• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2007

A simple and efficient protocol was developed for culturing Cu-tolerant and Cu-accumulating plants via pre-adaptation to Cu during plant tissue culture. We induced multiple shoots from begonia (Begonia evansiana Andr.) leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with naphtaieneacetic acid and benzyladenine. After 3 months, small plantlets were transferred to MS medium supplemented with $100{\mu}M\;CuCl_2$ for pre-adaptation to Cu and cultured for 5 months. Then, these plantlets were individually planted in pots containing artificial soil. An additional 500 mg of Cu dissolved in 1/4 strength MS solution was applied to each pot during irrigation over the course of 2 months. We planted pre-adapted and control begonias in soil from the II-Kwang Mine, an abandoned Cu mine in Pusan, Korea, to examine their ability to tolerate and accumulate Cu for phytore-mediation. Pre-adapted begonias accumulated $1,200{\mu}g$ Cu/g dry root tissue over the course of 45 days. On the other hand, non-Cu-adapted controls accumulated only $85{\mu}g$ Cu/g dry root tissue. To enhance Cu extraction, chelating agents, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-dipotassiun and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDA), were applied. While the chelating agents did not enhance accumulation of Cu in the roots of control begonias, EDTA application increased the level of Cu in the roots of pre-adapted begonias twofold (to $2,500{\mu}g$ Cu/g dry root tissue). Because pre-adapted begonias accumulated a large amount of Cu, mainly in their roots, they could be used for phytostabilization of Cu-contaminated soils. In addition, as a flowering plant, begonias can be used to create aesthetically pleasing remediation sites.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 국내 최대의 부존자원인 생미강을 우리 전통 떡류 제조의 기능성 소재로 활용하기 위한 것으로 생미강을 효율적으로 활용하기 위하여 쌀가루에 생미강을 일정비율로 첨가하여 가래떡을 제조하는데 적정 첨가 비율과 제조조건을 제시하기 위해 기계적 관능적 품질특성을 측정하였다. 전반적인 기호도(Overall acceptability)에서는 생미강 첨가율이 20%>10%>40%>30% 순로 기호도가 좋은 것으로 측정되었다. 본 연구를 통해 생미강을 기능성 소재로 이용한 새로운 떡류의 소재로 발전될 것이다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.283-291
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• 1997

In vitro development of bovine embryos is affected by many factors such as energy substrates, amino acids, and some growth factors. It has been reported that mRNA of insulin, PDGF and their receptors are detected in cow embryos, and that some chelating agents such as EDTA and transferrin have beneficial role on mouse and bovine embryos. The author hypothesized that insulin, transferrin arid PDGF added to a culture medium increase in vitro development of bovine embryos by chelating toxic substance(s) or increasing cell growth and metabolism. Immature oocytes from slaughtered ovaries of Holstein cows and heifers were matured for 24 hours in a TCM199 containing 10% fetal calf serum, FSH, LH and estradiol with granulosa cells in vitro. Matured oocytes were coincubated with sperm for 30 hours in a modified Tyrode's medium (IVF). Embryos cleaved to 2- to 4-cell at 30 hours after IVF were selected and cultured in a 30-$\mu$l drop of a synthetic oviduct fluid medium (SOFM) containing 0.8% BSA, Minimum Essential Medium essential and non-essential amino acids, and insulin, transferrin or PDGF for 9 days. Supplementation of a SOFM with insulin, and /or transferrin did not increase develop-mental rate to expanding and hatching blastocyst of 2- to 4-cell bovine embryos compared with control. The highest developmental rate to hatching blastocyst was shown when PDGF was added at the concentration of 10 ng /ml among the supplementing doses tested in the present study (p<0.05). Addition of PDGF without insulin to a SOFM could not increase embrye development, but combined addition of PDGF with insulin significantly increased (p<0.05) embryo development to hatching blastocyst (50%) compared with control (38%). In conclusion, insulin and PDGF supplemented to a SOFM may act synergistically and have beneficial effect on in vitro development of 2- to 4-cell bovine embryos matured and fertilized in vitro.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of morphology of oocytes, kinds of media, cysteine and myo-inositol supplementation on IVM rate of porcine oocytes. Cumulus- enclosed oocytes were incubated in maturation NCSU-23 and TCM-199 medium with supplementation with 3, 5, 10, 20 mM myo-inositol and 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mM cysteine. 1. When classified by morphology, excellent, good and fair of cumulus-enclosed oocytes were incubated for 48 hrs and the IVM rate were $14.2{\pm}3.7%{\sim}58.7{\pm}4.0%$, respectively. The rate were greater in oocytes with excellent cumulus cells than those without cumulus cells. 2. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in TCM-199 and NCSU- 23 medium supplementation or non-supplementation with 1.0 mM myo-inositol were $7.5{\pm}4.5%,\;45.0{\pm}4.8%\;and\;4.4%,\;42.5{\pm}4.2%,\;18.0{\pm}5.2%$, respectively. Supplementation with myo-inositol significantly increased the IVM rate of oocytes. 3. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplementation of 3, 5, 10, 20 mM myo-inositol for 48 hrs were $47.5{\pm}4.5%,\;57.5{\pm}4.2%,\;62.5{\pm}4.9%,\;50.0{\pm}5.2%$, respectively. The IVM rate of oocytes in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 10 mM myo-inositol were significantly increased compared to control ($42.5{\pm}4.0%$). 4. The IVM rate of oocytes cultured for 48 hrs in NCSU-23 media supplement with 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mM myo-inositol were $50.0{\pm}4.5%,\;62.5{\pm}4.2%,\;52.5{\pm}4.9%,\;45.0{\pm}4.2%$, respectively. The IVM rate of oocytes in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 10 mM cysteine were significantly increased compared to control ($42.5{\pm}4.0%$).

