• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 기저유출을 고려한 관측 자료 기반 오염부하량을 이용하여 비점오염 유출특성과 신규 원단위의 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 금강 수계 주원천 유역의 9개 강우사상을 대상으로 디지털 필터 기법을 이용하여 유출성분을 분리하고 수치적분법을 적용하여 비점오염부하량을 산정하였다. 연구결과 비점오염 평균 기여율은 BOD 31.34%, T-N 58.94%, T-P 50.42%로 BOD의 경우 기저유출의 영향이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 신 원단위를 적용한 오염부하량이 구 원단위를 적용한 경우에 비해 관측부하량에 근접하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 효율적인 유역의 수질관리를 위해서는 직접유출에 따른 오염부하뿐만 아니라 기저유출에 따른 오염부하 관리도 필요함을 의미한다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2014

비점오염저감시설에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 도로에 자연형 비점오염저감시설 설치시 비점오염저감효율에 대한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 도로에 설치된 여러 종류의 인공습지에 대한 비점오염 저감효율을 모니터링과 유량가중평균농도법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 인공습지는 일반적인 오염물질인 TSS, COD, BOD, TN, TP에 대한 저감효율은 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 중금속인 Cr, Zn, Pb의 제거효율은 낮거나 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1999

This study was carried out to estimate the runoff loading characteristics of the non-point source pollutions in the Youngsan river basins by the method of land-use types and rainfall. The lysimeter test, rainfall and stream flowmeter measurement were performed to develop the pollutant loading unit discharged from the non-point sources. As the non-point sources, the unit pollutant discharge rates were different from the land-use types such as paddy field, upland, forest, housing site and others. The pollutant loading units classified by land-use types in the Youngsan river basins are as follows: The total BOD loading rate is 15.3 ton/day and the housing site is discharged 50.6%, the total T-N loading rate is 6.0 ton/day and the paddy field and upland is discharged 77.6%, and the total T-P loading rate is 0.39 ton/day and the paddy field and upland is discharged 81.2%. The pollutant loadings by rainfall in the Youngsan river basins are about 7,425 ton/year of BOD, 324 ton/year of T-N and 118 ton/year of T-P, respectively.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.719-723
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• 2014

수질오염총량관리제의 효율적인 시행을 위해 본 연구에서는 비점오염원의 분류, 비점부하량(발생, 배출) 산정, 비점 오염원 관리지역의 선정, 비점오염물질 관리 등을 포함한 비점오염원 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 무엇보다도 먼저 점오염원과 비점오염원의 정의는 학술적 법률적 관점에 기초하여 명확히 구분 관리하여야 한다. 특히, 사업활동과 사람의 활동에 의해서도 환경피해가 발생하지 않는 임야, 초지, 하천 등은 별도로 자연배경오염원으로 구분하여야 한다. 비점오염원 발생 및 배출부하량의 원단위는 유역의 실제여건에 맞도록 우선적으로 변경하여야 하며, 비점오염원 발생 및 배출부하량의 산정방법은 유역의 강수량 및 강수 지속시간을 고려하도록 수정하여야 한다. 한편, 수질오염총량관리제를 시행함에 있어 비점 오염원 관리지역은 강우시 하천의 오염물질 농도가 중권역 목표(관리목표)를 초과하거나 초과할 우려가 있는 유역을 대상으로 하며, 전체 유역 가운데 초지, 임야를 제외한 도시지역, 농경지, 그리고 대지 가운데 비점오염물질의 배출밀도가 높은 지역을 비점오염원 관리지역으로 최소화하여 선정하여야 한다. 비점오염물질저감시설은 단위면적당 비점오염물질 배출량, 오염물질 초과농도 지속시간, 처리의 실현가능성, 점오염원 대비 처리비용 효과 등을 고려하여 단위면적당 비점오염원 발생부 하량이 많은 지역과 강우시 수질농도가 중권역 목표를 초과하는 유역에 설치하여야 한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

This study analyzes the correlations between non-point sources and runoff to estimate non-point sources for effective management. From the monitoring results, the correlation factors among pollutant mass loading, EMC, total runoff volume and average flow are calculated. And using correlation factors, the most related two constituents are determined. Also the most appropriate regression between two constituents are determined. Pollutant mass loading and total runoff volume has the highest correlation. Also, compound regression is found to be the most appropriate regression. This shows that pollutant mass loading increases as total runoff volume increases. It is not continuous increase but has some pattern.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

Nowadays, the importance of non-point source pollution treatment is being emphasized. Especially, the easy runoff characteristic of highly concentrated pollutants in the roads makes the circumstance more complicated due to impermeability of roads. When the pollutants flow into steam it could make water quality in stream worse and it also causes a bad influence in the aquatic ecosystem because the effluents of rainfall-runoff may contain indecomposable materials like oil and heavy metals. Therefore, we tried to figure out the property of non-point source pollution when it is raining and carried out an assessment for the property of runoff for non-point source pollution and EMC (Event Mean Concentrations) of the essential pollutants during this study. As the result of the study, the EMC was BOD 5.2~21.7 mg/L, COD 7.5~35.4 mg/L, TSS 71.5~466.1 mg/L, T-N 0.682~1.789 mg/L and T-P 0.174~0.378 mg/L, respectively. The decreasing rate of non-point pollutant in Chungyang-Hongsung road indicates the maximum decrease of 80% until 5 mm of rainfall based on SS concentration; by the rainy time within 20~30 minutes, the decreasing rate of SS concentration was shown as 88.0~97.6%. Therefore it was concluded that it seems to be possibly control non-point pollutants if we install equipments to treat non-point pollutants with holding capacity of 30 min. It is supposed that the result of this study could be used for non-point pollutants treatment of roads in Chungyang-Hongsung area. We also want to systematically study and consistently prepare the efficient management of runoff from non-point source pollution and pollutant loading because the characteristics of non-point source pollution runoff changes depending on different characteristics and situations of roads and rainfall.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.654-663
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• 2010

