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The Clinical Usefulness of Halo Sign on CT Image of Trauma Patients  

Jeong, Jong Il (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital)
Kim, Ah Jin (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital)
Shin, Dong Wun (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital)
Rho, Jun Young (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital)
Kim, Kyung Hwan (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital)
Kim, Hong Yong (Department of Surgery, DongGuk University International Hospital)
Park, Jun Seok (Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital)
Publication Information
Journal of Trauma and Injury / v.20, no.2, 2007 , pp. 83-89 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This research was performed to determine which clinical signs and symptoms of brain injury are sensitive indicators of skull fracture (SF) and intracranial injury (ICI) in head injured children. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of minor head trauma in children younger than 2 years of age for a 1-year period. Skull radiographs, brain computed tomography (CT), and data forms, including mechanism of injury, symptoms, physical findings, and hospital course, were completed for each child. Results: Of 137 study subjects, 17 (12.4%) had SF/ICI. Falls were the most common mechanism of injury, and heights of fall above 1 meter were associated with incidence of SF/ICI (p<0.05). Scalp abnormalities were not associated with incidence of SF/ICI. As for clinical symptoms, lethargy and a grouping of features (irritability & vomiting) were associated with incidence of SF/ICI (p<0.05). The incidence of seizure, loss of consciousness, vomiting, irritability, and scalp abnormality did not differ significantly between those with normal radiologic findings and those with SF/ICI. Among asymptomatic patients, 11 (14.5%) patients had SF/ICI, and among patients with normal scalp findings, 9 (12.7%) patients had SF/ICI. Conclusion: Clinical signs and symptoms, except for lethargy and a grouping of features (irritability & vomiting), were not sensitive predictors of SF/ICI. Nevertheless, SF/ICI occurred among normal children. In such a case, a liberal policy of CT scanning is warranted.
Keywords
Minor head trauma; Children;
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