• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 1994

Among many kinds of constituents of ginseng root, starch was the most noticeable component related to inside white in fresh ginseng. The ash of inside white section was higher in content and greenish gray in color. The water binding capacity and ash content of the starch from inside white fresh ginseng were higher than those of starch from normal fresh ginseng, but amylase content was not significantly different. Ash of inside white fresh ginseng starch contained higher in Ca, Mn and Fe content. Complexes of small granular starch and amino acids were rich in swelling power, and solubility by temperature change were similar between inside white fresh ginseng starch and normal one, but the former was more easily swelled than the latter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.73-77
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• 2014

In the field of fault diagnosis, the deviations from normal operating conditions are monitored to identify the type of faults and find their root causes. One of the most representative methods is the statistical approaches, due to a large amount of advantages. However, ambiguous diagnosis results can be generated according to fault magnitudes, even if the same fault occurs. To tackle this issue, this work proposes principal component analysis (PCA) based method with qualitative information. The PCA model is constructed under normal operation data and the residuals from faulty conditions are calculated. The significant changes of these residuals are recorded to make the information for identifying the types of fault. This model can be employed easily and the tasks for building are smaller than these of other common approaches. The efficacy of the proposed model is illustrated in Tennessee Eastman process.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.60.1-60.9
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• 2021

Background: Echocardiography is a primary tool used by veterinarians to evaluate heart diseases. In recent years, various studies have targeted standard echocardiographic values for different breeds. Reference data are currently lacking in Maltese dogs and it is important to fill this gap as this breed is predisposed to myxomatous mitral valve disease, which is a volume overload disease. Objectives: To establish the normal echocardiographic parameters for Maltese dogs. Methods: In total, 23 healthy Maltese dogs were involved in this study. Blood pressure measurements, thoracic radiography, and complete transthoracic echocardiography were performed. The effects of body weight, age and sex were evaluated, and the correlations between weight and linear and volumetric dimensions were calculated by regression analysis. Results: The mean vertebral heart size was 9.1 ± 0.4. Aside from the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and the left atrial to aorta root ratio, all the other echocardiographic parameters were significantly correlated with weight. Conclusion: This study describes normal echocardiographic parameters that may be useful in the echocardiographic evaluation of Maltese dogs.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.30-39
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• 2015

Objectives This study aims to analyze Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in women after missed abortion compared with healthy women Methods We studied 35 women who visited Kang-Nam Kyung-Hee Korean Hospital after missed abortion from 01 January 2012 to 28 February 2015 (missed abortion group) and 35 normal women visiting medical examination center from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 (Normal Group). We measured HRV of each women and investigated the difference of HRV between two groups. Results The standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) in Missed abortion group is lower than normal group. The square root of the mean square difference of successive NNs (RMSSD) in Missed abortion group is lower than normal group. However there was no significant difference. Total Power (TP) and Low frequency power (LF) is significantly lower in Missed abortion group compared with normal group. High frequency power (HF), Very low frequency power (VLF) and LF/HF ratio in missed abortion group is lower than normal group. but There was no significant difference. Conclusions Missed abortion group is lower in function of overall autonomic nervous system, especially sympathetic nerve.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 1986

For the elucidation of saponin synthesis during ontogeny changes of ginsenosides and free sugars in seeds during stratification and seedlings in early growth stage were investigated with high performance liquid chrom-atography. Embryo plus endosperm at 40-day stratification showed 80% decrease of total saponin, disappear-ance of Rc, Rb$_2$ and Rb$_1$ and appearance of Rg$_3$ (probable) and 20-Glc-Rf (probable). Leaf ginsenoside F$_3$ was found not in fruit plup but seed and decreased during stratification. Both decomposition and synthesis of saponin seemed to occure during stratification. Ginsenosides in endosperm and embryo might be originated from fruit pulp by penetration. In seedling saponin appeared first in shoot and in root about one month later. Ginsenoside Rc, Rb$_2$, Rb$_1$ appeared in root at the last investigation (June 30) indicating normal saponin synthetic capacity of root. Saponin synthetic rate was twice in leaf than in root. Leaf ginsenoside F$_3$ was found in seedling root. Root saponin Rg$_3$ and 20-Glc-Rf were found in leaf and stem in seedling and decreased with growth suggesting that rate saponin is not such in certain growth stage. Total saponin content was negatively correlated with PT/PD in seeds and arial parts of seedling due to greater change of PD. than PT. Seed at 70days stratification showed high sucrose content. In seedling glucose was main sugar in stem all the while and sucrose in root at early stage while glucose, fructose and sucrose were found in leaf.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.576-580
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• 2003

A 7-year-old male was refered to Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Wonkwang Dental Hospital for treatment of a traumatic injury to the teeth of the maxillary anterior region of the mouth. His right central incisor presented subluxation and root fracture, the left central incisor had suffered intrusive luxation and root fracture. The initial treatment involved reposition and fixation of the teeth with 0.5mm stainless steel wire and composite resin. The patient was submitted for clinical and radiographic fallow-up. After 4 years, radiographically the right central incisor seemed to be healed by hard tissue union and showed to be indistinct fracture line, intact lamina dura. The left central incisor radiographically was healed by interposition of bone and connective tissue and showed to be distinct horizontal fracture line separating the fragments, and pulp canal obliteration. In clinical examination, the teeth showed a normal response to elective pulp test, percussion and mobility test. Pulp survival after injuries appears to be dependent upon the type of luxation injury, age of patient, stage of root development and degree of dislocation. In this case, the two teeth with incomplete root formation were suffered different type of injury by trauma and has showed different healing aspect.