Attention has increasingly focused on the pollutant load discharged from rural area since the enforcement of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in korea. As one of the methods to control the inflow of pollutant load during wet weather events, local governments are attempting to apply non-point source control facility. To design those facilities appropriately, it is essential to understand the runoff characteristics of pollutants such as TSS, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Cr}$, TP and TN. In the paper, the quantitative analyses for pollutant runoff characteristics were examined in a small rural watershed with the area of about 53 hectares. For a dry weather day and wet weather events, variation patterns of dry weather flow and runoff characteristics of wet weather flows were monitored and investigated. The runoff model using XP-SWMM reflecting the landuse types of the watershed in detail was simulated to perform the sensitivity analyses for several factors influencing on their hydrograph and pollutographs. As a result, for the case of medium and small rainfall events (i. e. total rainfall of 35.8 and 17.5 mm), the impervious area including green house, roof and road which covers relatively low portion of total area (i. e. 16%) caused substantial first flush and the majority of total runoff load. Therefore, it has been concluded that the runoff characteristics of each pollutant and distribution of impervious area should be considered for the establishment of the control strategy of non-point pollutant runoff at a rural area.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

A vegetative filter strip (VFS) is one of the best management practices (BMPs) to reduce pollutant loads. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of VFS in dense upland field areas. The study areas are agricultural fields in the Maedae (MD), Gaa (GA), and Jaun (JU) watersheds, where severe sediment yields have occurred and the Korean government has designated them as non-point management regions. The agricultural fields were divided into three or four clusters for each watershed based on their slope, slope length, and area (e.g., MD1, MD2). To assess the sediment trapping (STE) and pesticide reduction efficiency (PRE) of VFS, the Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System (VFSMOD) was applied with three different scenarios (SC) (SC1: VFS with rye vegetation; SC2: VFS with rye vegetation and a gentle slope in VFS range; and SC3: VFS with grass mixture). For SC1, there were relatively short slope lengths and small areas in the MD1 and GA3 clusters, and they showed higher pollutant reduction (STE>50%, PRE>25%). For SC2 and SC3, all clusters in GA and some clusters (MD1 and MD3) in MD show higher pollutant reduction (>25%), while the uplands in JU still show a lower pollutant (<25%). With correlation analysis between geographic characteristics and VFS effectiveness slope and slope length showed relative higher correlations with the pollutant efficiency than a area. The results of this study implied that slope and slope length should be considered to find suitable upland conditions for VFS installations.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.175-189
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• 2021

In this study, 48 streams in the Sapgyo Watershed were selected, and the Load Duration Curves (LDC) were drawn up for each stream using water quality and flow monitoring over the last three years (2018-2020), and it was evaluated whether the target water quality was achieved for each flow section. As a result of evaluating whether or not the target water quality exceeded according to the LDC, it was found that 22 rivers exceeded the target water quality. Five rivers exceeded the target water quality due to point pollutant sources, 13 rivers exceeded the target water quality due to non-point pollutant sources, and 4 rivers exceeded the target water quality due to both point and non-point pollutant sources. Among the rivers that exceeded the target water quality due to point pollutant sources, which included domestic sewage of the untreated population, there is a need to reduce the influx of polluted loads by the untreated population. The use of eco-friendly fertilizers is recommended for rivers with a relatively high farmland ratio among rivers exceeding the target water quality due to non-point pollutant sources, and installation of boiling point reduction facilities that can reduce the amount of polluted load introduced during rainfall or manage water shores. In rivers with a large number of livestock breeding heads, the livestock houses located in these rivers need to be preferentially transferred to livestock manure treatment plants. Due to the high ratio of land area because of urbanization, initial rainwater treatment facilities are required to reduce the amount of pollutant load flowing into the river through the impermeable layer during rainfall.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권spc호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to understand the runoff characteristics of the non-point sources originating from impervious surfaces and to assess their effect on the aquatic environment in the urban areas. The concentration of pollutants (SS, BOD, COD and T-P) except for T-N showed the highest value in runoff from road, and event mean concentration (EMC) also showed high value from road. The pollutants discharged from road showed a higher concentration in the beginning stage (0 ${\sim}$ 30%) of progressive percentage of rainfall. The contribution percentages of non-point sources by load were 44.9% for SS, 11.2% for BOD, 21.4% for COD, 11.4% for T-N and 8.1% for T-P in the total load of pollutant discharged through sewer. From our results, the road was a significant potential source that deteriorated water quality of the streams and lakes in the vicinity of the urban area during the rain period. Therefore, counter plan is required to reduce pollutant concentration on the road from non-point sources in the urban area. Also, since pollutant concentration in the beginning stage of rainfall was quite high, road cleaning seems to be one of the very useful methods to prevent inflowing of pollutants to the aquatic environment.