• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Purpose: The object of this study is to compare the Insall-Salvati ratio and Carton index between the patients who have an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and the patients who have no ACL tear. Materials and Methods: The study group included 114 patients who had an ACL tear and received arthroscopic reconstruction. The group I was acute ACL tear group, within 3 weeks after injury. The group II was chronic ACL tear group who had MRI was done after 3 weeks from injury. The group III was normal control group. We measured the Insall-Salvati ratio and Carton index on Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) for all patients. Results: The Insall-Salvati ratio of control group was $1.02{\pm}0.12$ and Carton index of control group was $1.14{\pm}0.16$. The ACL-tear study group was $0.91{\pm}0.12\;and\;0.89{\pm}0.20$ respectively. The Insall-Salvati ratio and Caton index in ACL tear group was significantly less than those of control group. There were no significant differences in comparing with acute and chronic ACL tear group. Conclusion: Our study show that patella baja has an association with ACL tears, therefore in patients with an ACL tear who had patella baja, ideal graft for reconstruction was seriously considered.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.362-374
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of overestimation of their own body shape on weight control behaviors, mental condition, physical activity, dietary behavior, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status among young Korean females. Methods: A total of 1,514 women aged 20-39 years who are not pregnant and lactating among those who participated in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2011), were analyzed and grouped into underestimation (n=120), normal estimation (NE, n=840), and overestimation (OE, n=554), based on their body perception compared to actual percent ideal body weights. Variables were compared between OE group and NE group. Results: The subjects in OE group were significantly younger (29.5 vs. 30.5 years, respectively p < 0.05) and had lower body mass index (20.9 vs. 22.2 respectively, p < 0.01), health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D (EuroQol-5 Dimension)(0.97 vs. 0.98 respectively, p < 0.05), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of protein (0.91 vs. 0.93 respectively, p < 0.05), phosphorous (0.93 vs. 0.96 respectively, p < 0.05), and iron (0.70 vs. 0.75 respectively, p < 0.01), and index of nutrition quality (INQ) of iron (0.84 vs. 0.89 respectively, p < 0.05) compared to those in the NE group. The results of logistic regression showed that unmarried status (OR 1.32; 1.01~1.72) and severely underweight/underweight status (OR 1.94; 1.01~3.75)/(OR 1.81; 1.34~2.45) were significantly related to the probability of overestimation by the subjects. Significantly more women in OE group practiced fasting, skipping meals, and taking prescribed pills to lose body weights and had skipped breakfast compared to those in the NE group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the Korean young women's distorted perception of own body shape may be associated with undesirable weight control behavior, low quality of life, and lower nutritional status. Therefore, nutrition education for this group should include information on correct body shape perception and its importance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.319-328
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• 2013

Objectives: This study estimated the association of cardiovascular health behaviors with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in middle-aged men in Korea. Methods: In total, 12 538 men aged 40 to 59 years were enrolled in 1993 and followed up through 2011. Cardiovascular health metrics defined the following lifestyle behaviors proposed by the American Heart Association: smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet habit score, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. The cardiovascular health metrics score was calculated as a single categorical variable, by assigning 1 point to each ideal healthy behavior. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of cardiovascular health behavior. Population attributable risks (PARs) were calculated from the significant cardiovascular health metrics. Results: There were 1054 total and 171 CVD deaths over 230 690 person-years of follow-up. The prevalence of meeting all 7 cardiovascular health metrics was 0.67%. Current smoking, elevated blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose were significantly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The adjusted PARs for the 3 significant metrics combined were 35.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.7 to 47.4) and 52.8% (95% CI, 22.0 to 74.0) for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios of the groups with a 6-7 vs. 0-2 cardiovascular health metrics score were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.59) for all-cause mortality and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.29) for CVD mortality. Conclusions: Among cardiovascular health behaviors, not smoking, normal blood pressure, and recommended fasting blood glucose levels were associated with reduced risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4945-4953
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in perception levels of goals and concepts of physical education by the body image and gender of middle school students. Among 461 middle students randomly selected by a multistaged cluster sampling technique, 433 students(boys 267, girls 166) filled out questionnaires consisted of Figure Rating Scale and modified ones. To know the differences in the perception levels of goal and concept of physical education by sex, t-test was utilized. In order to find out the differences in the perception levels of goal and concept of physical education by body image, ANOVA was performed using the SPSS Windows 12.0. The results of this study revealed that boys had higher level of goal and concept of physical education than girls. Second, middle school students classified into normal body image was higher level of goal and concept of physical education that other body images such as very thin, thin, very obese, and obese ones. The results of this study indicated that curriculum of physical education focused on fragmentation of health, psychomotor, cognitive, affective, leisure, holistic human should make girls understand thoroughly and deeply goals and concepts of physical education and ideal body image.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2010

