• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.371-390
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• 2010

Historical buildings in seismically active regions are severely damaged by earthquakes, since they certainly were not designed by the original builders to withstand seismic effects. In particular the reports after major ground motions indicate that earthquake-induced pounding between buildings may lead to substantial damage or even collapse of colliding structures. The research on structural pounding during earthquakes has been recently much advanced, although most of the studies are conducted on simplified single degree of freedom systems. In this paper a detailed pounding-involved response analysis of three adjacent structures is performed, concerning the main bodies of the "Quinto Orazio Flacco" school. The construction includes a main masonry building, with an M-shaped plan, and a reinforced concrete building, separated from the masonry one and realized along its free perimeter. By the analysis of the capacity curves obtained by suitable pushover procedures performed separately for each building, it emerges that masonry and reinforced concrete buildings are vulnerable to earthquake-induced structural pounding in the longitudinal direction. In particular, due to the geometric configuration of the school, a special case of impact between the reinforced concrete structure and two parts of the masonry building occurs. In order to evaluate the pounding-involved response of three adjacent structures, in this paper a numerical procedure is proposed, programmed using MATLAB software. Both a non-linear viscoelastic model to simulate impact and an elastic-perfectly plastic approximation of the storey shear force-drift relation are assumed, differently from many commercial softwares which admit just one non-linearity.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

Concrete-filled steel tube(CFT) columns have become popular for building construction due to not only composite effect of steel tube and infilled concrete, but also more economical. The purpose of this paper is to propose the applicable boundary formula of width-to-thickness ratio for rectangular steel tube as using CFT column. A parametric study was performed taking width-to-thickness ratio of rectangular steel tube and compressive strength of concrete as the main parameter. The strength of concrete are selected to 30, 60, 90MPa. The non-linear analysis was adopted in order to take into account the effect of concrete strength. Finally, from the test and analysis results, the effect of increasing strength according to concrete strength and width-to-thickness of steel tube and plastic behavior of specimens were verified distinctly.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2018

A numerical approach for the evaluation of the flexural response of Steel Fibrous Concrete (SFC) cross-sections with arbitrary geometry, with or without conventional steel longitudinal reinforcing bars is proposed. Resisting bending moment versus curvature curves are calculated using verified non-linear constitutive stress-strain relationships for the SFC under compression and tension which include post-peak and post-cracking softening parts. A new compressive stress-strain model for SFC is employed that has been derived from test data of 125 stress-strain curves and 257 strength values providing the overall compressive behaviour of various SFC mixtures. The proposed sectional analysis is verified using existing experimental data of 42 SFC beams, and it predicts the flexural capacity and the curvature ductility of SFC members reasonably well. The developed approach also provides rational and more accurate compressive and tensile stress-strain curves along with bending moment versus curvature curves with regards to the predictions of relevant existing models.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.463-478
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• 2020

Multiple mathematical modeling for prediction of slump, compressive strength and depth of water penetration at 28 days were performed using statistical analysis for the concrete containing waste limestone powder as partial replacement of sand obtained from experimental program reported in this research. To extract experimental data, 180 concrete cubic samples with 20 different mix designs were investigated. The twenty non-linear regression models were used to predict each of the concrete properties including slump, compressive strength and water depth penetration of concrete with waste limestone powder. Evaluation of the models using numerical methods showed that the majority of models give acceptable prediction with a high accuracy and trivial error rates. The 15-term regression models for predicting the slump, compressive strength and water depth were found to have the best agreement with the tested concrete specimens.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2003

A computer program has been developed for the optimum design of prestressed concrete beams under flexure. Optimum values of prestressing force, tendon configuration, and cross-sectional dimensions are determined subject to constraints on the design variables and stresses. 28 constraints have been used including flexural stresses, cover requirement, the aspect ratios for top and bottom flanges and web part of a beam and ultimate moment. The objective function contains cost of concrete, prestressing force and formwork. Using this function, it is possible to obtain minimum cost design, minimum weight or cross-sectional area of concrete design and minimum prestressing force design. Besides the idealized I-shaped cross-section, which is widely used in literature, a general I-shaped cross-section with eight geometrical design variables are used here. Four examples, one of which is available in the literature and the others are modified form of it, have been solved for minimum cost and minimum cross-sectional area designs and the results are compared. The computer program, which employs modified grid search optimization method, can assist a designer in producing efficient designs rapidly and easily. Considerable savings in computational work are thus made possible.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.635-656
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• 2014

