• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.109-132
• /
• 2013

Current codes incorporate simplified methods for the prediction of acceleration demands on secondary structural and non-structural elements at different levels of a building. While the use of simple analysis methods should be advocated, damage to both secondary structural and non-structural elements in recent earthquakes have highlighted the need for improved design procedures for such elements. In order to take a step towards the formation of accurate but simplified methods of predicting floor spectra, this work examines the floor spectra on elastic and inelastic single-degree of freedom systems subject to accelerograms of varying seismic intensity. After identifying the factors that appear to affect the shape and intensity of acceleration demands on secondary structural and non-structural elements, a new series of calibrated equations are proposed to predict floor spectra on single degree of freedom supporting structures. The approach uses concepts of dynamics and inelasticity to define the shape and intensity of the floor spectra at different levels of damping. The results of non-linear time-history analyses of a series of single-degree of freedom supporting structures indicate that the new methodology is very promising. Future research will aim to extend the methodology to multi-degree of freedom supporting structures and run additional verification studies.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.185-204
• /
• 2015

This study investigates the impact of the earthquake incident angle on the structural demand and the influence of ground motion selection and scaling methods on seismic directionality effects. The structural demand produced by Non-Linear Time-History Analyses (NLTHA) varies with the seismic input incidence angle. The seismic directionality effects are evaluated by subjecting four three-dimensional reinforced concrete structures to different scaled and un-scaled records oriented along nine incidence angles, whose values range between 0 and 180 degrees, with an increment of 22.5 degrees. The results show that NLTHAs performed applying the ground motion records along the principal axes underestimate the structural demand prediction, especially when plan-irregular structures are analyzed. The ground motion records generate the highest demand when applied along the lowest strength structural direction and a high energy content of the records increases the structural demand corresponding to this direction. The seismic directionality impact on structural demand is particularly important for irregular buildings subjected to un-scaled accelerograms. However, the orientation effects are much lower if spectrum-compatible combinations of scaled records are used. In both cases, irregular structures should be analyzed first with pushover analyses in order to identify the weaker structural directions and then with NLTHAs for different incidence angles.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2019

Dynamic earth pressure is considered an important parameter in the design of embedded structures. In current engineering design simplified methods developed either for yielding or non-yielding structures are utilized to predict resultant dynamic pressure. The applicability of these equations to embedded structures have not yet been reported. In this study we perform a suite of equivalent linear time history analysis for a range of embedded structure configurations. Numerically calculated dynamic pressure is shown to depend on the flexibility ratio (F), aspect ratio (L/H) of the embedded structure, and ground motion. Increase in L/H and intensity increases the magnitude of dynamic pressure. An increase in F decreases the dynamic pressure. Overall, the trends highlight the need for development of new method that accounts for F and L/H to calculate the dynamic pressure for the performance-based design of embedded structures.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.295-317
• /
• 2020

Investigation of the stability of arch dam abutments is one of the most important aspects in the analysis of this type of dams. To this end, the Bakhtiari dam, a doubly curved arch dam having six wedges at each of its abutments, is selected. The seismic safety of dam abutments is studied through time history analysis using the design-based earthquake (DBE) and maximum credible earthquake (MCE) hazard levels. Londe limit equilibrium method is used to calculate the stability of wedges in abutments. The thrust forces are obtained using ABAQUS, and stability of wedges is calculated using the code written within MATLAB. Effects of foundation flexibility, grout curtain performance, vertical component of earthquake, nonlinear behavior of materials, and geometrical nonlinearity on the safety factor of the abutments are scrutinized. The results show that the grout curtain performance is the main affecting factor on the stability of the abutments, while nonlinear behavior of the materials is the least affecting factor amongst others. Also, it is resulted that increasing number of the contraction joints can improve the seismic stability of dam. A cap is observed on the number of joints, above which the safety factor does not change incredibly.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 1988

본 연구(硏究)에서는 지진(地震)하중을 받는 선형비례감쇠(線形比例減衰) 시스템의 층응답(層應答) 스펙트럼을 random vibration 이론(理論)을 적용하여 계산(計算)하는 방법을 제시(提示)하였다. 해석(解析)방법으로는 모드가속도법(加速度法)을 사용하였으며 구조물(構造物)-기기(機器)의 상호작용(相互作用)은 고려하지 않았다. 입력지진운동(入力地震運動)과 기기(機器)의 응답(應答)을 평균(平均)값이 영(零)인 정상(定常) Gauss 과정(過程)으로 가정하였다. 입력지진(入力地震)의 천이특성을 Vanmarcke 방법(方法)에 따라 첨두계수(尖頭係數) 계산시 고려하였다. 층응답(層應答) 스펙트럼을 공진(共振)과 비공진(非共振)으로 구분(區分)하여 계산하였으며 응답(應答)계산시 구조물(構造物)과 진동체(振動體)의 첨두계수(尖頭係數)는 지반응답(地盤應答) 스펙트럼의 첨두계수(尖頭係數)와 동일(同一)하다고 가정하였다. 적용예(適用例)에서는 시간이력해석(時間履歷解析)의 결과와 비교(比較)함으로써 본 연구(硏究)의 타당성(妥當性)을 입증(立證)하였다. 본(本) 논문(論文)의 해석방법(解析方法)을 사용(使用)하면 비교적(比較的) 정확(正確)한 안전측(安全側)의 결과(結果)를 얻을 수 있으며 시간이력해석법(時間履歷解析法)에 비해 계산시간(計算時間)을 상당(相當)히 절약할 수 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제74권6호
• /
• pp.789-807
• /
• 2020

