• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.647-656
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• 2014

To supplement the ISO-GUM method for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty, a simulation program using the Monte Carlo method (MCM) was developed, and the MCM and GUM methods were compared. The results are as follows: (1) Even under a non-normal probability distribution of the measurand, MCM provides an accurate coverage interval; (2) Even if a probability distribution that emerged from combining a few non-normal distributions looks as normal, there are cases in which the actual distribution is not normal and the non-normality can be determined by the probability distribution of the combined variance; and (3) If type-A standard uncertainties are involved in the evaluation of measurement uncertainty, GUM generally offers an under-valued coverage interval. However, this problem can be solved by the Bayesian evaluation of type-A standard uncertainty. In this case, the effective degree of freedom for the combined variance is not required in the evaluation of expanded uncertainty, and the appropriate coverage factor for 95% level of confidence was determined to be 1.96.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2011

In this paper, we implement measurement functionality for the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) modem. Generally speaking, the receiving algorithms in normal modems cannot be used directly to the measurement system due to the lack of the measurement accuracy. In this paper, we propose the new measurement algorithm for precise 3GPP WCDMA signal measurements. In the measurement algorithm, 4-stage parameters estimation scheme is used. To improve the measurement accuracy, we increase the number of the received signal samples by interpolation. The proposed 3GPP WCDMA signal measurement algorithm can be used for verifying and implementing SoC/FPGA modem measurement systems.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2007

ANOVA is widely, used for measurement system analysis. It assumes that the measurement error is normally distributed, which nay not be seen in some industrial cases. In this study the estimates of the measurement system variability and PTR (precision-to-tolerance ratio) are obtained by using weighted standard deviation for the case where the measurement error is non-normally distributed. The Standard Bootstrap method is used foy estimating confidence intervals of measurement system variability and PTR. The point and confidence interval estimates for the cases with normally distributed measurement error are compared to those with non-normally distributed measurement errors through computer simulation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.291-305
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• 1989

Present experiment was performed to establish the optimal reaction conditions for measurement of urinary gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(${\gamma}$-GTP), N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (AGS) and alanine aminopeptidase(AAP) activities in bovine and to investigate in vitro stability of the enzymes, within-run imprecision of the methods, and normal ranges. 1. The optimal wavelength for measurement of ${\gamma}$-GTP activity was 545nm. 2. The optimal pH of Tris-HCI buffer containing glycylglycine for measurement of urinary ${\gamma}$-GTP activity was 7.6～7.8(37$^{\circ}C$). 3. Coefficient of variance for within-run imprecision of urinary ${\gamma}$-GTP activity ranged from 4.8 to 7.2% and there was no significant difference among replications, 4. The optimal wavelength for measurement of urinary AGS activity was 405nm. 5. The optimal pH of citrate buffer for measurement urinary of AGS activity was 4.0(37$^{\circ}C$). 6. Coefficient of variance for within-run imprecision of urinary AGS activity ranged from 3.9 to 6.1％ and there was no significant difference among replications. 7. The optimal wavelength for measurement of urinary AAP activity was 400nm. 8. The optimal pH of phosphate buffer for measurement of urinary AAP was 7.8. 9. Coefficient of variance for within-run imprecision of urinary AAP activity ranged from 2.5 to 4.8% and there was no significant difference among replications. 10. ${\gamma}$-GTP and AGS activities were increased significantly by gel-filtration. 11. Turbidity interfered with measurement of urinary AAP activity in bovine unless the specimen was gel-filterated. 12. Preservation of the specimen at 5$^{\circ}C$ or -20$^{\circ}C$ did not affect the AGS activity at least for 7 days after collection. 13. Preservation of the specimen at 5$^{\circ}C$ or 20$^{\circ}C$ did not affect the ${\gamma}$-GTP and AAP activities statistically, but some individual specimens revealed fluctuation during preservation. 14. ${\gamma}$-GTP, AGS and AAP activities revealed fluctuation by the tine of the day when the specimen was collected. 15. The normal ranges of urinary ${\gamma}$ -GTP, AGS and AAP activities were 6.60${\pm}$3.26(2.36-14.50), 1.31 ${\pm}$ 0.81(0.33-3.78), and 1.73 ${\pm}$ 0.55(0.77-3.03)U/l. respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.199-204
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• 2006

ANOVA is widely used for measurement system analysis. It assumes that the measurement error is normally distributed, which may not be seen in some industrial cases. In this study, the estimates of the measurement system variability and PTR (precision-to-tolerance ratio) are obtained by using weighted standard deviation for the case where the measurement error is non-normally distributed. The Standard Bootstrap method is used for estimating confidence intervals of measurement system variability and PTR. The point and confidence interval estimates for the cases with normally distributed measurement error are compared to those with non-normally distributed measurement errors through computer simulation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