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1991

본 試驗은 caffeine을 함유한 人工 培養液에서 培養한 牛精巢上體 精子의 形態的 變化를 透過 電子顯微鏡으로 관찰하였다. 電子顯微鏡에서 관찰한 결과 채취 직후의 無培養 精子는 대부분(79.8%)에서 구조상의 變化없이 원형 그대로의 原形質膜을 유지하고 있었으나 5 mM의 caffeine을 함유한 BO培養液에 3시간 培養한 精子는 尖體의 구조상 4가지 形態로 분류되었다. 즉 無反應, 胞狀化, 尖體離脫 및 退行으로서 각각 29.4%, 45.6%, 17.8% 및 7.2%였다. 이러한 결과는 精子膜의 胞狀化가 정상적인 尖體反應이며 尖體離脫 精子는 死滅精子라는 것과 caffeine이 牛精巢上體 精子의 尖體反應을 誘起시킬 수 있다는 것을 示唆하고 있다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.277-280
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• 1994

생장점배양하여 얻어진 소수의 식물체를 기내 재배양하여 건전 우량마늘을 대량으로 증식시킬 수 있었다. MS 기본배지에 서당 8%, NAA 0.1 mg.L 첨가된 배지에 지엽을 뚫고 나온 직후의 주아 생장점을 5월 중순에 치상하면 shoot의 형성 없이 기내인경이 직접 형성되어 배양 기간 및 노력을 절약할 수 있었다. 또한 총포 내의 미숙주아 및 receptacle을 6월 상순경에 0.1 mg/L NAA+2mg/L BA 혹은 1 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L BA가 첨가된 MS 기본배지에 배양하면 multiple shoot가 유도되었다. 특히 여러 화기 재료중 receptacle에서 평균 5.8개의 shoot가 분화되어 1개의 총포 내에서 50개 이상 분화되었다. 따라서 총포배양에 의한 식물체 생산은 우량마늘의 대량번식 체계의 한 수단으로 이용할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2019

