• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7407-7411
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• 2014

The incidence of urban female breast cancer has been continuously increasing over the past decade with unknown etiology. One hypothesis for this increase is carcinogen exposure from tobacco. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the risk of urban female breast cancer from tobacco smoke exposure. The matched case control study was conducted among Thai females, aged 17-76 years and living in Bangkok or its surrounding areas. A total of 444 pairs of cases and controls were recruited from the Thai National Cancer Institute. Cases were newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed as breast cancer while controls were selected from healthy women who visited a patient, matched by age ${\pm}5$ years. After obtaining informed consent, tobacco smoke exposure data and information on other potential risk factors were collected by interview. The analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression, and presented with odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI). From all subjects, 3.8% of cases and 3.4% of controls were active smokers while 11.0% of cases and 6.1% of controls were passive smokers. The highest to lowest sources of passive tobacco smoke were from spouses (40.8%), the workplace (36.8%) and public areas (26.3%), respectively. After adjusting for other potential risk factors or confounders, females with frequent low-dose passive smoke exposure (${\leq}7$ hours per week) from a spouse or workplace had adjusted odds ratio 3.77 (95%CI=1.11-12.82) and 4.02 (95%CI=1.04-15.50) higher risk of breast cancer compared with non-smokers, respectively. However, this study did not find any association of breast cancer risk in high dose passive tobacco smoke exposure, or a dose response relationship in cumulative passive tobacco smoke exposure per week, or in the active smoker group. In conclusion, passive smoke exposure may be one important risk factor of urban female breast cancer, particularly, from a spouse or workplace. This risk factor highlights the importance of avoiding tobacco smoke exposure as a key measure for breast cancer prevention and control.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6971-6978
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• 2013

Background: Smoking among adolescents has been linked to a variety of adverse and long term health consequences. "Susceptibility to smoking" or the lack of cognitive commitment to abstain from smoking is an important predictor of adolescent smoking. In 2008, we conducted a study to determine the psycho-sociological factors associated with susceptibility to smoking among secondary school students in the district of Kota Tinggi, Johor. Materials and Methods: Two thousand seven hundred students were randomly selected by proportional stratified sampling. Analyses on 1,736 non-smoking students revealed that prevalence of adolescents susceptible to smoking was 16.3%. Results: Male gender (aOR=2.05, 95%CI= 1.23-3.39), poor academic achievement (aOR 1.60, 95%CI 1.05-2.44), ever-smoker (aOR 2.17, 95%CI 1.37-3.44) and having a smoking friend (aOR 1.76, 95%CI 1.10-2.83) were associated with susceptibility to smoking, while having the perception that smoking prohibition in school was strictly enforced (aOR 0.55, 95%CI 0.32-0.94), and had never seen friends smoking in a school compound (aOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.37-0.96) were considered protective factors Conclusions: These results indicate that follow-up programmes need to capitalise on the modifiable factors related to susceptibility to smoking by getting all stakeholders to be actively involved to stamp out smoking initiation among adolescents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2015

Background: Oral health professionals are responsible in Iran for providing a brief tobacco cessation program to smoker patients. The aim of this study was to assess Iranian dental student and dentist practice, knowledge and attitudes toward smoking cessation programs. Materials and Methods: A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to 150 dentists working in Isfahan-Iran and 60 dental students. Some questions were developed based on the expected 5A tobacco cessation protocol. Statements on attitudes focused on professional responsibility towards smoking cessation and its effectiveness. Chi-square, ANOVA, and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The cessation program in dental settings covers a small group of patients (18%). Some 69.1% (n=96) of dentists reported asking their patients about tobacco use, 64% (n=83) advising their patients to quit, 33.8% (n=47) assessing their patients willingness to quit and 20% (n=28) reported helping their patients in changing their behavior. A far lower percentage reported active involvement in arranging assistance for smokers to quit (4.3%, n=5). Some 22% of students and 26% of dentists disagreed that the tobacco cessation programs should be as part of dentists' professional responsibility and 70% of them were willing to follow the protocol of tobacco cessation for patients. Conclusions: Iranian dentist performance regarding tobacco cessation is weak. Dentists and students indicated their lack of knowledge as the major reason for non-adherence to the protocol. Therefore, planning to encourage dentist to follow the protocol needs continuous educational programs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.477-481
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• 2017

