• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.160-165
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• 1997

Structural boundary condition is very important as a part of a structural system because it determines the dynamic characteristics of the structure. It is often to experience that experimental measurements of structural dynamic characteristics are somewhat different from the analytical predictions in which idealized boundary conditions are usually assumed. However, real structural boundary conditions are not so ideal; not perfectly clamped, for instance. Thus this paper introduces a new method to determine the non-ideal structural boundary conditions in the frequency domain. In this method, structural boundary conditions are modeled by both extensional (vertical) and torsional elastic springs. The effective springs are then determined from experimental FRFs (frequency response functions) by using the spectral element method (SEM). For a cantilevered beam experiments are conducted to determine the real boundary conditions in terms of effective springs. Dynamic characteristics (analytically predicted) based on identified boundary conditions are found to be much closer to experimental measurements when compared with those based on ideal boundary conditions.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 1997

A finite element method is programmed to analyse the nonlinear behavior of axisymmetric structures. The lst order Mindlin shell theory which takes into account the transversal shear deformation is used to formulate a conical two node element with six degrees of freedom. To evade the shear locking phenomenon which arises in Mindlin type element when the effect of shear deformation tends to zero, the reduced integration of one point Gauss Quadrature at the center of element is employed. This method is the Updated Lagrangian formulation which refers the variables to the state of the most recent iteration. The solution is searched by Newton-Raphson iteration method. The tangent matrix of this method is obtained by a finite difference method by perturbating the degrees of freedom with small values. For the moment this program is limited to the analyses of non-linear elastic problems. For structures which could have elastic stability problem, the calculation is controled by displacement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.391-404
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• 2003

Local reinforcement in dowel type timber joints is essential to improve ductility, to increase load carrying capacity and to reduce the risk of brittle failure, especially in the case of using solid dowel. In many types of reinforcing materials available today, DVW (densified veneer wood) has been demonstrated to be the most advantages in terms of compatibility, embedding performance and ductility. Preliminary studies show that using appropriately sized DVW discs bonded into the timber interfaces may be an effective way to reinforce the connection. In this paper, non-linear 3-dimensional finite element models, incorporating orthotropic and non-linear material behaviour, have been developed to simulate structural performance of the timber joints locally reinforced by DVW discs. Different contact algorithms were applied to simulate contact conditions in the joints. The models were validated by the corresponding structural tests. Correlation between the experimental results and the finite element simulations is reasonably good. Using validated finite element models, parametric studies were undertaken to investigate effects of the DVW disc sizes and the end distances on shear stresses and normal stresses in a possible failure plane in the joint.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2007

In this paper, the equations of the scaled boundary finite element method are derived for non-homogeneous half plane and analyzed numerically In the scaled boundary finite element method, partial differential equations are weaken in the circumferential direction by approximation scheme such as the finite element method, and the radial direction of equations remain in analytical form. The scaled boundary equations of non-homogeneous half plane, its elastic modulus varies as power function, are newly derived by the virtual work theory. It is shown that the governing equation of this problem is the Euler-Cauchy equation, therefore, the logarithm mode used in the half plane problem is not valid in this problem. Two numerical examples are analysed for the verification and the feasibility.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.3-17
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• 2003

This paper deals with the problems and their possible solutions in the development of finite element for analysis of shell. Based on these solution schemes, a series of flat shell elements are established which show no signs of membrane locking and other defects even though the coarse meshes are used. In the element formulation, non-conforming displacement modes are extensively used for improvement of element behaviors. A number of numerical tests are performed to prove the validity of the solutions to the problems involved in establishing a series of high performance flat shell elements. The test results reveal among others that the high accuracy and fast convergence characteristics of the elements are obtainable by the use of various non-conforming modes and that the ‘Direct Modification Method’ is a very useful tool for non-conforming elements to pass the patch tests. Furthermore, hierarchical and higher order non-conforming modes are proved to be very efficient not only to make an element insensitive to the mesh distortion but also to remove the membrane locking. Some numerical examples are solved to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the presented elements to practical engineering shell problems.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2010