This research was motivated by our encounter with the situation where an optimization was done based on statistically non-significant models having poor fits. Such a situation took place in a research to optimize manufacturing conditions for improving storage stability of coffee-supplemented milk beverage by using response surface methodology, where two responses are $Y_1$=particle size and $Y_2$=zeta-potential, two factors are $F_1$=speed of primary homogenization (rpm) and $F_2$=concentration of emulsifier (%), and the optimization objective is to simultaneously minimize $Y_1$ and maximize $Y_2$. For response surface analysis, practically, the second-order polynomial model is almost solely used. But, there exists the cases in which the second-order model fails to provide a good fit, to which remedies are seldom known to researchers. Thus, as an alternative to a failed second-order model, we present the heterogeneous third-order model, which can be used when the experimental plan is a two-factor central composite design having -1, 0, and 1 as the coded levels of factors. And, for multi-response optimization, we suggest a modified desirability function technique. Using these two methods, we have obtained statistical models with improved fits and multi-response optimization results with the predictions better than those in the previous research. Our predicted optimum combination of conditions is ($F_1$, $F_2$)=(5,000, 0.295), which is different from the previous combination. This research is expected to help improve the quality of response surface analysis in experimental sciences including food science of animal resources.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1365-1374
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of exogenous multienzyme and phytase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood metabolites, intestinal microflora, and morphology in broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diets. Methods: A 2×2 factorial design was used in this study. Four dietary treatments consisted of i) basal diets (corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets without multi-enzyme and phytase), ii) basal diets with phytase (0.05%), iii) basal diets with exogenous multi-enzyme (0.05%), and iv) basal diets with exogenous multi-enzyme including phytase (0.05%). A total of 480 broiler chickens (Ross 308 - one day old) were weighed and allotted to thirty-two cages (15 birds per cage), and chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments. Results: The body weight gain and feed conversion rate were improved by supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase during the finisher period (p<0.05). The birds fed diets with exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase had a significantly greater digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus compared with birds fed non-supplemented diets (p<0.05). The chickens fed diets with exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase showed a higher concentration of Ca and P in the serum (p<0.05). The population of Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and Clostridium were not affected in the ileum and cecum of chickens fed enzyme-supplemented diets. The dietary supplemental exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase showed a significant improvement in villus height, crypt depth, and villus height and crypt depth ratio, compared to basal diets or dietary supplemental phytase (p<0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of the exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase synergistically improved the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and villus height of the small intestine of broiler chickens fed a corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2024

Background: Typical difficulties encountered during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to produce embryos in pigs include poor pronucleus formation and poor-quality fertilized embryos because of high polysperm invasion. In this study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with apple seed extract (ASE) and coculture systems on porcine in vitro-fertilized embryo culture. Methods: Slaughterhouse-derived ovaries were used to obtain cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). COCs were conventionally used to perform IVF. We examined the differences in apoptosis and metabolism during development following addition of ASE to normal culture and coculture systems. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cell development-related factors, and apoptotic proteins were compared in porcine embryos produced under different conditions. Results: The expression of genes related to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling was increased in the coculture system. In the ASE group, early apoptosis and necrosis were reduced in fertilized embryos and the late survival rate increased. Supplementation of the coculture system with ASE led to increased expression of BCL-2 and decreased expression of Casp-3 in the cytoplasm, thereby lowering the apoptosis rate and inducing MMP expression. In addition, compared with the extract-supplemented group in normal culture, the activity of MMP-2 decreased in the coculture system supplemented with ASE, activity of MMP-9 increased, and the expression of dynactin p62 and BrdU in the cytoplasm was higher than that in the other groups. Conclusions: The coculture system increased the activity of the embryonic cytoplasm compared with the non-coculture system. Supplementation with ASE may induce cell activity and inhibit the expression of apoptotic factors.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.448-453
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• 1997

Protoplast fusion between isoleucine-, argihine- and thymidine-requiring auxotroph $(Ile^{-}, Arg^{-}, Thy^{-})$ of Lentinula edodes and arginine-requiring auxotroph $(Arg^-)$ of Coriolus versicolor has been achieved using 30% polyethylene glycol (M.W.4000) in 10 mM $CaCl_2$-glycine solution (pH 8.0). Fusion hybrids were selected in the 0.6 M sucrose supplemented minimal media on the basis of nutritional complementation with fusion frequency of $7.4{\times}10{-6}$ The hybrids included both parental and non-parental types in colony morphology, growth rate and isozyme patterns. We succeeded inter-order protoplast fusion between the auxotrophs of Lentinula edodes and Coriolus versicolor overcoming the natural barriers of incompatibility. We examined the characteristics of the hybrids and clarified the fusion rocess using electron microscopy.