Purpose: The radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap is currently considered as the ideal free flap for reconstruction of mucosal and soft tissue defects of the palate. But the availability of stably attached oral and nasal mucosal lining is needed. In addition to this, for better operation field, operating convenience and esthetics, we planned a prelaminated radial forearm free flap. Methods: A 64-year-old male patient was admitted due to a $4{\times}4.5cm$ full through defect in the middle of the hard palate caused by peripheral T cell lymphoma with actinomycosis. In the first stage, the radial forearm flap was elevated, tailored to fit the hard palate defect, and then it positioned up-side down with split thickness skin graft. Two weeks later, the prelaminated radial forearm free flap was re-elevated and transferred to the palatal defect. One side covered with grafted skin was used to line the nasal cavity, and the other side (the cutaneous portion of the radial forearm flap) was used to line the oral cavity. Results: The prelamination procedure was relatively easy and useful. The skin graft was well taken to the flap. After 2nd stage operation, the flap survived uneventfully. There was no prolapse of the inset flap into the oral cavity and the cutaneous portion of the flap was mucosalized. The procedure was very successful and the patient can enjoy normal rigid diet and speech. Conclusion: The use of prelaminated radial forearm free flap for hard palate reconstruction is an excellent method to restore oral function. Based upon the result of this case, microvascular free flap transfer with prelaminated procedure is a valid alternative to the prosthetic obturator for palatal defect that provides an improved quality of life. It should be considered as an integral component of head and neck cancer therapy and rehabilitation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.724-741
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the body weight controls and eating disorders of university students in Gunsan. The subject of the present study included 229 male students (53.8%) and 197 female students (46.2%), totalling 426 students from Kunsan University. The subjects consisted of 56 underweight (13.1%), 265 with normal weight (62.2%), and 105 overweight (24.6%). Especially, in females, 20.8% of them were underweight, which is 6.6% higher than males, showing a significant difference (p<0.001). Regarding body image, 21.8% of the males thought they were fat, while 40.6% of the females thought they were fat. Regarding the perceived body type, shown in the difference between their own size and the ideal size, males recorded 0.03, while females recorded 1.75, showing a major significant difference (p<0.001). Regarding body satisfaction, 33.2% of the males were unsatisfied, while 52.8% of the females were unsatisfied (p<0.001). The social expectations of the male subjects' sizes and weights recorded 2.04, while that of females recorded -2.51, showing that people's opinions expected the female subjects' bodies to be thinner (p<0.001). Additionally, the social expectation of the subjects' weight control recorded an average of 15.22 (13.92 for males, 16.73 for females), showing that the female subjects' felt that people's opinions wished them to lose their weight (p<0.001). Regarding the recognition on weight control, interested males were 49.4%, while interested females were 86.8%, showing the females superior rate (p<0.001). The beliefs in relation to weight control recorded an average of 62.01, with the score of females of 67.89 being significantly higher than that of males which was 56.96. The subjects showed a relatively positive response towards weight control (p<0.001). EAT-26 score was employed to determine the eating attitudes in relation to gender. Here, the final score of males was 15.46, which was significantly lower than that of females, which was 22.21 (p<0.001). Furthermore, regarding the score of eating attitudes in relation to obesity index, the eating disorder scale scores on the questions related to bulimia and diets to lose weight as weight increases were high. However, the eating disorder scale score on oral control, which actually controls food, was low. To control the expansion of excessive weight control attempts and their side effects, the recognition of the students' body types needs to be corrected, and nutrition education programs on eating habits and eating disorders to foster proper weight loss are deemed necessary.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.701-707
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• 1997

