• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제29권 5호
• /
• pp.285-301
• /
• 2022

This study aims at developing a torsional strength model based on a nonlinear analysis method presented in the previous studies. To this end, flexural neutral axis depth of a reinforced concrete section and effective thickness of an idealized thin-walled tube were formulated based on reasonable approximations. In addition, various sectional force components, such as shear, flexure, axial compression, and torsional moment, were considered in estimating torsional strength by addressing a simple and linear strain profile. Existing test results were collected from literature for verifications by comparing with those estimated from the proposed model. On this basis, it can be confirmed that the proposed model can evaluate the torsional strength of RC members subjected to combined loads with a good level of accuracy, and it also well captured inter-related mechanisms between shear, bending moment, axial compression, and torsion.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.467-474
• /
• 2007

본 논문에서는 부착 유무, 정착장치 유무, 긴장량, 경간 길이 등을 실험 변수로 하여 총 13개의 시험체를 제작하여 휨 성능 실험과 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 1개의 표준시험체, 2개의 긴장력을 도입하지 않는 보강시험체, 4개의 긴장력을 도입한 비부착보강시험체, 4개의 긴장력을 도입한 부착시험체와 2개의 경간 길이가 다른 보강시험체를 제작하였다. 또한, 콘크리트의 비선형, 철근 및 탄소섬유와 콘크리트와의 계면 특성을 고려한 DIANA 프로그램을 이용하여 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 긴장력을 도입한 보강된 시험체는 박리 파괴가 아닌 FRP 파단에 의하여 최종파괴가 되었다. 특히, 긴장력을 도입한 부착시험체는 1차, 2차 박리가 발생 후, 정착장치의 고정으로 인하여 부착시스템에서 비부착시스템으로 전환되었다. 또한, 탄소섬유판으로 보강된 시험체의 해석 결과와 실험 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 긴장력을 도입한 탄소섬유판으로 보강된 모든 시험체는 연성지수가 3이상 나타나 어느 정도 이상의 연성을 확보하고 있는 것으로 알 수 있었다. 그리고 박리하중과 항복하중 및 극한하중에서 실험값과 해석값이 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.431-436
• /
• 2001

Lateral confining effect due to the existence of the shear reinforcements in R.C. beam is investigate in a numerical way. For the purpose, a three dimensional constitutive model of concrete is developed based on the elasto-plasticity using non-associated plastic flow rule to control the excessive inelastic dilatancy. The plastic flow direction is determined based on the associated plastic flow direction in a way to adjust the directional angle between the two normal vector components along the hydrostatic and deviatoric axis in a meridian plane in which the loading function prescribed. The current formulation is combined with the four parameter elasto-plastic triaxial concrete model recently developed. The resulting elasto-plastic triaxial concrete model predicts the fundamental behaviors of concrete under different confining levels and the 4-points flexural test of a beam with shear reinforcements, compares with the experimental results.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.883-900
• /
• 2014

Shape memory alloys (SMA) can dissipate energy through hysteresis cycles without significant residual deformation. This paper describes the fabrication and testing of copper-based SMA hourglass-shaped plates for use in energy dissipation devices and the development of a numerical model to reproduce the experiments. The plates were tested under cyclic flexural deformations, showing stable hysteresis cycles without strength degradation. A detailed nonlinear numerical model was developed and validated with the experimental data, using as input the constitutive relationship for the material determined from cyclic tests of material coupons under tension loading. The model adequately reproduces the experimental results. The study is focused on the exploitation of SMA in the martensite phase.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.877-890
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to present adequate modeling solutions for squat and slender RC walls. ASCE41-13 (American Society of Civil Engineers) specifies that the aspect ratios of height to width for the RC walls affect the hysteresis response. Thus, this study performed non-linear analysis subjected to cyclic loading using two different macroscopic models: one of macroscopic models represents flexural failure of RC walls (Shear Wall Element model) and the other (General Wall Element model) reflects diagonal shear failure occurring in the web of RC walls. These analytical results were compared to previous experimental studies for a slender wall (> aspect ratio of 3.0) and a squat wall (= aspect ratio of 1.0). For the slender wall, the difference between the two macroscopic models was negligible, but the squat wall was significantly affected by parameters for shear behavior in the modeling method. For accurate performance evaluation of RC buildings with squat walls, it would be reasonable to use macroscopic models that give consideration to diagonal shear.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.353-364
• /
• 2023

