• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 1989

Ethylacetate fraction from Orobanche crenata, contained two phenylpropanoid glycosides, exhibited some pharmacological properties. It was found to be non-toxic to rats in oral doses up to 500mg/100gm body weight. In large doses, it lowered the arterial blood pressure of anaethetised rats, and produced significant analgesic effect in mice and diuretic effect in rats. It further showed smooth muscle relaxant and antispasmodic effects in the isolated rabbit intestine and guinea-pig ileum respectively.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2021

In adult patients with dental phobia, dental treatment may be difficult, or may not be possible. Depending on the level of fear or anxiety, non-pharmacological or pharmacological behavior management techniques are used in the dental treatment of such patients. Among the pharmacological behavior management techniques, minimal sedation, that is, the lowest depth of sedation, can be easily obtained in adult patients using oral sedatives, does not require special equipment or tools, and does not affect ventilatory and cardiovascular function. Diazepam is an anxiolytic drug belonging to the benzodiazepine family that, in addition to relieving anxiety, produces muscle relaxation, and is a representative drug used in adult patients with fear of dental treatment. Herein, we report the case of a 50-year-old woman with severe dental fear who successfully underwent long-term dental treatment in approximately 20 visits with minimal sedation using oral diazepam. In addition, we reviewed the considerations for the use of benzodiazepines for minimal sedation.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2016

Attitudes of parents toward behavior guidance techniques used in pediatric dentistry have changed for decades. Some techniques were regarded acceptable with authority of dentists' assistance, but now face the objection of caregivers. For the way of breeding is changing, dentist should understand the situation and try to communicate with caregiver for eliminating misunderstanding of the procedures that could induce lawsuit for abusive techniques. Most of all, dentist should try to find the best method for the patient and help to overcome the fear and anxiety. The meaningful knowledge driven from clinical experience should be shared with other dentists to build up sound theoretical foundation.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that has no definitive cure. In this review study, the main sources of Persian Medicine (PM) such as the Canon of Medicine (by Avicenna) and Al-Havi (by Rhazes) were assessed to identify non-pharmacological treatments for psoriasis. Several treatments that are recommended for this disease include nutritional advice, lifestyle modifications, and manipulation therapy such as wet cupping (Hijamah), leech therapy, and phlebotomy (Fasd). These recommendations may help to prevent recurrence and be useful in improving psoriasis. The efficacy of PM recommendations to improve psoriasis should be evaluated in future studies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권3호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2023

Bronchiectasis, which is characterized by irreversibly damaged and dilated bronchi, causes significant symptoms, poor quality of life, and increased economic burden and mortality rates. Despite its increasing prevalence and clinical significance, bronchiectasis was previously regarded as an orphan disease, and ideal treatment of this disease has been poorly understood. The European Respiratory Society and British Thoracic Society have recently published guidelines to assist physicians in the clinical field. Guidelines and reports suggest comprehensive management that includes both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment. Physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation are two of the most important non-pharmacologic therapies in bronchiectasis patients; long-term inhaled antibiotics and macrolide therapy have gained significant evidence in reducing exacerbation risk in frequent exacerbators. In this review, we summarize recent updates on bronchiectasis treatment to prevent exacerbation and manage clinical deterioration.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2007

Practice parameters for non-pharmacological treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders are based on the scientific literature for evidence-based practices. Appropriate educational and behavioral interventions are important in improving the long-term outcome in pervasive developmental disorders. Early and sustained intervention appears to be particularly important. The goal for interventions is to gain pragmatic skills for verbal communication, playing with peers, daily living routines, self-management, and social adaptation. Appropriate involvement and collaboration with parents and family are essential for well-functioning intervention programs. The life-long nature of autism implies that the clinician should maintain an active role in long-term treatment planning and family support. Vocational training and training for more independent living are important for adolescents with autism. Professionals should be knowledgeable about local and national resources and opportunities for family support as well as support of the individual.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and chewing gum for orthodontic pain relief and to assess if chewing gum can be a non-pharmacological alternative for orthodontic pain relief. Methods: The study enrolled 106 patients of both sexes, aged ≥ 12 years, with body weight > 50 kg, and mild-to-moderate dental crowding in the upper arch. After randomization and allocation concealment, the intervention groups were either administered with ibuprofen (400 mg) or acetaminophen (500 mg) or chewed sugar-free chewing gum immediately after initial archwire placement and every 6 hours for 1 week if the pain persisted. The control group did not receive any pain relief. The pain was assessed on a 100-mm visual analog scale at rest and while biting down at T1 (2 hours), T2 (24 hours), T3 (2 days), T4 (3 days), T5 (7 days), and T6 (21 days). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results: The chewing gum group experienced more pain relief than the ibuprofen group at while biting down at T3 (p = 0.04) and at rest at T4 (p < 0.001). The chewing gum group reported more pain relief than the acetaminophen and control groups while biting down at T3 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and T4 (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: Chewing gum can be a non-pharmacological alternative for orthodontic pain relief at 2 and 3 days after initial archwire placement.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2022

