• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

Purpose: This research was performed to determine which clinical signs and symptoms of brain injury are sensitive indicators of skull fracture (SF) and intracranial injury (ICI) in head injured children. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of minor head trauma in children younger than 2 years of age for a 1-year period. Skull radiographs, brain computed tomography (CT), and data forms, including mechanism of injury, symptoms, physical findings, and hospital course, were completed for each child. Results: Of 137 study subjects, 17 (12.4%) had SF/ICI. Falls were the most common mechanism of injury, and heights of fall above 1 meter were associated with incidence of SF/ICI (p<0.05). Scalp abnormalities were not associated with incidence of SF/ICI. As for clinical symptoms, lethargy and a grouping of features (irritability & vomiting) were associated with incidence of SF/ICI (p<0.05). The incidence of seizure, loss of consciousness, vomiting, irritability, and scalp abnormality did not differ significantly between those with normal radiologic findings and those with SF/ICI. Among asymptomatic patients, 11 (14.5%) patients had SF/ICI, and among patients with normal scalp findings, 9 (12.7%) patients had SF/ICI. Conclusion: Clinical signs and symptoms, except for lethargy and a grouping of features (irritability & vomiting), were not sensitive predictors of SF/ICI. Nevertheless, SF/ICI occurred among normal children. In such a case, a liberal policy of CT scanning is warranted.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1404-1415
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• 1992

To understand the factors influencing Atrial fibrillation and embolism in mitral valve surgery and prevent their risk, we have reviewed our 324 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery from Fev. 1982 to May 1992. Age, disease duration, lesion type, left ventricular function and left atrial dimension were chosen as preoperative factors influencing the incidence of atrial fibrillation and embolism and their postoperative course, The number and type of replaced valve, site of atriotmy, LA obliteration, ACT and use of Defibrillator were chaser. as operative factors influencing postoperative rhythm change and postop emb-olization. The results of analyses were as follows 1. The incidence of preoperative atrial fibrillation, systemic embolism and LA throbmus was 63. 6%, 10.56% and 19.8% relatively. 2. The preoperative factors of atrial fibrillation onset was old age, prolonged symptom duration, stenotic lesion, lager LAD and lower ejection fraction. In the preoperative systemic embolism preoperative factors were old age, female, stenotic lesion. The left atrial thrombus found more commonly in patients with atrial fibrillation, old age, prolonged symptom duration, stenotic lesion and low ejection fraction. 3. The preoperative atrial fibriation persisted postoperatively in 165[50.9%] and converted to normal sinus rhythm in 50[15.4%]. The preoperative normal sinus rhythm per-eisted in 100[31%] and atrial fibrillation was occured postoperatively in 9[2.7%]. The prolonged symptom duration was the preoperative factor of persist atrial fibrillation. 4. Among 95 long term follow-up patients, atiral fibrillation was continued in 59[60%]. Conversion to normal sinus rhythm was more common significantly in left atriotomy and bileaflet valve replacement. 5. There were 12 patients who had postoperative embolism. Female, persist atrial fibrillation, no LA olbiteration and tilting disc monocusp valve were considered as possible factors influencing postoperative embolism but was impossible to analyse their statistical significance due to small sample size. So we have concluded that the patients with above risk factors need anticoagulant and early surgical intervention. Left atriotomy with minimal atrial injury, left auricular obliteration and bileaflet valve replacement may be needed to reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation persist and embolism.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to obtain information on separation of nonviable seeds from seed lots of rape, Chinese cabbage and radish, by nondestrutive ways. Seeds were artificially aged at 90% relative humidity(RH) and 45$^{\circ}C$ to get different seed qualities. Large amounts of amino acids, proteins and sinapine were leaked from the dead seeds into water in the course of 4~8 hours soaking, while high quality seeds did not leak in all crops. Percentage of normal seedlings from nonfluorescent cellulose coated seeds of rape, Chinese cabbage and radish under ultraviolet light was 96, 96 and 74%, while that of fluorescent seeds was 8, 9 and 1%, respectively. Cellulose coating and storage of Chinese cabbage and rape seeds at 60 and 75% RH for 3 months and 90% RH for 2 months did not deteriorate seed quality. But percentage of normal seedlings from nonfluorescent radish seeds stored at 60, 75 and 90% RHs for 3 months was 63, 64 and 2%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 1999

