• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.264-271
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to know the storage stability of Yackwa, a traditional Korean fried cookie, prepared by two different cooking methods; deep fat frying at 160$^{\circ}C$ for 8 min (DFF), and preheating Yackwa dough and then deep fat frying at 180$^{\circ}C$ for 2 min (MW/DFF). Soybean oil (SBO), hydrogenated soybean oil (HSBO) or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) were used for frying Yackwa. Compared to Yackwa prepared by DFF, all MW/DFF Yackwa samples had low fat content and high moisture content. MW/DFF saved frying time 6 min compared with DFF. Non-hydrogenated soybean oil for frying fats was replaced with hydrogenated types of soybean oil and palm oil to improve the storage stability of Yackwa. To investigate the oxidation stability of Yackwa during the accelerated storage for 15 days at 60$^{\circ}C$, acid value, anisidine value, peroxide value and oxidation value of Yackwas were measured. Acid values of Yackwa made by MW/DFF were higher than those made by DFF through the whole storage periods, regardless of frying fats. Peroxide and anisidine values of Yackwa coated with syrup were much lower than those without syrup. MW/DFF cooking method, using hydrogenated soybean oil or hydrogenated palm oil for frying, showed lowering effects on peroxide value as well as anisidine value, resulting in improved oxidation stability of Yackwa during the storage. In sensory evaluation, the acceptability of MW/DFF Yackwa was higher than those of the commerical products. Yackwa prepared by MW/DFF cooking method using hydrogenated palm oil, showed the highest acceptability in color, taste and texture among the samples.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2010

Alpinia katsumadai has been widely used in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine to treat a variety of conditions including emesis and gastric disorders such as gastric pain and distended abdomen. To investigate the antinociceptive potential and mechanism of A. katsumadai, ethanolic extracts of A. katsumadai were assayed on cyclooxygenase-2 and evaluated for analgesic activity based on phenylbenzoquinone (PBQ)-induced writhing and carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia tests. A. katsumadai extracts inhibited the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme activity in a dose-dependent fashion at an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.044 ${\mu}g$/ml. A. katsumadai extract (30-300 mg/kg, orally (p.o.) administered) significantly inhibited PBQ-induced writhing. This inhibition was judged not to be a false positive because a Rota-rod test revealed no difference in muscular coordination when compared to the controls. With regard to the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, A. katsumadai extract (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant, dose-dependent increase in the withdrawal response latencies. Naloxone did not reverse the analgesic effect of A. katsumadai extract in the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. Taken together, these results suggest that the antinociceptive activity of A. katsumadai is not related to the opioid receptor. A. katsumadai extract has remarkable, non-opioidreceptor-mediated analgesic effects on PBQ-induced writhing and carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia that occur via cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.325-353
• /
• 2018

Agricultural systems in South Asian countries are dominated by smallholder farmers. Additionally, these farmers have limited access to pre- and post-harvest technologies due to their high initial cost. The lack of these technologies in postharvest handling is responsible for 20% to 44% of fruit and vegetable losses. These high losses are largely the result of a generally weak basic postharvest infrastructure for the preservation of products, which avoids damage from improper handling, transportation, packaging, and storage. High postharvest losses of products negatively affect food availability, food security, and nutrition, as the producer is able to sell less of the farm yield and the net availability of these food commodities for consumption is reduced. An underlying cause of these postharvest losses is the limited awareness and knowledge bases of stakeholders (researchers, farmers, governments, non-governmental organizations, and merchants) in the traditional supply chains in which these losses occur. The analysis presented in this paper explores the state of postharvest practice in South Asian countries and discusses options for low-cost postharvest technologies in the region that can support small-scale farmers and provide a viable pathway for supply to the market, joining with modern value chains and bringing about individual and regional reduction in postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables. The improvement of basic and simple low-cost technologies through precise research efforts has the potential to prevent such huge losses of products, and help meet the ever-increasing demand for food in South Asian countries.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2007

This study was investigated the relationship between palatability and physicochemical properties of rice kernels from two rice cultivars, including Gopumbyeo and Palgongbyeo. Major fatty acids of rice were oleic(35% in Gopum, 33.2% in Palgong, respectively) and linoleic acids (42.9% in Gopumbyeo, 40.7% in Palgongbyeo, respectively). There were significant differences in composition of amino acids and content of sugar from non-starch polysaccharide between two rice cultivars. However, no difference was found in mineral contents between Gopumbyeo and Palgongbyeo. In Rapid Visco Analyzer examination, pasting temperature and breakdown of Gopumbyeo were lower than those of Plagongbyeo. In X-ray diffraction patterns of starches separated from two rice cultivars, traditional A type and there was no difference in crystalline of rice starch. We could also obtain the results that Goupumbyeo, known to have good eating quality, had higher palatability value than Palgongbyeo.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.324-334
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze Olympism. For analysis, a Q methodology was applied, which is useful for identifying individual's subjectivity structure. The research question raised in this study included what is Olympism. For this study, a Q-sample, which made 34 statements exploring the Olympism attitude and value system, was used. In addition, a P-sample was composed of 35 statements. Seventeen people with non-physical education involvement and 18 athletic players were selected. Olympism was categorized into five types: 'traditional values', 'meaningful to participate', 'contend for victory', 'fair play', and 'sense of ethics'.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.352-361
• /
• 2010

