• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.5 s.92
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• pp.412-417
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• 2006

A self-administrated non-malignant respiratory symptoms questionnaire was sent to 1,099 citizens who take subway running in Seoul city. Symptom prevalence rate was high: 70.6% of subjects reported 'chest tightness', 43.4%, 'dysphnea'; 76.2%, 'dry cough'; 49.5%, 'runny nose'; 94.4%, 'drowsiness' when they take subway. The groups responding significant higher respiratory and drowsiness symptoms were 'young passengers' (vs elderly passengers), 'the female' (vs male), 'using subway everyday' (vs often), 'using subway for rush-hour time' (vs other than rush-hour), 'using transfer subway' (no transfer), 'using underground track' (vs ground track). Logistic. regression model was employed to find personal and subway characteristics affecting non-malignant respiratory symptoms. This study concluded that respiratory diseases history such as asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis significantly affect 'dry cough' and 'runny nose'. Thus, passengers with respiratory diseases history shows 2.8 times greater 'dry cough' than and 3.4 times greater 'runny nose' than those passengers without respiratory diseases history felt. This results indicated that several measures have to take to protect sensitive groups such as passengers with respiratory diseases, children and elderly people. Also passenger who use to transfer shows 1.7 times higher runny nose symptoms than that passenger who do not transfer felt.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.366-372
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• 2014

Objectives: This is a report of a case of a stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient whose malignant pleural effusion & respiratory symptoms have been relieved with Korean medicinal prescription, modified Yieum-jeon. Methods: A 56-year-old male diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC suffering malignant pleural effusion with complaints of cough, sputum, bilateral leg edema, dysphagia, post neck and left scapular pain was treated with modified Yieum-jeon and acupuncture during 16days. After treatment, blood lab and chest X-ray were used to follow the condition of malignant pleural effusion & pulmonary symptoms. Results: Malignant pleural effusion and pulmonary symptoms were improved with modified Yieum-jeon intake without any related adverse side effects. Conclusions: This study suggests Yieum-jeon may play a positive role in improving the malignant pleural effusion symptoms in advanced lung cancer cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.414-419
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• 1996

To determine the efficacy of OK-432 as pleural sclerosant, we examined the outcomes in 81 patients (age : 27 to 82 years) with malignant pleural effusion and the outcomes in 64 patients ecieving OK-432 3-10KE(1 Klinische Einheit unit) through a chest tube for malignant pleural effusions. Of 81 patients with malignant pleural effusion, 40 patients had lung cancer. Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of malignant pleural effusion in men and women, in which 57 oyo of it was adenocarcinoma. Eighty seven percent of patient had respiratory symptom. Of the 64 patients with intracavitary injection of OK-432 for malignant pleural effusion, 59 patients had a complete short-term response (no fluid reaccumulation during 1 month after intracavitary injection of OK-432). Five patiens of the non-responders had partial control of effusion, with improvement in respiratory symptoms and these patients underwent thoracentesis. Of the 51 patients who survived longer than 1 month, 48 patients did not have re- accumulation of the fluid during follow up. Fever after intracavitary injection of OK-432 was a majors side effect although but that was easily controlled with non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug therapy, Thus the efficacy of intracavitary OK-4)2 injection for malignant pleural effusion was very helpful.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 1996