We report a case of a 51 years old female with a 25 pack year smoking history who underwent bilateral mastectomy and immediate tissue expander reconstruction for newly diagnosed right breast cancer. The patient reported herself as a non-smoker despite significant e-cigarette use, with resulting significant mastectomy skin flap necrosis and breast reconstruction failure. Little is known about the physiologic effect of e-cigarettes on wound healing and tissue perfusion. To this end, we provide an updated review of the impact of e-cigarettes on surgical outcomes. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and PRS GO were searched for the terms "e-cigarette", "electronic cigarette", "e-cig", "electronic nicotine delivery system", "vaping", "surgery", "surgical", "peri-operative", "operate", "operative", and "wound healing". Abstract review of all articles was performed. 123 articles returned that contained both variants of e-cigarettes and surgery as keywords. Of those, manual assessment returned three articles which were found to be relevant to e-cigarette use in the surgical patient. No articles were found that compared perioperative complications in e-cigarette versus traditional cigarette users in humans. In conclusion, our case report depicts the potential dangers associated with e-cigarette use in the surgical patient. There is a public misconception that e-cigarettes are healthier than traditional cigarettes and as such their use may go unreported by patients. Early evidence suggests e-cigarettes may induce some of the same physiologic changes as traditional cigarettes, and may have a significant deleterious effect on wound healing.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2004

We estimated decreasing rate of indoor air pollutants which are PM10 and $NO_2$ by the air cleaner in indoor environment. This study respectively examined concentration of PM10 and $NO_2$ two times in 34 sites located in Seoul and Kyung-gi Do from April to September in 2003. Sectional period was respectively divided for operating the air cleaner and non-operating the air cleaner. Moreover, questionnaire was executed to grasp physical characteristic of objective building and residential characteristic of residents by using method of self-entry. There was a trend that concentration of PM10 and $NO_2$ separated number of residents during operating period respectively decreased among indoor air. According to the existence of smoker in indoor, both concentration of PM10 and $NO_2$ during operating period decreased in each case, and according to existence of pets, both cases decreased concentration of pollutants by operating the air cleaner. We used Monte-Calro simulation to remove uncertainty and identify efficiency of eliminated pollutants such as PM10 and $NO_2$ by the air cleaner. Average efficiency of removal for PM10 and $NO_2$ were 61.84${\pm}$23.04% and 48.67${\pm}$18.03% respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed using a longitudinal approach to explore the predictors for current smoking among male high school students. Methods : Baseline data was collected in May 2004 through a self-administrated questionnaire completed by 607 male students in a technical high school in Daegu city, Korea. Subsequently, their smoking behaviors were followed one year after. Among the 544 followed participants, data for 439 non-smokers in the first year was used in longitudinal analysis. Current smokers were defined as those respondents who had smoked one or more cigarettes within the 30 days preceding the survey. Several potential predictors for smoking were investigated including smoking history(never, experimental, former smoker), sociodemographic factors, environmental factors, attitudes toward smoking, and behavioral factors. Logistic regression was used to predict smoking with SPSS ver. 12.0. Results : According to multiple logistic regression analysis, those students who were more likely to smoke after one year were former smokers(OR: 2.12, 95% CI=1.01-4.44), current drinkers(OR: 2.55, 95% CI=1.33-4.89), who had four or five smokers among five best friends(OR: 3.43. 95% CI=1.14-10.30). In addition, those who had smokers among family members besides parents or siblings(OR: 1.66, 95% CI=0.92-2.98), exhibited a high level of subjective stress(OR: 1.77, 95% CI=0.96-3.26), or had a very good relationship with friends(OR: 1.93, 95% CI=0.99-3.75) were also more likely to smoke albeit with marginal statistical significance(p<0.1). Conclusions : A smoking prevention program aimed at high school students may be more effective with due consideration of the predictors highlighted in this study. However, further studies with larger sample size and various target populations are necessary to find potential predictors not found in this study but suggested in other longitudinal studies.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2021