Objectives: This study estimated the annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 from a societal perspective and using a cost-of-illness method. Methods: Our model employed a comprehensive set of diagnostic disease codes to define food-borne diseases with using the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) reimbursement data. This study classified the food borne illness as three types of symptoms according to the severity of the illness: mild, moderate, severe. In addition to the traditional method of assessing the cost-of-illness, the study included measures to account for the lost quality of life. We estimated the cost of the lost quality of life using quality-adjusted life years and a visual analog scale. The direct cost included medical and medication costs, and the non-medical costs included transportation costs, caregiver's cost and administration costs. The lost productivity costs included lost workdays due to illness and lost earnings due to premature death. Results: The study found the estimated annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 were 954.9 billion won (735.3 billion won-996.9 billion won). The medical cost was 73.4 -76.8% of the cost, the lost productivity cost was 22.6% and the cost of the lost quality of life was 26.0%. Conclusions: Most of the cost-of-illness studies are known to have underestimated the actual socioeconomic costs of the subjects, and these studies excluded many important social costs, such as the value of pain, suffering and functional disability. The study addressed the uncertainty related to estimating the socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease as well as the updated cost estimates. Our estimates could contribute to develop and evaluate policies for food-borne disease.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.1065-1071
• /
• 2009

Satellite application services can be divided into realtime services like voice communications and non-real time services like traditional data communications. To support both types of services on the same On-Board Switching(OBS), a scheduler which depends on their service classes is required. A fixed priority scheduling policy has a starvation problem. In this paper we propose a scheduling scheme based on premium and age. Premium is a fixed value which is given to a certain class of services. Age is another parameter of the scheduling policy and it will be increased by one for every scheduling cycle. The scheme we propose chooses a packet which has the largest sum of its age and premium. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach shows better performance in both average cell delay and std-dev of cell delay for the lower class of service. There is no staying in infinite starvation state.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to collect basic marketing and management data from businesses run by farmers producing traditional Kanjang and Doenjang, fermented soybean products. The actual conditions of the fermentation processing sites at farmhouses participating in the production of soybean fermentation products were investigated. The subjects of this survey were 130 small size farmhouse Kanjang and Doenjang processing sites nationwide. The frequency, percentage, t-value, chi-square, and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The farmhouse business surveyed were generally operated by rural women for non-farming business income. The percentage of co-worked sites was 71.2 while the percentage of sites operating with permits was 39.2. Generally, the the facilities, size, number of working people, and output were very small. The areas in which the products were sold, site-located regions and region metropolises, were equally weighted. Sales volumes in region metropolises for sites with permits were a little higher than sites without permits. Without regard to operation type, the percentage of sales was highest in cases of direct sale by customer order. Co-worked sites have been found to have more experience in publicity than individually operated sites. As for methods of publicity, co-worked sites use mass media such as newspapers and broadcasting. Individually operated sites usually use social organizations and acquaintances. It was found that the average sales of each site totaled 25 million Won. The average income of each site was 12 million Won, and average income per participant was 3 million Won. Total sales income for sites with permits was significantly higher than sites without permits. But personal income was much higher at individually operated sites without regard to whether the site had a permit or not. This kind of business was found to contribute to an individual's time management skills as well as instill a sense of pride.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.469-475
• /
• 2009

Diseases caused by indurate tissues of the internal organs are liver cirrhosis and abdominal sclerosis. The cause of chronic gastro-intestinal disease is a digestive system disorder and a defecation disorder. They impede peristaltic movement and digestive system with the symptom that indurate tissues. The purpose of the present study was to determine the disease grade quantitatively by measuring an indurated standard of tissues and organs. For the measurement of elasticity, we designed the system that measure the displacement of the substance and approved pressure using ultrasound transducer. For verification of developed system, we compared elasticity as results of experiment between the developed system and public elasticity measurement machine at individual plastic phantoms made by plastic hardener and softener. Elasticity of the plastic phantoms is averagely 0.007MPa lower measured by developed system than Micro-indenter, and less than 10% errors. Comparing with economical value and accuracy between developed system and Micro-indenter, the system is significant of measurement for tissue elasticity. Thus, it is possible to measure a elasticity at human tissue and organ. A chronic gastro-disease as well as grade could be decided objective validity using this system.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2003

The objective of this study was to compare the textural properties and sensory evaluation of Injulmi, a traditional Korean waxy rice cake, added with 10, 20 and 30% of RS3-type resistant starch. RS3-type resistant starch was prepared from nonwaxy rice(Odaebyeo) starch by autoclaving-cooling cycle. The RS yield of RS3-type resistant starch was 9.10%. By increasing the addition level of RS3-type resistant starch, the hardness and adhesiveness of Injulmi increased as measured by using a rheometer. Hunter color L and a values of Injulmi added with RS3-type resistant starch were increased, but b value was decreased. In case of sensory evaluation, the hardness of Injulmi added with RS3-type resistant starch was higher than that of non-added Injulmi. The overall duality of Injulmi added with RS3-type resistant starch by sensory evaluation was negatively correlated with the hardness measured by rheometer(p＜.0.05).