• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.30-35
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of aerobic exercise through convergence on exhaled carbon monoxide and cardiorespiratory function of female college students who participated in nonsmoking. The subjects were female college students from University D in Metropolitan City D, and those who started smoking 2 years ago and who do not engage in regular physical activities were first selected, and a total of 18 people who indicated their intention to participate in the experiment were selected to receive a pledge of nonsmoking and consent to the experiment. The selected subjects were classified into 9 people in the exercise group and 9 in the control group by wireless assignment, and individual exercise intensity was set through the maximum exercise load test to establish an accurate exercise program. Individual exercise intensity is set to 50%HRmax for 1-3 weeks, 60%HRmax for 4-6 weeks, 70%HRmax for 7-9 weeks. In order to apply the correct exercise intensity during exercise, a Polar heart rate monitor was used for control and the following results were obtained. First, the change in carbon monoxide decreased by three levels from 21.17±3.67ppm (Red 2 16-25ppm, habitual smokers) before participation in the exercise group that participated in aerobic exercise for 9 weeks to 1.36±0.76ppm (Green, 0-6ppm, non-smokers) after participation, and the control group also showed the same effect from 22.35±2.08ppm (Red 2 16-25ppm, habitual smokers) to 2.81±0.51ppm (Green, 0-6ppm, non-smokers). Second, the change in cardiorespiratory function showed a significant increase in all of the maximum oxygen intake, maximum heart rate, and maximum ventilation in the exercise group who participated in aerobic exercise for 9 weeks, but there was no significant change in the control group. Therefore, aerobic exercise showed the effect of improving the cardiorespiratory function by releasing carbon monoxide and supplying sufficient oxygen to various organs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1210-1217
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• 2021

Two gram-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, and white colony-forming bacteria, strains H242^T and B156^T, were isolated from soil in South Korea. Cells of strain H242^T were oxidase-positive and non-motile short rods, while those of strain B156^T were oxidase-negative and long non-motile rods. Ubiquinone-8 was identified as the sole isoprenoid quinone in both strains. C_16:0, cyclo-C_17:0, andsummed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c) and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol were identified in both strains as the major cellular fatty acids and polar lipids, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strains H242^T and B156^T were 69.4 mol% and 69.3 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and 92 concatenated core gene sequences revealed that strains H242^T and B156^T formed distinct phylogenic lineages from other Ramlibacter type strains. The DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) value between strains H242^T and B156^T was 24.6%. Strains H242^T and B156^T were most closely related to Ramlibacter ginsenosidimutans BXN5-27^T and Ramlibacter monticola G-3-2^T with 98.4% and 98.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. Digital DDH values between strain H242^T and R. ginsenosidimutans and between strain B156^T and R. monticola were 23.5% and 26.1%, respectively. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular analyses indicated that strains H242^T and B156^T represent two novel species of the genus Ramlibacter, for which the names Ramlibacter terrae sp. nov. and Ramlibacter montanisoli sp. nov., respectively, are proposed. The type strains of R. terrae and R. montanisoli are H242^T (=KACC 21667^T=JCM 33922^T) and B156^T (=KACC 21665^T=JCM 33920^T), respectively.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.297-310
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• 2022

To understand the chemical composition of aerosols in the Cheju-Korea Straits and their contribution to the ocean by deposition, aerosol samples were collected on board R/V Eardo from November 1997 to May 1999. The average concentrations of Al, NO₃^-, non-sea-salt (nss)-SO₄^2-, and NH₄⁺ in aerosols were 2.19, 5.59, 6.16 and 2.08 ㎍ m^-3, respectively. The Al concentration in the high yellow dust period was about 100 times higher than that in the non-yellow dust period. The concentration ratio of NO₃^-/nss-SO₄^2- ranged between 0.47 and 1.5, indicating that the aerosols in the Cheju-Korea Straits are under the effects of NO_x and SO_x emitted from China, Korea and Japan. The equivalent concentration ratio of [NH₄⁺]/[nss-SO₄^2-+ NO₃^-] with the average of 0.58±0.29 indicates that nss-SO₄^2- and NO₃^- are not neutralized by NH₄⁺. A high activity concentration of ²¹⁰Pb with 1.13-1.23 mBq m^-3 was observed during the high yellow dust period, indicating that ²¹⁰Pb is easily adsorbed in the yellow dust originating from the continent of Asia. The distribution of ⁷Be and NH₄⁺ concentrations showed a strong negative linear correlation during the low yellow dust period, April 1998. The total mineral dust flux in the Cheju-Korea Straits was estimated to be 1.21×10⁶ tons yr^-1, accounting for about 12% of the annual sediment discharge via the Nakdong River. The combined annual deposition of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- was 0.103 mole N m^-2 yr^-1 was estimated to support 4% of the annual primary productivity in the East China Sea.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.433-440
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• 2021