Objectives: The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) family has been increasingly recognized as an important component in the control of normal cell proliferation and the pathogenesis of cancer. To confirm the usefulness of epidermal growth factor receptor as a tumor marker, we initiated this study. Materials and Methods: EGFR was measured by immunohistochemical staining using EGFR antibody. It was performed on section from paraffin blocks of 65 thyroid tissue including 33 paillary carcinoma, 11 follicular carcinoma, 11 nodular hyperplasia, 5 follicular adenoma and 5 normal thyroid tissue. We evaluated morphologic characteristic of various thyroid neoplasms, and the relationship between EGFR and other prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Results: The expression of EGFR was commonly found in neoplasms of thyroid, with trend for stronger staining in the more malignant tumor(p=0.000). Also the expression of EGFR in papillary thyroid cancer related to tumor characters including tumor size(p=0.042), extent(p=0.024) and prognostic features including AMES scores(p=0.019). The strong EGFR staining in papillary carcinoma was significantly associated with tumor recurrence(p=0.003). Conclusions: EGFR may have a role in the regulation of normal and neoplastic thyroid cell growth. EGFR status may help predict the clinical course of patients with malignant thyroid neoplasms. However, the study of more cases will be needed for significance of the information about the EGFR as an independent prognostic factor.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.605-610
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• 2015

Toxoplasmosis is considered as an important risk factor for bad obstetric history (BOH) and one of the major causes of congenitally acquired infections. The present study aimed to estimate the seropositivity of T. gondii infection and associated risk factors among the attendees of high risk pregnancy and low risk antenatal care clinic of Minia Maternity and Pediatric University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. The study was carried out from April 2013 to April 2014 through 2 phases, the first phase was case-control study, and the second phase was follow-up with intervention. A total of 120 high risk pregnant and 120 normal pregnant females were submitted to clinical examinations, serological screening for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA, and an interview questionnaire. Seropositive cases were subjected to spiramycin course treatment. The results showed that the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in high-risk pregnancy group was 50.8%, which was significantly different from that of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05). Analysis of seropositive women in relation to BOH showed that abortion was the commonest form of the pregnancy wastage (56.5%). The high prevalence of T. gondii seropositive cases was observed in the age group of 21-30 years. Post-delivery adverse outcome was observed in 80.3% of high-risk pregnancy group compared to 20% of normal pregnancy group. There was a statistically significant relationship between seropositivity and living in rural area, low socioeconomic level, and undercooked meat consumption (P<0.05). Serological screening for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies should be routine tests especially among high-risk pregnant women.

• Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.284-289
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• 2018

Purpose: Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. It is associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular, immune, allergic and infectious disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in clinical manifestations according to the concentration of vitamin D in mild bronchiolitis. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of patients with mild bronchiolitis from November 2016 to April 2017 in Daegu Fatima Hospital. Mild bronchiolitis was classified by the modified Tal's score method. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 20 ng/mL. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and laboratory data from the 2 groups. Results: Of the 64 patients, 19 were included in the deficiency group and 45 in the normal group. Vitamin D levels were $11.7{\pm}4.9ng/mL$ in the deficiency group and $28.8{\pm}5.0ng/mL$ in the normal group. There were no differences in clinical features between both groups. However, the vitamin D deficiency group had significantly longer hospitalization than the normal group ($6.78{\pm}2.74$ days vs. $5.3{\pm}1.7$ days, P=0.045). In the deficiency group, the incidence of previous respiratory diseases was significantly higher (P=0.001). No significant difference in blood and respiratory virus tests was observed. Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels in mild bronchiolitis were associated with longer hospitalization and prior respiratory disease. Vitamin D may affect the course of mild bronchiolitis.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.357-377
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• 2021

This study aims to suggest the sustainable services for academic library in the New Normal Age, analyzing the online services during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, this study examined the operation condition of academic libraries' services during the COVID-19, analyzing the untact and online services of 63 libraries of universities which have more than 10,000 students. And this research classified the online services into three types, which are 'collection', 'facilities', 'programs' and examined the library homepage and development plans of academic libraries. This study also looked into the services of Korean public libraries and foreign libraries to suggest the sustainable services for academic library. As a result, this study suggests 'providing online materials for course reserves', 'expansion of research and study curation services to invigorate the use of library materials', 'introducing the smart library system and renovation of library facility and space services', 'planning of online programs through expansion of interaction with users'.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 1987

