DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of 3D Facial Shapes of Female Adult to Improve Face Mask Fit

  • Choi, Jin (Dept. of Clothing and Textiles, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Do, Wol Hee (Dept. of Clothing and Textiles, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2020.11.02
  • Accepted : 2020.12.31
  • Published : 2020.12.31

Abstract

When it is necessary to wear masks for long periods, such as during the current COVID-19 pandemic, the essential function of masks to prevent contamination (or transmission to others) as well as comfortableness are important. For this study, we used three-dimensional (3D) facial measurements of adult women to compile basic face shape data for designing comfortable and effective masks. This study analyzed the 3D facial data of 127 subjects in their 20s to 30s of the 6th Size Korea. Factor analysis of the survey data produced seven factors that formed the composition of adult female faces. These factors combined to produce three facial types: square (long face and a large lower middle face), oval (smallest central and lower body in the middle), and triangle (short face with a small central and lower large nose). These types reflect that the facial types of adult women show the differences in the nose angle, nose length, bitragion-subnasal arc, bitragion-menton arc. Therefore, properly fitting masks for fine dust particle filtration require 3D customization of a mask's breathing apparatus to fit differently shaped central and lower face parts that interfere with mask fit.

Keywords

References

  1. Agbolade, O., Nazri, A., Yaakob, R., Ghani, A. A., & Cheah, Y. K. (2020). Morphometric approach to 3D soft-tissue craniofacial analysis and classification of ethnicity, sex, and age. Plos one, 15(4), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228402
  2. Choi, Y. L., Kim, J. S., & Nam, Y. J. (2009). Classification of head shape and 3-dimensional analysis for Korean women. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 11(5), 779-787.
  3. da Silva, A. M. B. R., Magri, L. V., Andrade, L. M., & da Silva, M. A. M. R. (2017). Three-dimensional analysis of facial morphology in Brazilian population with Caucasian, Asian, and Black ethnicity. Journal of Oral Research and Review, 9(1), 1-7. doi:10.4103/2249-4987.201405
  4. Eom, R, I., & Lee, Y. J. (2016). Three dimensional analyses of common masks and facial shapes for development of cold protection masks. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 25(6), 737-748. doi:10.5934/kjhe.2016.25.6.737
  5. 'Guidelines on the specification of standard on the dust mask'. (2019, March 6). Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://www.mfds.go.kr/brd/m_99/view.do?seq=43296
  6. Han, D. H., & Choi, K. L. (2002). Development of half - masks well - fitting for Korean faces (1) - Facial dimensions and predictors of fit for half - mask, Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 12(1), 46-54.
  7. Han, D. H., & Lee, J. M. (2004), Development of half-masks well-fitting for Koeran faces(2)-pilot study, Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 14(8), 8-17.
  8. Hughes, J. G., & Lomaev, O. (1972). An anthropometric survey of Australian male facial sizes. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 33(2), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/0002889728506611
  9. IQAir AirVisual (2019). World air quality report region & city P.M2.5 ranking. IQAir. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-cities/world-air-quality-report-2019-en.pdf
  10. Kang, S. H., Yu, H .S., Lim, J. S., Park J. Y., Ahn, H. G., Ahn, H. R., & Shin, D. H. (2015). Customized 3D functional mask for yellow dust with reusability, Proceedings of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, Spring Conference, Korea, pp.749-752.
  11. Kang, Y. S. (2016). The Research of the lifestyle facial masks characteristics and consumer's wearing attitude. Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion Design, 15(3), 1-20. doi:10.5850/JKSCT.2016.40.1.114
  12. Kim, H. W., Han, D. H., Roh, Y. M., Kim, K. Y., & Park, Y. G. (2003). Facial anthropometric dimensions of Koreans and their associations with fit of quarter-mask respirators. Industrial Health, 41(1), 8-18. doi:10.2486/indhealth.41.8
  13. Kim, H., Seo, H., Myong, J. P., Yoon, J. S., Song, Y., & Kim, C. (2016). Developing yellow dust and fine particulate masks for children. Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 26(3), 350-366. doi:10.15269/JKSOEH.2016.26.3.350
  14. Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. (2010). The 6th Size Korea 3D scan & measurement technology report. Seoul: Government Printing Office.
  15. Lee, W. S., Jeong, J. G., Park, J. W., Jeon, E. J., Kim, H. E., Jung, D. H., Park, S. W., & You, H. C. (2013). Analysis of the facial measurements of Korean Air Force pilots for oxygen mask design. Ergonomics, 56(9), 1451-1464. doi:10.1080/00140139.2013.816376
  16. Lin, Y. C., & Chen, C. P. (2017). Characterization of small-to-medium head-and-face dimensions for developing respirator fit test panels and evaluating fit of filtering face piece respirators with different face seal design. PLOS one, 12(11), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188638
  17. McConville, J. T., & Alexander, M.(1975). Anthropometric sizing program for oral nasal oxygen masks based on 1967 U.S Air Force surveys data. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 46(11), 1383-1389.
  18. Song, Y. W., & Yang, W. H. (2010). Half-mask interface prototype design using Korean face anthropometric data. Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science, 12(4), 87-92.
  19. 'State of global air'. (2019). Health Effects Institute. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/soga _2019_report.pdf
  20. Yatapanage, K. G., & Post, K. (1992). Measurement of 3-D facial contours for the design of half-face respirators. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 53(1), 19-26. doi:10.1080/15298669291359258