• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.731-744
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• 2007

A method for dynamic analysis and design calculation of a Powertrain Mounting System(PMS) including Hydraulic Engine Mounts(HEM) is developed with the aim of controlling powertrain motion and reducing low-frequency vibration in pitch and bounce modes. Here the pitch mode of the powertrain is defined as the mode rotating around the crankshaft of an engine for a transversely mounted powertrain. The powertrain is modeled as a rigid body connected to rigid ground by rubber mounts and/or HEMs. A mount is simplified as a three-dimensional spring with damping elements in its Local Coordinate System(LCS). The relation between force and displacement of each mount in its LCS is usually nonlinear and is simplified as piecewise linear in five ranges in this paper. An equation for estimating displacements of the powertrain center of gravity(C.G.) under static or quasi-static load is developed using Newton's second law, and an iterative algorithm is presented to calculate the displacements. Also an equation for analyzing the dynamic response of the powertrain under ground and engine shake excitations is derived using Newton's second law. Formulae for calculating reaction forces and displacements at each mount are presented. A generic PMS with four rubber mounts or two rubber mounts and two HEMs are used to validate the dynamic analysis and design calculation methods. Calculated displacements of the powertrain C.G. under static or quasi-static loads show that a powertrain motion can meet the displacement limits by properly selecting the stiffness and coordinates of the tuning points of each mount in its LCS using the calculation methods developed in this paper. Simulation results of the dynamic responses of a powertrain C.G. and the reaction forces at mounts demonstrate that resonance peaks can be reduced effectively with HEMs designed on the basis of the proposed methods.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

PURPOSES : In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model for airport concrete pavement was developed using the commercial program ABAQUS. Users can select an analysis method and set the range of input parameters to reflect actual conditions such as environmental loading. METHODS : The geometrical shape of the FEA model was chosen by considering the concrete pavement located in the third-stage construction site of Incheon International Airport. Incompatible eight-node elements were used for the FEA model. Laboratory test results for the concrete specimens fabricated at the construction site were used as material properties of the concrete slab. The material properties of the cement-treated base suggested by the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) manual were used as those of the lean concrete subbase. In addition, preceding studies and pavement evaluation reports of Incheon International Airport were referred for the material properties of asphalt base and subgrade. The kinetic friction coefficient between the concrete slab and asphalt base acquired from a preceding study was used for the friction coefficient between the layers. A nonlinear temperature gradient according to slab depth was used as an input parameter of environmental loading, and a quasistatic method was used to analyze traffic loading. The average load transfer efficiency obtained from an Heavy falling Weight Deflectomete(HWD) test was converted to a spring constant between adjacent slabs to be used as an input parameter. The reliability of the FEA model developed in this study was verified by comparing its analysis results to those of the FEAFAA model. RESULTS : A series of analyses were performed for environmental loading, traffic loading, and combined loading by using both the model developed in this study and the FEAFAA model under the same conditions. The stresses of the concrete slab obtained by both analysis models were almost the same. An HWD test was simulated and analyzed using the FEA model developed in this study. As a result, the actual deflections at the center, mid-edge, and corner of the slab caused by the HWD loading were similar to those obtained by the analysis. CONCLUSIONS : The FEA model developed in this study was judged to be utilized sufficiently in the prediction of behavior of airport concrete pavement.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2002

강합성교각과 강교각은 철근곤크리트교각에 비해서 우수한 연성, 작은 단면 및 빠른 시공속도에도 불구하고 이 같은 장점들을 활용할 필요가 있는 도시지역에서조차 철근콘크리트교각의 대안으로서 활용되지 못하였다. 이 논문은 강합성교각과 강교각의 내진성능 평가에 관한 연속된 두편의 논문 중 첫편으로 강교각과 강합성 교각의 연성과 강성을 평가 비교하기 위해 수행한 준정적 반복재하실험을 대상으로 하였다. 기존의 강교각 및 강합성교각의 실험과 더불어 채움콘크리트와 하부 다이어프램간의 부작을 개선한 상세를 실험하였다. 또한, 강합성교각의 연성과 강성을 산정하기 위한 간편한 수치해석방법을 찾기 위해 비선형 스프링과 쉘요소를 사용한 해석을 시도하였다. 도시내의 전형적인 오버패스구간의 교각을 모델로 한 실험결과, 강합성교각은 강교각에 비해서 우수한 강성과 에너지 소산능력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 채움콘크리트의 부착과 응력집중부의 상세를 개선시기는 것이 강합성교각의 연성과 강성을 증가시키는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 시도된 수지해석방법은 강합성교각과 강교각의 거동을 완벽하게 모사하지는 못했지만 추가적인 연구가 진행되면 연성과 강성을 평가하는 간편한 방법으로 사용될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

최근 해양구조물의 건설이 활발해짐에 따라 해상 부유식 구조체를 경제적으로 지지할 수 있는 새로운 앵커형식을 개발하려는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 대구경 단일형 석션파일 대신에 다수의 중구경 석션파일을 콘크리트 파일캡으로 결합한 그룹 석션파일에 대하여 연구하였다. 그룹 석션파일은 이동과 회전이 함께 발생하는 복잡한 지지거동을 보이기 때문에 일반적인 설계법을 적용하기 어렵다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 점성토 지반에 근입된 그룹 석션파일의 수평방향 지지력을 산정하는 수치 모델링 기법을 개발하였다. 본 기법은 파일을 보요소, 주변지반의 저항력을 비선형 스프링으로 모사한다. 본 기법의 적용성을 분석하기 위하여 동일한 조건에 대하여 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하여 수평방향 하중-변위 곡선을 서로 비교하였다. 비교결과, 제안된 기법이 지지력을 과소평가하고 최대 지지력이 발생하는 변위는 크게 산정하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로, 유한요소해석 결과를 실제거동을 모사할 수 있는 정밀해로 가정한 후 개발된 설계 모델링 기법의 결과를 보정할 수 있는 지반저항력 보정계수를 제안하였다.