This is a leading study to replace the structural analysis methodology on the specific traditional joint by a numerical analysis. Tests were carried out to test the compressive methodologies with the numerical results. The Japanese larch was used as a sample. The Orthotropic property of wood was specifically considered for the finite element numerical analysis. Linear numerical analysis and non-linear numerical analysis for the BEAM element and the two SOLID elements of ANSYS were used to analyze the compressive performance. In addition, more finely divided elements were used to raise the accuracy of the numerical result. Finally, the statistically significant differences were tested between that of the analytical and numerical results. It could be concluded that the SOLID 64 element shows the most optimum result when the non-linear analysis with the more finely divided element was used. However, finely dividing of the element is a considerable time consuming process, and it is quite difficult to raise the accuracy of the non-linear numerical analysis. Therefore, if considering the vertical displacement to be of the only interest, the BEAM element is more efficient than the SOLID element because the BEAM element is reflected as a simple line, which is less time consuming and difficult in dividing the elements. But, the BEAM element cannot accurately model the knot as a strength defect factor which is an important property in the orthotropic property of wood. Therefore, the SOLID element should be used to model the strength defect factor, knot, as it can be efficiently applied on the structural size flexure member which could be more strongly effected by the knot. In addition, it is useful at times when the failure types of members are to be more closely investigated, as the SOLID element is able to examine the local stress distribution of the member. The conclusion drawn by this study is of the good concordance between analytical results and numerical results of compressive wood members, but how orthotropic properties should only be considered. The numerical analysis on the specific Korean traditional joints will be based on the current study results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.71 no.5
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• pp.545-552
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• 2019

The analysis and design of complex structures like sandwich-panel elements are difficult; the use of finite element method for the analysis is complicated and time consuming when non-linear effects are considered. On the other hand, artificial neural network (ANN) models can capture the non-linear effects and its application requires lesser computational demand. Two ANN models were trained, tested and validated to compute the force for a given displacement of a sandwich-type roof element; 2555 force and element deformation pairs were used for training the ANN models. For the models trained without considering the damping effect, there were two values in the input layer: maximum displacement and current displacement, and for the model considering damping, displacement from the previous step was used as an additional input. Totally, 400 ANN models were trained. Results show that there is a good agreement between the experimental and simulated data, and the models showed a good performance with a mean square error value of 4548.85. Both the ANN models could simulate the inelastic behaviour, loss of rigidity, and evolution of permanent displacements. The models could also interpolate and extrapolate, which enables them to be used as an analysis and design tool for such complex elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.50-56
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• 2012

Rotor system is a very important part which produce lift, thrust and control force in helicopter. Component of rotor system must have structural integrity for applied load. The estimation of structural integrity is regarded greatly as important in aerospace field. In this study, the process of structural analysis performed for bearingless main rotor system of helicopter. The composite flexbeam and torque tube of bearingless main rotor are very thick, so 3D layered soild elements of MSC.PATRAN were used to get the finite element analysis results. To estimate structural integrity, non-linear static analysis considering geometric non-linearity is performed. In addition, detailed finete element analysis and non-linear static analysis are performed to consider the stress concentration for fitting effect and contact surface. The estimation process of structural integrity for bearingless main rotor system of helicopter may help the design.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.514-519
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• 2006

This paper presents a new nonlinear analysis algorithm which uses the equivalent nodal load for the element stiffness. The equivalent nodal load represents the influence of the stiffness change such as the addition of elements, the deletion of elements, and/or the partial change of element stiffness. The nonlinear analysis of structures using the equivalent load improves the efficiency very much because the inverse of the structural stiffness matrix, which needs a large amount of computation to calculate, is reused in each loading step. In this paper, the concept of nonlinear analysis using the equivalent load for the element stiffness is described and some numerical examples are provided to verify it.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.347-371
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• 2011

This paper focuses on post-buckling analysis of Timoshenko beams with various boundary conditions subjected to a non-uniform thermal loading by using the total Lagrangian Timoshenko beam element approximation. Six types of support conditions for the beams are considered. The considered highly non-linear problem is solved by using incremental displacement-based finite element method in conjunction with Newton-Raphson iteration method. As far as the authors know, there is no study on the post-buckling analysis of Timoshenko beams under uniform and non-uniform thermal loading considering full geometric non-linearity investigated by using finite element method. The convergence studies are made and the obtained results are compared with the published results. In the study, the relationships between deflections, end rotational angles, end constraint forces, thermal buckling configuration, stress distributions through the thickness of the beams and temperature rising are illustrated in detail in post-buckling case.