Surfactants are organic compounds that have both hydrophilic and non-polar parts in one molecule, classified as non-ion, anion, cation, and amphoteric surfactants according to the charge of hydrophilic parts in aqueous state. A trace amounts may remain when vegetables and fruits are washed using type1 detergent (Vegetable and fruit detergent), and there is a possibility of exposure to the human body through ingestion. This study developed the simultaneous analysis method for 5 surfactants with LC-MS/MS for analysis of detergent residues after washing vegetables and fruits with detergent. The mobile phase used distilled water and acetonitrile containing 50 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid and was analyzed using a gradient method using XBridge BEH C8 column. The accuracy of the established method was 83.9-112.1%, and the precision was less than 20%. The detection limit was 7.0 (SLS) to 29.0 (SLES-N3) ㎍/L, and the correlation coefficient (r²) of calibration line regression was greater than 0.99, it is considered suitable for the analysis of trace amounts of surfactant components remaining in vegetables and fruits.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of intracytoplasmic injection of $Ca^{2＋}$ and human sperm extract on the parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mouse oocytes were injected with 10 pl of PBS medium containing 0, 1.7 and 5 mM calcium concentrations, respectively. Activation rate of the oocytes with formation of pronuc1ei and extrusion of the second polar bodies was 14.5, 9.8 and 14.9% at the above calcium concentrations, respectively. There were no significant differences in the activation rates among the calcium concentrations. 2. The mouse oocytes were injected with 10 pl of non-heated human sperm extract, and cultured for 12~15 h in the PBS media with the 0, 1.7 and 5 mM calcium concentrations, respectively. Activation rate(51.8%) of the oocytes at the 1.7 mM calcium concentration was significantly higher than those at the 0 and 5 mM calcium concentrations. 3. The mouse oocytes were injected with 10 pl of heated human sperm extract, and cultured for 12~15 h in the PBS media with the 0, 1. 7 and 5 mM calcium concentrations, respectively. No significant differences were found in the activation rates (11.8~17.0%) among the calcium concentrations. 4. The mouse oocytes were injected with 10 pl of PBS medium, non-heated sperm extract and heated sperm extract, and cultured for 12~15 h in the PBS media with 1.7 mM calcium concentrations, respectively. Activation rate (54.5%) of the oocytes injected with the non-heated sperm extract was highest. There were significant differences in the activation rates among the above injection materials (P＜0.05). 5. The mouse oocytes were injected with 10 pl of 1 and 6 days old non-heated sperm extracts, and cultured for 12＜15 h in the PBS media with 1.7 mM calcium concentrations, respectively. Activation rate(60.0%) of the oocytes injected with 1 days old sperm extract was significantly higher than that (11.1%) injected with 6 days old sperm extract. The results obtained in this study suggest that non-heated human sperm extract may contain sperm-associated oocyte-activating factor such as oscillin.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.104-116
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: This experiment was conducted to establish a simultaneous analysis method for 7 kinds of herbicides in 3 different classes having similar physicochemical property as diphenyl ether(bifenox and oxyfluorfen), dinitroaniline (ethalfluralin and trifluralin), and chloroacetamide (metolachlor, pretilachlor, and thenylchlor) in crops using GC-ECD/MS. METHODS AND RESULTS: All the 7 pesticide residues were extracted with acetone from representative samples of five raw products which comprised apple, green pepper, Kimchi cabbage, hulled rice and soybean. The extract was diluted with saline water and directly partitioned into n-hexane/dichloromethane(80/20, v/v) to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. For the hulled rice and soybean samples, n-hexane/acetonitrile partition was additionally employed to remove non-polar lipids. The extract was finally purified by optimized Florisil column chromatography. The analytes were separated and quantitated by GLC with ECD using a DB-1 capillary column. Accuracy and precision of the proposed method was validated by the recovery experiment on every crop samples fortified with bifenox, ethalfluralin, metolachlor, oxyfluorfen, pretilachlor, thenylchlor, and trifluralin at 3 concentration levels per crop in each triplication. CONCLUSION: Mean recoveries of the 7 pesticide residues ranged from 75.7 to 114.8% in five representative agricultural commodities. The coefficients of variation were all less than 10%, irrespective of sample types and fortification levels. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the analytes were 0.004 (etahlfluralin and trifluralin), 0.008 (metolachlor and pretilachlor), 0.006 (thenylchlor), 0.002 (oxyfluorfen), and 0.02 (bifenox) mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory technique using GC/MS with selected-ion monitoring was also provided to clearly identify the suspected residues. Therefore, this analytical method was reproducible and sensitive enough to determine the residues of bifenox, ethalfluralin, metolachlor, oxyfluorfen, pretilachlor, thenylchlor, and trifluralin in agricultural commodities.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.246-251
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• 2005