In this study, a method has been proposed for the static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of multi-storey buildings, which takes into account the contribution of axial deformations in vertical load-bearing elements, which are especially important in tall and narrow structures. Shear deformations on the shear walls were also taken into account in the study. The presented method takes into account the effects that are not considered in the fishbone and flexural-shear beam models developed in the literature. In the Fishbone model, only frame systems are modeled. In the flexural shear beam model developed for shear wall systems, shear deformations and axial deformations in the walls are neglected. Unlike the literature, with the model proposed in this study, both shear deformations in the walls and axial deformations in the columns and walls are taken into account. In the proposed model, multi-storey building is represented as a sandwich beam consisting of Timoshenko beams pieced together with a double-hinged beam. At each storey, the total moment capacities of the frame beams and the coupled beams in the coupled shear walls are represented as the equivalent shear capacity. On the other hand, The sums of individual columns and walls moment at the relevant floor level are represented as equivalent moment capacity at that floor level. At the end of the study, examples were solved to show the suitability of the proposed method in this study. The SAP2000 program is employed in analyses. In a conclusion, it is observed that among the solved examples, the proposed sandwich beam model gives good results. As can be seen from these results, it is seen that the presented method, especially in terms of base shear force, gives very close results to the detailed finite element method.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2013

In this paper, the a static experiment of on two reinforced concrete (RC) frame sub-assemblages was conducted to evaluate the seismic behaviors of existing RC frames that were not designed to support a seismic load. The specimens were a one span and actual-sized. One of them had two columns with the same stiffness, but the other had two columns with different stiffness values. As Regarding the test results, lots of many cracks occurred on the surfaces of the columns and beam-column joints for the two specimens, but the cover concrete splitting hardly occurred was minimal until the test ends. In the case of the specimen with the same stiffness offor the two columns, the flexural collapse of the left-side column occurred. However, in the case of the specimen with different stiffness values for of the two columns, the beam-column joint finally collapsed, even though the shear strength of the joint was designed to be strong enough to support the lateral collapse load. The nonlinear Nonlinear static analysis of the two specimens was also conducted using the uniaxial spring model, and the analytical results successfully simulated the nonlinear behaviour of the specimens in accordance with the test results.

• Multiscale and Multiphysics Mechanics
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.143-156
• /
• 2016

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures require advanced analysis techniques for better estimation of their seismic responses, especially in the case of exhibiting complex three-dimensional coupling of torsional and flexural behaviors. This study focuses on validating a numerical approach for evaluating the seismic response of a three-dimensional unsymmetrical RC structure through the participation in the SMART 2013 international benchmark program. The benchmark program provides material properties, detailed drawings of the RC structure, and input ground motions for the seismic response evaluation. In this study, nonlinear constitutive models of concrete and rebar were formed and local tests were conducted to verify the constitutive models in finite element analysis. Elastic calibration of the finite element model of the SMART 2013 RC structure was performed by comparing numerical and experimental results in modal and linear time history analyses. Using the calibrated model, nonlinear earthquake analysis and seismic fragility analysis were performed to estimate the behavior and vulnerability of the RC structure with various ground motions.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.581-594
• /
• 2014

HSB800과 HSB600 강재를 플랜지와 웨브에 적용하고 균일휨모멘트를 받는 하이브리드거더의 휨강도 평가를 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 비조밀 및 조밀플랜지와 세장, 비조밀 및 조밀 웨브를 갖는 이축 및 일축대칭 단면들을 대상으로 하였으며, 3차원 쉘요소 모델에 초기처짐과 잔류응력의 영향을 고려하여 '단면 휨강도' 및 '횡비틀림좌굴 강도'를 비선형해석으로부터 평가하였다. 수치해석 결과는 AASHTO LRFD 및 Eurocode 3 기준과 비교하였으며, 비조밀 및 조밀 웨브를 갖는 단면에 대해서는 AASHTO LRFD 부록 A6 기준의 적용성을 분석하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제9권4호통권33호
• /
• pp.557-578
• /
• 1997

이 연구의 목적은 매우 큰 지진하에 휨 모멘트에 의해서만 항복하는 부재와 휨 모멘트와 축 방향력에 의하여 항복하는 부재를 모델 할 수 있는 보-기둥 요소를 개발하는데 있다. 이 요소는 직렬 힌지 모델 (one-component series hinge model)로 간주 될 수 있으며, 축 방향 강성도 변화와 축 방향 소성 변형을 고려 할 수 있고 또한 단조, 주기, 임의 하중 등을 적절히 모델 할 수 있는 경화 법칙 (hardening rules)을 고려한다. 일반적으로 이 요소는 실험 결과 및 화이버 모델 (fiber model)에 비교하여 볼 때 기존의 이직선 힌지 모델 (bilinear hinge model)보다 우수한 거동을 보였고 모멘트 저항 뼈대 구조물의 강 부재의 보-기둥 거동을 적절하게 모델 할 수 있었다. 개발된 보-기둥 요소는 지진 하중하에서 구조물의 전체적인 거동과 설계에 필요한 국부 변형량을 기존의 이직선 힌지 모델 보다 매우 정확하게 예측 할 수 있다.