Objectives: Horse trainers ensure the horses they are training and monitor horse's health, hygiene. While most of the studies on horse trainer's health focused on musculoskeletal disorders, few studies have examined the health effect of occupational exposure. This study aimed to investigate the risk of lung cancer in Korean Horse trainers. Methods: Among the largest health screening program of health screening service of the National Health Insurance Corporation, 2,246 workers were selected for study. We utilized data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) National Cohort Data Base 2005-2017. We performed analyses using a Cox's proportional hazards model to identify the risk of lung cancer in Horse trainers. Results: This study found that the horse trainers group had a higher risk of lung cancer 10.07 (95% CI :2.38-42.64) compared to other occupational group. Additionally, there was 6.5 times higher risk of lung cancer in non-smoker horse trainers group. Conclusions: We, thus, verified horse trainers could have relation with increase of lung cancer risk. As lung cancer is known as a cancer with a high contribution of occupational factors compared to other cancers, it is necessary to determine the efficacy of continuous attention and active management of occupational exposure.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2022

Background: Although insomnia and constipation are highly prevalent worldwide, studies examining a possible association between them are lacking. We examined the relationship between insomnia and constipation in shift workers who have a high prevalence of insomnia and other diseases. Methods: This study had a multicenter cross-sectional design and conducted using health examination data including self-reported questionnaires. In total, 12,879 and 4,650 shift workers were enrolled in Severance Hospital and Wonju Severance Hospital, respectively, during 2015-2017. Multivariate logistic regression models and subgroup analysis were performed in each center with the same protocol, using a common data model. Results: The mean age of the total population was 44.35 (standard deviation = 8.75); the proportion of males was 56.9%. Female sex, being underweight and non-smoker were strongly associated with an increased risk of constipation symptom (p < 0.001). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using ORs of both centers with weights; there was a significant dose-response relationship (sub-threshold 1.76 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-1.91]; moderate 2.28 [95% CI 2.01-2.60]; severe 4.15 [95% CI 3.18-5.41] in the final model, p for trend < 0.001). Subgroup analysis performed by stratifying sex and pooled ORs showed a similar trend to that of the entire group. Conclusion: We observed a strong correlation between insomnia and constipation in this population. Our findings may help in formulating guidelines and policies to improve quality of life in shift workers through the management of sleep quality and proper bowel function. This study is the first to report this relationship among people working in shifts.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

Objectives: This study used the 2018 Korea Health Panel Survey data to analyze factors affecting employment status and income relating to unmet dental and medical care needs. Additionally it investigated measures to reduce oral health inequality among various socioeconomic classes. Methods: Descriptive statistics for the subjects' unmet dental and medical care needs were calculated through chi-square test analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors affecting the unmet dental and medical care needs. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated for each level. These data were analyzed using STATA 17.0 SE (64-bit) version, and the statistical significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: As a result of unmet dental and medical care needs according to general characteristics, the lower the education level (p<0.001), the higher the age (p<0.001) and the lower the household equalization income (p<0.024) and the smoker status (p<0.003) were, respectively. Factors that have a statistically significant impact on unmet dental and medical care needs were divorce, separation and bereavement (p<0.001) in individuals than in married persons, and being smokers than non-smokers (p<0.009). The frequency of unmet dental and medical care needs were found to be lower in the cases of a high school graduate than an elementary school graduate (p<0.018), and of higher household equalization income (p<0.001) than the lowest household equalization income, respectively. Conclusions: It was found that various factors such as age, education level, household equalization income, employment status, type of working hours type, and smoking status affect unmet dental and medical care needs.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2023

본 논문은 인공지능 기술을 활용하여 영상에서 흡연 행위를 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 흡연은 정적 현상이 아니라 행위에 해당하기 때문에 객체 탐지 기술에 행위를 탐지할 수 있는 자세 추정 기술을 접목하였다. 이미지에서 흡연자를 검출하기 위하여 흡연자 검출 학습 모델을 개발하였으며, 영상에서 흡연행위를 검출하기 위하여 흡연행위의 특성을 자세 추정 기술에 적용하였다. 객체 탐지를 위하여 YOLOv8을 사용하였으며, 자세 추정을 위하여 OpenPose를 이용하였다. 또한, 영상에 흡연자 및 비흡연자가 포함되어 있는 경우 사람들만 분리하는 방법도 적용하였다. 제안된 방법은 파이선으로 Google Colab NVIDEA Tesla T4 GPU를 사용구현 하였고, 테스트 결과 주어진 영상에서 흡연 행위를 완벽하게 검출함을 알 수 있었다.