Purpose : Respiratory symptoms related with malignant airway disease have been the main causes of lowered qualify of life and also sometimes may be life-threatening if not properly managed. The authors report the short-term experiences of endobronchial brachytherapy for symptomatic malignant airway obstruction using high dose rate after-loading brachytherapy unit. Materials and Methdos : Twenty-five Patients with symptomatic malignant airway obstruction were treated with endobronchial brachytherapy between the period of December 1994 and March 1996 at Department of Radiation Oncology of Samsung Medical Center Twenty-one ($84\%$) were patients with non-small cell lung cancer, three with tracheal malignancies, and one with recurrence of esophageal cancer. Twenty Patients were given elective external beam radiation therapy, while six were given endobronchial laser evaporation therapy on emergency bases in addition to endobronchial brachytherapy. Three procedures for each patient were planned and total of 70 procedures were completed. Results : Improvement rates of major respiratory symptoms after endobronchial brachytherapy procedures were $88\%$(22/25). $96\%$(22/23), $100\%$ (15/15), and $100\%$(9/9) for cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and obstructive pneumonia, respectively. ECOG performance scores were improved in $56\%$ of total patients group, while there was no case with worsened ECOG score. Fifteen patients died and the median interval from the start of treatment to death was 4 months (range: $1\~17$ months), while that of ten survivors was 9 months (range $5\~19$ months). There were five patients with controlled intrathoracic disease, who have survived over one rear. All deaths were associated with uncontrolled local and/or distant disease. Four Patients died of massive fatal hemoptysis, three of who received emergency endobronchial laser evaporation therapy before the start of endobronchial brachytherapy. Conclusion : Endobronchial brachytherapy has been confirmed as an excellent palliative treatment modality improving respiratory symptoms as well as patients' general performance status. Based on the current observations, use of endobronchial brachytherapy in curative setting as a boost technique may be warranted.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.454-461
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• 1988

Myasthenia gravis is a functional neuromuscular disorder with characteristic voluntary muscle weakness. The role of thymus in pathogenesis of this disorder has become apparent that thymectomy in treatment has gained acceptance. Between January 1976 and June 1987, twenty patients underwent thymectomy for myasthenia gravis at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University. A clinical study that is focused on the factors affecting the operative results was analyzed and the following results were obtained. Among the 20 patients, male to female ratio was 8:12 and the age of onset was ranged from 3 years to 67 years. The chief complaints in order of frequency were as follows; ocular symptoms such as ptosis and diplopia[7 cases], general weakness[4 cases], swallowing difficulty[3 cases], dyspnea[3 cases], dysphasia[1 case], headache[1 case] and dizziness[1 case]. The severity of disease was classified by modified Osserman`s method that Group IIa was 8 cases, Group IIb; 7 cases, Group IIc; 3 cases and Group I; 2 cases. In histopathology of thymus, the most frequent finding was hyperplasia[11 cases] followed by thymoma[4 cases], normal tissue[3 cases] and malignant` thymoma[2 cases]. There were two cases of postoperative complications; one case was wound infection and the other was mediastinitis. One case of malignant thymoma died due to respiratory failure with pulmonary metastasis. There was 16 cases[80%] of improvement after thymectomy as follows; complete remission was 4 cases[20%], marked improvement was 9 cases[45%] and subjective improvement only was 3 cases[15%]. The effect of severity and duration of disease on operative result has statistically significant. The effect of thymus histopathology on operative result was not statistically significant. But there were comparable results between thymoma cases and non-thymoma cases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2004

Background : Methotrexate (MTX) has been used to treat a wide range of malignant and benign diseases including osteosarcoma, advanced stage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, psoriasis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and Wegener's granulomatosis. MTX-induced lung injury occurs in up to 10% of treated patients. Although both acute and chronic presentations have been described, typical manifestation of MTX-induced lung injury is subacute with symptoms usually developing within several months after starting therapy. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is the most common histopathologic manifestation of MTX-induced lung disease, while bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) are less common. Granuloma formation is reported in 34.7%. In Korea, Two reports of MTX pneumonitis have been published. The one presented with NSIP and the other with DAD. We recently experienced a case of MTX pneumonitis with presentation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 1992

Background: As well as fiberoptic bronchoscopy, chest computerized tomographic scan can now differentiate the benign from malignant causes and the obstructive from non-obstructive causes of lung collapse. This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of chest CT scan and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of middle lobe syndrome. Method: We reviewed the clinical features, roentgenographic changes, pathologic findings and bronchoscopic findings in 16 patients with middle lobe syndrome who were admitted to Severance Hospital during period of January, 1987 through January, 1992. Results: The male to female ratio was 1:1. The most common symptoms were cough and sputums. Crackle was the most common physical finding. Underlying disease was lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and endobronchial tuberculosis in 3 each other, benign stenosis in 2, lung abscess, broncholithiasis, bronchial chondroma, pneumonia and nonspecific inflammation in 1 each other. Conclusion: We conclude that the combination of chest computerized tomogram and fiberoptic bronchoscopy was most desirable for the diagnosis of middle lobe syndrome.