• Korean Journal of Korean Medical Institute of Dermatology and Aesthetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-90
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• 2005

Purpose: Contents of astragaloside I, II and IV, cytotoxicity, anticancer activity, immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant capacity were to be compared as a function of the cultivated years as one, three, five and seven years. Method: Major components of Astragali membranacei Radix were separated as astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV by HPLC analysis. Cytotoxicity and anticancer activities were measured by MTT and SRB assay. For immunomodulatory activity, the secretion of IL -6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, NK cell activation and macrophage activation were observed as well as kinetics of responding to human T cells by a microphysiometer. In vitro antioxidant activities were measured by several radical scavenging activities of superoxide anion radican, DPPH, LDL and linoleic acid. For in vivo activity, the activation of SOD, GSH-px, catalase, ALDH and ADH was measured as well the relative weight of liver. Result : 1. For HPLC analysis, the contents of all of astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV were in order of three, five, one and seven years. 2. The cytotoxicity of normal human lung cell line, HEL299 showed lower than 18% in adding 0.25 mg/ml, and 28.9% in adding 1.0 mg/ml of water extract of seven year root. For methanol extracts, three year root showed highest cytotoxicity as 35.2 % and there was no difference between the cultivated years. 3. For anticancer activities, methanol extracts of one and three year roots showed relatively high inhibition of human stomach cancer cells, AGS, breast cancer cells, MCF-7, lung cancer cells, A549 and liver cancer cell, Hep3B as well as high selectivities. 4. The water extract of seven year root could yield high secretion of IL-6 from both human Band T cells while the methanol extracts of three and five year roots secreted high amounts of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from both Band T cells. 5. As a result of in vitro antioxidant activities, both water and methanol extracts from five and seven year roots showed high activities for superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, inhibiting linoleic acid peroxide and contents of total phenols. 6. For in vivo tests, Mn-SOD and GSH-px activities and weight of liver were better in adding seven year root. For ALDH activity one year root was better and for ADH activity five year root. Overall speaking, seven year root showed relatively better antioxidant activities. Conclusion:There was difference of the contents of astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV according to cultivation year. Methanol extract showed better activities of anticancer and immune activation rather than water extract Interestingly enough, for methanol extracts, overall activities were improved as the cultivation year increased. There might be further investigation required for the clinical uses of the results as several biological activities varied according to the cultivated year of Astragali membranacei Radix.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.849-878
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• 2013

This paper consists of two parts, which broadly examines solution techniques abilities for the structures with geometrical nonlinear behavior. In part I of the article, formulations of several well-known approaches will be presented. These solution strategies include different groups, such as: residual load minimization, normal plane, updated normal plane, cylindrical arc length, work control, residual displacement minimization, generalized displacement control, modified normal flow, and three-parameter ellipsoidal, hyperbolic, and polynomial schemes. For better understanding and easier application of the solution techniques, a consistent mathematical notation is employed in all formulations for correction and predictor steps. Moreover, other features of these approaches and their algorithms will be investigated. Common methods of determining the amount and sign of load factor increment in the predictor step and choosing the correct root in predictor and corrector step will be reviewed. The way that these features are determined is very important for tracing of the structural equilibrium path. In the second part of article, robustness and efficiency of the solution schemes will be comprehensively evaluated by performing numerical analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 1994

Tow-year-old Taxus cuspidata shoot cuttings were treated with various electrical impacts of cathode on their base and anode on their apex by normal and reverse source. The cuttings were previously treated with 200ppm IBA for 12 hours and the rooting percentage, the length, and the weight of roots were checked. The auxin contents of cuttings were also examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained on this study are as follows; 1. Normal treatment, cathode into the base and anode into apex, seemed to accelerate rooting while reverse treatment showed less effective than normal treatment on rooting, but both treatments were more effective than control. 2. The impact of electrical treatment at 30mV for 30min has a remarkable effect on the percentage rooting, the length, and the weight of roots. 3. Root primordia were formed at the basipetal end of cuttings where the end of primary pith ray meets the cambium in control treatment and formed at the basal part of cuttings irregularly in electrical treatment. 4. High-performance liquid chromatography showed electrical treatment was more effective on auxin accumulation than control, and 30mV-30min was the most effective on auxin accumulation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.22-26
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• 1979

This report was carried out toxicity test for the mosquito coil made of Ginseng leaf and the residue after extraction of Ginseng root. This results are as follows: In the first group, was not shown any special difference on the body weight, the motion and dissection. In the second group, was not shown any Special difference on the body weight, considerable difference on the motion and considerable loss of appetite besides very slight loss, but came cack soon again to normal state by change of air after a moment. In the third group, the body weight and appetite was depressed very slightly and the motion was shown very slightly difference, but came back soon again to normal state by chenge of air after a moment too. No one was died, and all the animal were the normal state on the reslt of dessection, Therefore, we have positive evidence that this mosquito coil powder is applied to animals without any toxicity.