Purpose: There has been many reports for the effect of attenuation correction on myocardial perfusion SPECT. We studied the effect of attenuation correction with CT (computed tomography) in patients with normal coronary angiography. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with normal coronary artery on angiography and low likelihood of coronary artery disease were enrolled in this study (male: 6, female: 9, mean age: $58{\pm}8$ year). Myocardial perfusion SPECT was done with Millennium VG with Hawkeye device (GE, SPECT/CT camera). A visual analysis and polar map quantification (Emory tool box) was performed. In quantitative analysis, percent uptake of each myocardial wall on polar map (percent of maximal uptake) was compared between non-corrected (NC) and corrected (AC) images. Results: Visual analysis showed AC images led to an increase of uptake in the inferior wall, but decrease of uptake in the anterior wall, apex and septum. liver activity is also increased in AC images. In quantitative analysis, the percent uptake is decreased in the anterior wall, apex and septum, but increased in the inferior wall. It is helpful to interpret the images in the inferior wall after AC, but difficult in the apex and anterior wall after AC. Conclusion: AC is helpful in the inferior wall. But in the apex or anterior wall, AC must be carefully applied to normal perfused myocardium.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.446-452
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• 1986

This paper presents the composition of neutral and polar lipids obtained from puple shell, Rapana venosa and the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The fatty acid composition and the classification of neutral lipids from two species were determined by gas chromatography (GLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Total lipid contents of samples were $0.5\%$ in purple shell and $0.4\%$ in the abalone. The predominant fatty acids of total lipids were eicosapentaenoic acid ($19.30\%$). eicosenoic acid ($12.10\%$) and palmitic acid ($11.77\%$) in the purple shell, and palmitic acid ($21.29\%$), oleic acid ($14.55\%$) and linoleic acid ($14.21\%$) in the abalone. The lipid composition of non-polar lipid fractions in purple shell and abalone was separated and identified as free sterol, free fatty acid, triglyceride and hydrocarbon & esterified sterol by TLC. The contents of triglyceride from both neutral lipids were shown more abundant than any other subclasses. The main fatty acids of neutral lipids were eicosapentaenoic acid ($18.6\%$), palmitic acid ($14.90\%$) and eicosenoic acid ($14.76\%$) in the purple shell, and palmitic acid ($28.12\%$), oleic acid($20.5\%$) and myristic acid ($12.5\%$) in the abalone. Eicosapentaenoic acid ($17.57\%$), stearic acid ($13.26\%$) and eicosatetraenoic acid ($11.24\%$) were important fatty acids of glycolipid in the purple shell, and myristic acid ($12.75\%$), stearic acid ($12.10\%$) and eicosatetraenoic acid ($10.64\%$) in the abalone. The major fatty acids of phospholipids were eicosapentaenoic acid ($20.18\%$), palmitic acid ($11.26\%$) and eicosenoic acid ($10.90\%$) in the purple shell, and palmitic acid ($21.10\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid ($12.90\%$) and oleic acid($11.13\%$) in the abalone.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.512-518
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• 2002

In order to effectively utilize of granular ark and ark shell, lipid and fatty acid compositions, free amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds and minerals in the muscle and viscera of raw and cooked specimens were analyzed. The major constituents of non-polar lipids in the granular ark and ark shell were triglycerides, which showed higher content in viscera than the muscle. The polar lipids in the granular ark and ark shell were mainly consisted of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids of total lipid were 16:0, 20:5n-3, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 18:0 and 22:6n-3 both the granular ark and ark shell. The major nucleotides and the related compounds were adenosine monophosphate and adenosine diphosphate and they had higher content in the muscle than in viscera both samples, free amino acids such as taurine, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, phenyl alanine and aspartic acid were abundant both the granular ark and ark shell. In the raw muscle of granular ark, glycine, alanine and $\alpha$-amino-iso-butyric acid were high level, but glutamic acid, aspartic acid and phenyl alanine were low level compared with those of cooking muscle. In the raw muscle of ark shell, taurine and $\alpha$-amino-iso-butyric acid were high content, but the glutamic acid and aspartic acid were low level compared with those of cooking muscle. Minerals in the granular ark and ark shell were chiefly consisted of potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron and calcium.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.345-351
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• 1996

Studies on extraction and color characteristics of purple sweet potato (PSP) pigment were performed to provide the basic information for the utilization of PSP as a new source of natural food colorant. PSP pigment was extracted well with the polar solvents such as distilled water, ethanol, and methanol. but hardly extracted with the non-polar solvents. Among the tested solvents, 20% ethanol solution containing 0.1% citric acid was found to be the most efficient for extraction of the pigment from PSP. PSP contained high amount of pigment not only in the epidermis but also in the flesh of the potato. The PSP pigment was heat stable even under pretreatments such as autoclaving and blanching of the potato before extraction. The optimum temperature of the extraction for the PSP Pigment was decided to be $30^{\circ}C$ by considering the stability and the rate of extraction. The pigment was markedly influenced by the change of pH. The color of the pigment solution was red at the pH range of $1.0{\sim}3.0$, became blue at $7.0{\sim}8.0$, then turned green at $9.0{\sim}10.0$. A characteristic batho-chromic shift of the pigment solution was observed as the pH of the solution increased.