthened, and the columella was advanced caudally and lengthened. Moreover, these positive outcomes were still maintained during the follow-up period, and no side effects, such as saddle nose deformity, were reported. Conclusion: A modified septal extension graft can be considered as an effective method for the surgical correction of the nasal tip and columella in Koreans.