HSPA(High Speed Packet Access)/HSPA+ is a combined 3GPP(Third Generation Partnership Project) standard of HSDPA(High Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA(High Speed Uplink Packet Access). The standard can provide the high speed multimedia service against the 3GPP release 99 standard. In order to test the 3GPP HSPA/HSPA+ terminal performance, the measurement hardware is required for the evaluate the transmitted signal of HSPA/HSPA+ terminals. Agilent Technologies and Innowireless produce the measurement equipments for HSPA/HSPA+ terminals. Generally speaking, the receiving algorithms in normal modems cannot be used directly to the measurement system due to the lack of the algorithm accuracy. In this paper, we propose the new receiver algorithm for precise measurement of 3GPP HSPA/HSPA+ terminal signal, and implement measurement functionality for performance measurement of the 3GPP HSPA/HSPA+ terminal by using software. The proposed 3GPP HSPA/HSPA+ signal measurement algorithm can be used for the commercial system through code execution speed optimization.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Purpose: To study on the confidence of dry eye diagnosis methods which need to prescribe contact lens. Methods: Non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT) and tear film break-up time (TBUT) were measured in forty healthy subjects in their 20s, and then the subjects were classified into normal eye and dry eye. The results of McMonnies questionnaire, tear prism height measurement, Hardtack test, blink rate measurement and Schirmer test were compared with the results of NIBUT and TBUT. Results: The results of NIBUT and TBUT were as follows; 20 subjects had normal eyes, 10 subjects had dry eyes in both NIBUT and TBUT, and 10 subjects showed different results. In McMonnies questionnaire, the score of normal eye group averaged 8.2 and that of dry eye group averaged 18.5, which showed statistically significant difference. Furthermore, 100% of normal eye group classified by the results of NIBUT and TBUT corresponded with the result of McMonnies questionnaire and 90% of dry eye group showed the correspondence. Tear prism height of normal eye group averaged 0.32 mm and that of dry eye group averaged 0.23 mm, which were significantly different. Hardtack test, blink rate measurement and Schirmer test without local anesthesia showed no statistically significant difference between normal eye group and dry eye group. Conclusions: On dry eye diagnosis methods, the results of McMonnies questionnaire and tear prism height measurement had close correlation with the results of NIBUT and TBUT.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

Purpose: Anterior drawer and varus stress test are commonly used for radiologic evaluation of chronic lateral ankle instability. However, there are controversies regarding the method of measurement and the normal value. This study was performed to investigate radiologic normal values in normal Korean adults and to analyze differences by age and gender. Materials and Methods: Sixty Korean adults were recruited and divided in three groups (20 in their twenties, 20 in their thirties, 20 in their forties). There were 10 males and 10 females in each group. The selection criteria were no history of ankle injury and no evidence of instability on physical examination. Radiologic measurement of varus talar tilt and anterior talar translation were performed through anterior and varus stress radiographs using Telos device (150N force). The measurement was repeated twice by three researchers, and intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability were analyzed. The average talar tilt and anterior talar translation were obtained. Results: Talar tilt and anterior talar translation on ankle stress radiographs had good intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability. Talar tilt was average $3.7^{\circ}$ and $5.1^{\circ}$ in male and female of twenties of age, $3.9^{\circ}$ and $4.8^{\circ}$ in their thirties, $3.4^{\circ}$ and $4.5^{\circ}$ in their forties. Anterior talar translation was average 3.5 mm and 4.2 mm in their twenties, 4.1 mm and 3.8 mm in their thirties, 3.6 mm and 4.1 mm in their forties. There was no significant difference in talar tilt and anterior talar translation by age. However, there was significant difference in talar tilt by gender. Conclusion: Normal range of talar tilt angle in Korean adults was below $8.3^{\circ}$, and normal range of anterior talar translation was below 7.6 mm. It seems to be able to serve as a good reference for radiologic evaluation and for treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2006

Purpose: This study conducts quantitative evaluation or structural and functional characteristics or normal skeletal muscle with ultrasound image and surface electromyography, and is to provide basic materials for utilizing ultrasound image analysis in physical therapy diagnosis and assessment of skeletal muscle. Methods: Measurement of three stages was conducted with 88 normal adults between their twenties and seventies, correlations and differences using collected data according to age and gender were compared and correlations among measured items were analyzed and then the following conclusions were obtained. Results: Analysis of ultrasound image of normal skeletal muscle showed that density, median frequency had the closest relations with age. In addition, it was found that there were high correlations between density explaining structural characteristics of skeletal muscle and median frequency explaining functional characteristics. Conclusion: Analysis of ultrasound image makes complex evaluation of structure and function of skeletal muscle possible when it is connected with functional evaluation method using physical measurement surface electromyography as well as quantitative evaluation of structural changes of skeletal muscle and is effective in complementing physical therapy diagnosis centering around functionality evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to classify body type by BMI and to inquire about body satisfaction and fitness apparel depending on body type among women 20-50years of age. As a result, body types are classified into three groups: lean, normal, and obese figures. On front silhouette, the normal type occupies most in women belonged to lean figure group, the obese lower part of the bodytype in normal figure group, and the obese upper part of the body type in obese figure group. On the other, in side silhouette, the slender type is prevalent in lean figure group, hip obesity in normal figure group, and trunk obesity in obese figure group. In particular, women in the obese figure group were distributed among the various body types. The obese figure group had a lower fitness apparel in the measurement of circumference(e.g., chest, waist, and hip) related to obesity in comparison with measurement of length. Therefore, the development of an optimal sizing system in response to the various body types in the obese figure group is needed to provide more diversity in aesthetic design and continuity among various sizing systems.