A rational estimation of moisture distribution in structural concrete is vital for predicting the possible extent and rate of progression of impending degradation processes. The paper proposes a numerical scheme for analysing the evolution of moisture distribution in concrete subjected to wetting-drying exposure caused by intermittent periods of rainfall. The proposed paradigm is based on the stage wise implementation of non-linear finite element (FE) analysis, with each stage representing a distinct phase of a typical wet-dry cycle. The associated boundary conditions have been constituted to realize the influence of various meteorological elements such as rain, wind, relative humidity and temperature on the exposed concrete surface. The reliability of the developed scheme has been demonstrated through its application for the simulation of experimentally recorded moisture profiles reported in published literature. A sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to study the influence of critical material properties on simulated results. The proposed scheme is vital to the service life modelling of concrete structures in tropical climates which largely remain exposed to the action of alternating rains.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.470-475
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• 2000

This research covers the resting of precast/prestressed concrete I-Girder bridge. The research was designed to examine processes for improving the condition evaluation and rating of prestressed concrete bridge. To establish procedures that allow for the full utilization of prestressed concrete bridge capacity, a 28-year old sample was loaded to failure in site. The bridge was constructed with 12 spans, and girders of each span were simply supported. At each loading stage, the deflections, reinforcement strains, prestressing wire strains and concrete strains were examined. Failure behavior was analyzed, and failure load was also evaluated. The test results wee compared to the analytical results from the non-linear finite element analysis.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.351-374
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• 2022

Softening function is the primary input for modeling the fracture of concrete when the cohesive crack approach is used. In this paper, based on the laboratory data on notched beams, an inverse algorithm is proposed that can accurately find the softening curve of the concrete. This algorithm uses non-linear finite element analysis and the damage-plasticity model. It is based on the kinematics of the beam at the late stages of loading. The softening curve, obtained from the corresponding algorithm, has been compared to other softening curves in the literature. It was observed that in determining the behavior of concrete, the usage of the presented curve made accurate results in predicting the peak loads and the load-deflection curves of the beams with different concrete mixtures. In fact, the proposed algorithm leads to softening curves that can be used for modeling the tensile cracking of concrete precisely. Moreover, the advantage of this algorithm is the low number of iterations for converging to an appropriate answer.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.497-508
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• 2013

이 논문에서는 화재 발생에 따른 구조물의 성능 변화를 평가하기 위한 철근콘크리트 부재의 수치해석모델이 제안되었다. 화재 발생 시 유발되는 전도, 대류 및 복사열의 효과를 고려한 비정상 열전달 해석을 수행하였으며 이를 통해 단면 내 온도분포를 결정하였다. 또한, 적층섬유단면을 적용하여 온도증가로 인해 단면 내 위치에 따라 달라지는 재료의 비선형성을 고려하였다. 이 때, 온도변화에 따라 유발되는 열팽창 변형률, 비정상상태 변형률, 크리프 변형률 등의 비역학적 변형특성을 단면 내 각 섬유에 대해 고려함으로써 화재 발생 시의 극심한 온도증가를 고려한 비선형 해석을 수행하였다. 제안된 해석모델의 타당성을 입증하기 위하여 철근콘크리트부재의 표준화재실험으로부터 얻어진 실험결과와 해석결과를 비교하였으며, 특히, 화재 시간에 따른 저항능력의 변화를 살펴봄으로써, 철근콘크리트 부재의 거동특성을 평가하고 이를 설계규준에서 제시하는 단면 및 저항능력과 비교하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2018

Today, the modeling of concrete as a material within finite element simulations is predominantly done through nonlinear material models of concrete. In current sophisticated computational systems, there are a number of complex concrete material models which are based on theory of plasticity, damage mechanics, linear or nonlinear fracture mechanics or combinations of those theories. These models often include very complex constitutive relations which are suitable for the modeling of practically any continuum mechanics tasks. However, the usability of these models is very often limited by their parameters, whose values must be defined for the proper realization of appropriate constitutive relations. Determination of the material parameter values is very complicated in most material models. This is mainly due to the non-physical nature of most parameters, and also the large number of them that are frequently involved. In such cases, the designer cannot make practical use of the models without having to employ the complex inverse parameter identification process. In continuum mechanics, however, there are also constitutive relations that require the definition of a relatively small number of parameters which are predominantly of a physical nature and which describe the behavior of concrete very well within a particular task. This paper presents an example of such constitutive relations which have the potential for implementation and application in finite element systems. Specifically, constitutive relations for modeling the plane stress state of concrete are presented and subsequently tested and evaluated in this paper. The relations are based on the incremental theory of elastic strain-hardening plasticity in which a non-associated flow rule is used. The calculation result for the case of concrete under uniaxial compression is compared with the experimental data for the purpose of the validation of the constitutive relations used.