Multiple earthquakes that occur during short seismic intervals affect the inelastic behavior of the structures. Sequential ground motions against the single earthquake event cause the building structure to face loss in stiffness and its strength. Although, numerous research studies had been conducted in this research area but still significant limitations exist such as: 1) use of traditional design procedure which usually considers single seismic excitation; 2) selecting a seismic excitation data based on earthquake events occurred at another place and time. Therefore, it is important to study the effects of successive ground motions on the framed structures. The objective of this study is to overcome the aforementioned limitations through testing a two storey RC building structural model scaled down to 1/10 ratio through a similitude relation. The scaled model is examined using a shaking table. Thereafter, the experimental model results are validated with simulated results using ETABS software. The test framed specimen is subjected to sequential five artificial and four real-time earthquake motions. Dynamic response history analysis has been conducted to investigate the i) observed response and crack pattern; ii) maximum displacement; iii) residual displacement; iv) Interstorey drift ratio and damage limitation. The results of the study conclude that the low-rise building model has ability to resist successive artificial ground motion from its strength. Sequential artificial ground motions cause the framed structure to displace each storey twice in correlation with vary first artificial seismic vibration. The displacement parameters showed that real-time successive ground motions have a limited impact on the low-rise reinforced concrete model. The finding shows that traditional seismic design EC8 requires to reconsider the traditional design procedure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.553-570
• /
• 2013

Using of masonry infill as partitions, in flat slab frame buildings is a common practice in many parts of the world. The infill is, generally, not considered in the design and the buildings are designed as bare frames. More of fundamental information in the effect of masomary infill on the seismic performance of RC building frames is in great demand for structural engineers. Therefore the main aim of this research is to evaluate the seismic performance of such buildings without (bare frame) and with various systems of the masonary infill. For this purpose, thirteen three dimensional models are chosen and analyzed by SAP2000 program. In this study the stress strain relation model proposed by Crisafulli for the hysteric behaviour of masonary subjected to cyclic loading is used. The results show that the nonstructural masonary infill can impart significant increase global strength and stiffness of such building frames and can enhance the seismic behaviour of flat slab frame building to large extent depending on infill wall system. As a result great deal of insight has been obtained on seismic response of such flat slab buildings which enable the structural engineer to determine the optimum position of infill wall between the columns.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2011

중진 지역에 있는 RC 골조의 횡하중에 대한 설계에서 저층부에 있는 보와 기둥의 강도는 상층부의 강도보다 커야만 한다. 그러나 횡하중에 대한 보의 설계 모멘트를 골조의 수평방향뿐만 아니라 수직방향으로 재분배 시킬 수 있고 그 결과 모든 보의 강도를 같게 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 최대한 많은 층의 보 휨 강도를 동일하게 만들기 위한 수직방향 보 모멘트 재분배의 영향을 살펴보는데 있다. 2경간-6층 RC 골조를 수직방향 모멘트 재분배를 고려한 경우와 고려치 않은 경우로 각각 설계하고 이들의 내진성능을 정적 비선형 한계하중 해석법과 동적 비선형 시간이력 해석법을 이용하여 구하였다. 해석결과 수직방향으로 보의 모멘트를 재분배하면 재분배 한 크기만큼 증가된 연성도를 요구하지만, 이 추가적인 요구는 상세설계가 잘된 RC 부재의 연성도 능력보다 작다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.157-171
• /
• 1994

A general approach to the dynamic time-history analysis of the reactor core is presented in this paper as a part of the fuel assembly qualification program. Several detailed core models are set up to reflect the placement of the fuel assemblies within the core shroud. Peak horizontal responses are obtained for each model for the motions induced form earthquake. The dynamic responses such as fuel assembly deflected shapes and spacer grid impact loads are carefully investigated. Also, the sensitivity responses are obtained for the earthquake motions and the fuel assembly non-linear response characteristics are discussed.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.379-386
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic demand on the isolated slab-on-steel girder bridge under cold climate conditions. To this end comparative test results are presented of laminated elastomeric and lead-rubber seismic isolators in warm and cold temperature conditions. At extremely cold temperatures, rubber "glass-harden" and as a result rubber bearings that may be used for seating bridges behave in a significantly non-linear fashion. From the nonlinear time history analysis of the isolated slab-on-steel girder bridge, larger forces are transferred to the substructures. however smaller displacement at superstructure is obtained under cold climate conditions. These phenomenons might need to be considered in design stage of the seismically isolated bridges.