To evaluate the values of the thyroid autoantibody measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and compare it with hemagglutination method (HA) in the normal and the thyroid disease, data were obtained from total 618 persons; 236 healthy persons, 217 patients with Graves' disease (including 113 patients with undertreated Graves' disease), 100 Hashimoto's disease, 31 thyroid nodule, and 34 simple goiter. RSR kit made in England was used and could be detected to at least 3 U/ml. The positive rates of normal group were antimicrosomal antibody (AMA) 31.8%, antithyroglobulin antibody (ATA) 44.5% by RIA and there was no considerable change in sex and age distribution. In Graves' disease, the positive rates of AMA and ATA were 90.4, 76.9% by RIA, 85, 39% by HA. In Hashimoto's disease, 94,91 % by RIA, and 87,48% by HA, respectively. The autoantibody titer by RIA in thyroid autoimmune disease as well as in normal group was more senisitive than that by HA, especially in ATA. There were linear relationships between the titer of RIA and that of HA in AMA of Graves' disease and AMA and ATA of Hashimoto's disease. There was no relationship among thyroid autoantibody, free $T_4$ index, TBII, and TSH. The titers of AMA and ATA were found to decrease in patients with Graves' disease during the course of antithyroid drug therapy. Of the 236 normal subjects, thirty-seven (15.7%) had concentrations of above 7.5 U/ml in AMA, forty. four (18.6%) above 9 U/ml in ATA. These values were considered as the upper limit for the normal range. In Graves' disease, 82.7, 53.8% were above 7.5, 9 U/ml, respectively; In Hashimoto's disease, 82, 79% were positive. We conclude that RIA was more sensitve than HA in measuring the thyoird autoantibody, but we will study further more for determining the normal range and its interpretation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1975

In an attempt to establish the diagnostic value of Achilles tendon reflex and to determine the normal value of Achilles tendon reflex time in normal Korean, the author measured the Achilles tendon reflex time by photomotograph. This study was carried out in 272 cases with various thyroid diseases and 340 normal Korean. 1) The Achilles tendon reflex time in normal Korean was like this, between 11 years old and 20 years old; male (62cases); $250{\pm}27$ msec, female (36 cases); $266{\pm}27$ msec, between 21 years old and 30 years old; male (38 cases); $271{\pm}27$ msec, female (21 cases); $284{\pm}27$ msec, between 31 years old and 40 years old; male (26 cases); $275{\pm}25$ msec, female (29 cases); $291{\pm}27$ msec, between 41 years old and 50 years old; male (20 cases); $286{\pm}35$ msec, female (24 cases); $307{\pm}42$ msec, between 51 years old and 60 years old, male (20 cases); $296{\pm}33$ msec, female (20 cases); $318{\pm}46$ msec, over 61 years; male (24 cases) $301{\pm}33$ msec, female (20 cases); $325{\pm}35$ msec. The Achilles tendon reflex time was delayed with increasing age and delayed in the female. 2) The Achilles tendon reflex time was markedly shortened to $221{\pm}20$msec in untreated hyperthyroidism. 3) The Achilles tendon reflex time was markedly delayed to $435{\pm}59$msec in hypothyroidism. 4) The Achilles tendon reflex time was not changed significantly in.other thyroid diseases with normal thyroid function. 5) The Achilles tendon reflex time showed good,correlationship with ETR, $T_3RU,\;^{131}I$ thyroid uptake and serum TSH. 6) Reproducibility of Achilles tendon reflex: time was good, and no significant difference between left and right was noted. 7) Diagnostic accuracy of Achilles tendon reflex time was 71% in hyperthyroidism and 90% in hypothyroidism. 8) The Achilles tendon reflex time showed useful test to evaluate the clinical course of the hyperthyroidism.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2002

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a chronic immune-mediated peripheral myelinopathy. The major clinical features include slowly progressive, painless, and asymmetric weakness, usually of distal limb muscle. Early in the course of the disease, weakness is not necessarily associated with muscle atrophy, owing to the initial primary involvement of peripheral myelin. Chronic progressive weakness is often associated with some degree of concurrent axonal loss and subsequent muscle atrophy. Sensory symptoms are usually mild or absent, and involvement of cranial and respiratory muscles is rare. The findings of multifocal motor conduction block, abnormal temporal dispersion, and focal conduction slowing at segments not at risk for common entrapment or compression injury, associated with normal sensory conduction studies along the same segments, are the hallmark electrophysiologic features of MMN. The slow progression and absence of upper motor neuron signs are the major clinical points that separate MMN from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The role of GM1 antibodies, found in high titers in 22~84% of MMN patients, remains uncertain. The contention that MMN is an autoimmune disorder is largely based on the often dramatic improvement in symptoms following the administration of intravenuos immunoglobulin or cyclophosphamide.