Although many reseraches have been persued to detect the molecular tumor marker to define the cancer, ideal tumor marker which speak for the characteristics of malignancy and has high sensitivity and specificity is not known. One of the characteristics of the malignant cells is indefinite proliferative potential, in other word, immortality. The expression of telomerase and stabilization of te10meres are con omitant with the attaiunent of immortality in tumor cells; thus the measurement of telomerase activity in clinically obtained tumor samples may provide important information which would be useful as a diagnostic marker to detect immortal cancer cells. Telomerase activity was analyzed in 12 non-small cell . lung cancer cell lines and 41 primary non-small cell lung cancers with the use of a PCR-based assay. All the cell lines and the majority of tumors displayed telomerase activity, but telomerase was not detectable in most of the corresponding pathologically-normal tissues. Telomere length was not correlated with telomerase activity. The present study indicate that measurement of telomerase activity may be useful as a molecular tumor marker in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.33.1-33.7
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• 2019

Background: The concept of the ideal morphology for the alveolar bone form is an important element to reconstruct or restore the in maximizing esthetic profile and functional alveolar bone restoration. The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the normal alveolar bone structure to provide the standard reference and guide template for use in diagnosing for implant placement, determining the correct amount of bone augmentation in actual clinical practice and producing prostheses based on three-dimensional imaging assessment of alveolar bone. Methods: This study was included 11 men and 11 women (average age, 22.6 and 24.5 years, respectively) selected from among 127 patients. The horizontal widths of alveolar bone of maxilla and mandible were measured at the crestal, mid-root, and root apex level on MDCT (multi-detector computed tomography) images reconstructed by medical imaging software. In addition, tooth dimensions of the central incisors, canines, second premolars, and first molars of maxilla and mandible, including the horizontal width of the interdental alveolar bone crest, were also measured and statistically analyzed. Results: The horizontal alveolar bone width of the palatal side of maxilla showed a distinct increment from the alveolar bone crest to the apical region in both anterior and posterior areas. The average widths of the maxillary alveolar ridge were as follows: central incisor, 7.43 mm; canine, 8.91 mm; second premolar, 9.57 mm; and first molar, 12.38 mm. The average widths of the mandibular alveolar ridge were as follows: central incisor, 6.21 mm; canine, 8.55 mm; second premolar, 8.45 mm; and first molar, 10.02 mm. In the buccal side, the alveolar bone width was not increased from the crest to the apical region. The horizontal alveolar bone width of an apical and mandibular border region was thinner than at the mid-root level. Conclusions: The results of the preliminary study are useful as a clinical guideline when determining dental implant diameter and position. And also, these measurements can also be useful during the production of prefabricated membranes and customized alveolar bone scaffolds.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.423-429
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• 2013

The present study aimed to find the most sensitive placement of the skull to perceive speech through the bone vibrator in various protection methods while being exposed to noise. Twenty young normal-hearing adults (10 male and 10 female) participated in the study. As stimulus, Korean spondee words were presented via one of five skull locations (i.e., jaw angle, condyle, temple, mastoid, and vertex), while the participants wore one of four protection methods (i.e., ear form, ear plug, ear muff, and ear form and muff together) against white noise in one of four noise directions (i.e., 0, 90, 180, 270 degrees). The results showed: 1) there was a significant difference among the five skull locations with condyle being the most sensitive placement; 2) there was a significant difference among the four protection methods, with the ear form plus ear muff condition (or dual protection) providing the lowest threshold; 3) when exposed to noise from 90 degrees, the significantly lowest threshold was found; 4) there was no significant difference in results by gender. The pattern of results suggests that the communicative condition via the condyle bone conduction and the dual protection of the air conduction under any noise direction might be ideal for preventing noise-induced hearing loss, although further studies should be undertaken in this area.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2016

The progressive attrition of teeth is a normal process by aging. However, excessive tooth wear with decreased vertical dimension of occlusion and collapse of occlusal plane may cause pathologic pulpal condition, occlusal disharmony, functional disorders and esthetic problems. The change of vertical dimension is required in case that there is no sufficient clearance for restoration or in case that the occlusal relationship is modified. For gaining the vertical dimension, a careful diagnosis is essential prior to starting the restoration treatment. After evaluating adaptation of neuromuscular system of patient during provisional phase, the final restorations can be fabricated. In this case, a 78 year old male with severely worn down dentition was treated. To improve the esthetic appearance and to achieve the ideal occlusal relationship, the full mouth rehabilitation with minimal increase of vertical dimension is planned and diagnostic wax-up was performed at the increased vertical dimension. After evaluation of provisional restorations for 12 weeks, final restorations were fabricated and routine clinical assessments were made. After 1 year, the restorations with newly established occlusal scheme are well maintained without significant complications and esthetically and functionally satisfactory results were obtained.