본 연구는 국외 경도인지장애 노인의 우울증상을 위한 비약물적 중재에 대한 특성과 효과를 분석하기 위해 무작위 대조군 실험연구에 대한 체계적 고찰을 시행하였다. 3개의 검색 데이터베이스를 사용하여 2011년 1월부터 2021년 7월까지 출간된 문헌을 분석하였다. 총 1,455편의 문헌이 검색되어 총 11편의 문헌을 최종 분석하였다. 문헌의 질 평가는 Risk of bias(RoB)를 사용하였다. 우울증상 평가도구는 Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS)이 가장 많이 사용되었다. 분석된 문헌에서 사용된 중재는 요가, 심리사회적 중재, 인지훈련, 건강교육, 다중요소 중재, 게임훈련, 유산소/심폐물리치료, 미술치료, 음악회상 활동, 기억특이성 훈련, 인지자극, 수면교육이 적용되었다. 그 중 요가, 다중요소 중재, 게임훈련이 우울증상 개선에 효과적이었다. 본 연구는 경도인지장애 노인의 우울증상에 대한 중재계획 및 실행에서 임상적 근거를 제시하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내 수면장애를 가진 성인을 대상으로 비약물적 중재를 실시한 논문을 메타분석하여 중재 효과의 크기를 확인하고자 실시되었다. 본 연구의 자료검색은 국가과학기술정보 통합서비스 (NDSL), 한국교육학술정보원 (RISS), 한국학술정보원 (KISS), 학술데이터베이스서비스 (DBpia)에서 이루어졌으며, 검색된 2000년부터 2016년까지의 연구 1,334편 중 16편의 연구를 선정하였다. 분석은 메타분석 R(version 3.3.1)을 활용하였으며, 랜덤효과모형을 이용하여 비약물적 중재의 효과크기를 산출하였다. 메타분석 결과 수면장애가 있는 성인에게 수행된 비약물적 중재의 효과크기 Hedges' g는 2.36 (95% CI: 1.44~3.28)로 큰 효과크기이었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과 분석에서 연령 집단, 중재방법, 입원유무 및 결과측정 도구에 따른 효과크기는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나 연구설계 및 참여자 유형에 따른 효과크기는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 중재 중 이압요법이 가장 큰 효과크기를 보였고, 발반사 마사지, 아로마요법, 기타 및 웃음치료 순이었다. 연구결과는 수면증진을 위한 비약물적 중재가 수면에 효과적임을 확인하게 되었고, 실무에서 수면장애를 가진 성인을 위한 중재를 선택하고 실행하는데 객관적인 근거를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to prove the effects of the net-step exercise (NSE) on gait ability, depression, cognitive function and activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Methods: The study employed a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. A total of 64 community-dwelling older adults were recruited and divided equally into two groups; 32 subjects for an experimental group and 32 subjects for a control group. In the experimental group, the NSE was applied to an hour, two times per week for 4 weeks. The level of gait ability, depression, cognitive function and ADL were measured before and after NSE. The study conducted from July to August, 2016. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, ANCOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS/WIN 22.0 version. Results: Gait ability, depression, cognitive function were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group. However, the difference in ADL was not significant between the two groups. Conclusion: These findings in this study showed that the NSE was an efficient intervention for older adults. Nurses could apply non-pharmacological interventions to avoid pharmacological side-effects.