• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2017

Cholesterol is a vital component of the human body. It stabilizes cell membranes and is the precursor of bile acids, vitamin D and steroid hormones. However, cholesterol accumulation in the bloodstream (hypercholesterolemia) can cause atherosclerotic plaques within artery walls, leading to heart attacks and strokes. The efficiency of cholesterol absorption in the small intestine is of great interest because human and animal studies have linked cholesterol absorption with plasma concentration of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cholesterol absorption is highly regulated and influenced by particular compounds in the food supply. Therefore, it is desirable to learn more about natural food components that inhibit cholesterol absorption so that food ingredients and dietary supplements can be developed for consumers who wish to manage their plasma cholesterol levels by non-pharmacological means. Food components thus far identified as inhibitors of cholesterol absorption include phytosterols, soluble fibers, phospholipids, and stearic acid.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2016

Caragana sinica (Leguminosae) is a plant, which has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of lots of diseases including neuralgia, goat, hypertension and eczema. However, scientific studies of C. sinica in pharmacological aspects are not carried out. In this study, the anti-nociceptice effect of methanolic extract of C. sinica (MCS) was evaluated using various pain models. Our data represented that MCS significantly delayed the latency time under central pain condition which are arose from thermal stimuli, indicating MCS possess analgesic potential against central nociception. In addition, MCS showed strong and dose-dependent anti-nociceptive activities on acetic acid-induced peripheral pain, compared to positive control such as indomethacin. Further combination studies using naloxone, a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, have revealed that analgesic activity of MCS was not changed in the presence of naloxone, indicating MCS exerts anti-nociceptive activity independent of opioid receptor. These results suggest that MCS may be an effective medicine in managing pain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-107
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• 2011

Hiccups have more than 100 etiologies. The most common etiology has gastrointestinal origins, related mainly to gastric distention and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intractable hiccups are rare but may present as a severe symptom of various diseases. Hiccups are mostly treated with non-invasive or pharmacological therapies. If these therapies fail, invasive methods should be used. Here, we present a patient on whom we performed a blockage of the phrenic nerve with the guidance of a nerve stimulator. The patient also had pneumothorax as a complication. Three hours after intervention, a tube thoracostomy was performed. One week later, the patient was cured and discharged from the hospital. In conclusion, a stimulator provides the benefit of localizing the phrenic nerve, which leads to diaphragmatic contractions. Patients with thin necks have more risk of pneumothorax during phrenic nerve location.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-189
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate NICU nurses' nursing interventions for pain and factors affecting nursing interventions for pain. Methods: Participants were 120 NICU nurses from 5 university hospitals located in Daejeon Metropolitan City and Chungcheong Province. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Duncan test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis with SPSS Windows 23.0 IBM program. Results: The factors affecting nursing interventions for pain included knowledge about non-pharmacological nursing interventions for pain and self-efficacy about nursing interventions for pain. These variables explained 28.3% of nursing interventions for pain. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop education programs in which effective nursing interventions for neonatal pain are considered. The programs should be made available to NICU nurses.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.57-62
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• 1998

We hypothesized the primary effect of ginseng was to protect cell membrane fatty acids from decomposition caused by free radicals. To confirm the antioxidant effect of ginseng, we measured the inhibitory effect on the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and evaluated the free radical scavenging effect of ginseng by electron spin resonance spectrometer, and gas chromatography. The results showed that thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances formed and the loss of arachidonic acid during lipid peroxidation, and that hydroxyl (-like) radical peak formed by the iron complex (ferric nitrilotriacetate, an known free radical generator in vitro) were completely inhibited by ginseng extract. This antioxidant effect of ginseng may be responsible for its wide pharmacological actions in clinical practice. As the free radical reactions in general are rapid and non-specific, ginseng seems to act as a normalizer, rather than a general tonic, at the stages of acute or chronic active phase of the various diseases.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.157-160
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• 2006

Chandanasav is an Ayurvedic preparation slightly reduced the gastrointestinal motility at the 15 min time interval. It increased the latent period of castor oil induced diarrhoea, slightly decreased number of stool count and lowered the purging index values. Chandanasav significantly reduced the onset and increased the duration of pentobarbital induced sleeping time. No significant analgesic effect was observed from the hot plate study Thus it may have mild constipating and central nervous system depressant activity without any effect on peripheral nervous system.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.195-208
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• 2005

Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and associated with a high risk of atherosclerosis, and liver, kidney, nerve and tissue damage. Defective insulin secretion in pancreas and/or insulin resistance in peripheral tissues is a central component of diabetes. It is well established that, regardless of the degree of muscle insulin resistance, glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals are determined by the rate of hepatic glucose production. Moreover recently studies using liver-specific insulin receptor knockout mice show the paramount role of the liver in insulin resistance and diabetes. Insulin exerts a multifaceted and highly integrated series of actions via its intracellular signaling systems. The first major section of this review defines the major insulin-mediated signaling pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen activated protein kinases. The second major section of the review presents a summary and evaluation of methods for determination of the role and function of signaling pathways, including methods for determination of kinase phosphorylation, the use of pharmacological inhibitors of kinase and dominant-negative kinase constructs, and the application of new RNA interference methods.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine interventions and supporting systems by dementia stage, take a look at dementia insurance policies in Korea and the United States, and present Korean private insurance programs for dementia patients. According to the study, our suggestions of a design of private insurance products for Korean dementia patients are as follows. First, the products should support people aged 80 and older. Second, new products should include the mild stage dementia in the insurance coverage. Third, non-pharmacological treatments, such as the cognitive stimulation, the cognitive training, and exercises need to be covered through the new private insurance. Fourth, the private insurance should be contained home health care services in its coverage. These suggestions can reduce the dependence of the public insurance, help people choose appropriate treatments for themselves, and give people a good opportunity to improve the effect of dementia treatment and to increase the satisfaction of patients and their families.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.112-121
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• 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine whether a delirium educational program has a positive outcome on nurses' documentation in patient records of delirium care. A one group pre-post design was used. A convenient sample of 60 consecutive records that included documentation by participating nurses in four medical wards of one regional general hospital in South Korea was audited two months before and two months after a delirium educational program. Although an educational program in this study positively changed nurses' knowledge and attitudes, these positive effects did not translate to improvement in the documentations of delirium care. There was no significant increase in the frequency of nursing documentation of delirium assessment following participation in the educational program. Furthermore, there was no significant increase in the frequency of nursing documentation of the use of non-pharmacological management following the documentation of keywords associated with delirium after participation in the educational program. The findings indicate the need to develop, implement and record a systematic risk assessment for delirium and assessment and management of existing delirium based on evidence-based guidelines in clinical practice in South Korea.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.121-127
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• 2020

To investigate the effects of wearable near-infrared ray-emitting knee pads on knee pain among elderly adults in Korea. Randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of near-infrared rays (NIR) on knee pain in Korean elderly adults. Five community-based research facilities (two welfare centers, a senior citizen center, and two churches). Forty-seven participants aged 65 years and older who had experienced knee pain. The experimental group (n = 25) wore NIR-emitting knee pads for one month at nighttime while sleeping. The control group (n = 22) wore knee pads without NIR. Demographic characteristics, intensity and duration of knee pain, amount of analgesic medication used, range of motion, gait speed, and health-related quality of life were collected using questionnaires. The experimental group showed decreased intensity (t = -6.17, p < 0.001) and duration (t = -3.34, p = 0.002) of knee pain and reduced analgesic use (t = -2.30, p = 0.026) compared to the control group. NIR may be an effective non-pharmacological option for relieving knee pain in elderly adults.