• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2012

Today, a great effort to develop PBSD procedure to be utilized in Korea is given by domestic structural engineers, academics, and governmental organizations. After Great East Japan Earthquake (2011) took place, lots of clients in Korea became to concern of their buildings so that requests of seismic performance evaluation and seismic rehabilitation for existing buildings have been gradually increased. Such interests in seismic events initiated a rapid development of a series of guidelines for seismic performance evaluation and seismic performance enhancement. For new buildings, however, design guidelines for PBSD are yet well prepared in Korea and prescriptive design methods are dominant design procedure still. Herein, seismicity demands used in seismic performance evaluation and some important design parameters in NLRH are introduced. Some project examples for seismic performance evaluation and rehabilitation applying passive energy dissipation devices are also described in the latter part of paper.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.517-527
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• 2014

As sewer flooding frequents due to localized and concentrated stormwater and increased non-permeable surface area after urbanization, building cities with sound water recycle and accordingly efficient management of rainwater is demanded. To do this, the existing sewage (including rainwater) fee imposition system should be philosophically evaluated. This study presents problematic issues of the existing domestic sewage fee imposition system considering the principle of sharing costs on the service of sewage and rainwater collection and treatment. Four methods to improve the existing sewage fee imposition system are suggested: 1) imposing stormwater fee according to Polluter Pays Principle, 2) clarification of the share of public sector, 3) reducing or exempting the sewerage fee for inhabitants reducing urban runoff by constructing their own rainwater management facilities, 4) imposing charge for discharging rainwater to sewers due to new development action. Short, mid, or long term planning for rainwater management is recommended considering the situation of each municipality.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.7_spc
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• pp.425-434
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• 2016

This study investigates important parameters used to determine an effective peak ground acceleration (EPGA) based on the characteristics of response spectra of historical earthquakes occurred at Korean peninsula. EPGAs are very important since they are implemented in the Korean Building Code for the seismic design of new structures. Recently, the Gyeongju earthquakes with the largest magnitude in earthquakes measured at Korea took place and resulted in non-structural and structural damage, which their EPGAs should need to be evaluated. This paper first describes the basic concepts on EPGAs and the EPGAs of the Gyeongju earthquakes are then evaluated and compared according to epicentral distances, site classes and directions of seismic waves. The EPGAs are dependant on normalizing factors and ranges of period on response spectrum constructed with the Gyeongju earthquake records. Using the normalizing factors and the ranges of period determined based on the characteristics of domestic response spectra, this paper draw a conclusion that the EPGAs are estimated to be about 30 % of the measured peak ground accelerations (PGA).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2011

Objectives : These days assaults and other natural and human disasters are increasing. But oriental medical treatment researches in Korea are limited in car accident PTSD patients only. Our object is to explore an oriental medical intervention model for the evidence-based approach to PTSD after diverse trauma including disasters. Methods : Domestic papers for Korean researches are obtained from oriental medical related journals by internet searching. International materials are obtained from PubMed searching and a publication from Department of Veterans' Affairs. After assorting searched articles into RCTs and non-RCTs, we analyzed the articles according to the elapsed time from trauma. Results : We confirmed that acupuncture, CBT, and PMR were effective in acute stage after traumatic event. And EMDR, EFT, and relaxation therapy were effective in chronic stage after traumatic event. Building on the findings, we proposed a model of oriental medicine for Disaster Mental Health. Conclusions : Analyzing previous researches about oriental medicine on PTSD, several interventions were confirmed the effectiveness on specific treatment stage. We could find the possibility of Oriental Medicine as a Disaster Mental Heath and proposed a model of Oriental medicine for Disaster Mental Health.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 2019

The paper aims to combine balance sheet analysis at the firm level with the International Monetary Fund's public debt sustainability assessment framework to assess state-owned enterprises' (SOE) leverage as a contingent liability to the public sector. Based on company data and the interest coverage ratio as a measure of debt at risk, aggregate baseline scenarios are projected to gauge the magnitude of SOE debt as a contingency. SOE's financial and debt ratios are first bootstrapped to generate firm-level distributions and then averaged into a fan chart of the economy-wide SOE contingent liability. Applied to the People's Republic of China as an example, the study finds that by the end of 2015 SOE leverage had grown to a substantial liability. However arbitrary the assumptions underlying these projections, it would appear that even if authorities had to mop up as much as 20% of SOE debt at risk gone bad, this would have been manageable at roughly 2.7% of the gross domestic product in 2016 or 5.5% by 2021. This projection framework is fully amenable to alternative assumptions and settings, which makes it a useful analytical tool to monitor contingent liabilities from non-financial corporate debt that have been building in emerging and advanced economies alike.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.410-418
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• 2023

In this study, the combustion characteristics of the Tulip tree, which is the representative broad-leaved afforestation tree in Korea, were analyzed. The flame retardant performance of the Tulip tree was analyzed by analyzing combustion characteristics on a total of three test samples; flame retardant treated, both flame retardant and oil stain-treated, and untreated. Then the flame retardance grade was classified for each of them. According to the result, test samples showed the strongest flame retardance were in order of flame retardant treated (C), both flame retardant and oil stain-treated (B), and untreated (A). As a result of analyzing the total heat emission and maximum heat emission rates, which is the evaluation standard for interior materials of Korean domestic buildings, test samples with flame retardant treat or flame retardant and oil stain treat were qualified for the flame-retardant standard. Both flame retardant and oil stain-treated samples showed higher total heat release (THR) and heat release rate compared to flame retardant-treated samples as the oil causes combustion with oxygen. On the other hand, they didn't qualify the THR in Quasi-non-combustible standards. To determine the correlation between the physical and combustion characteristics of wood, the combustion characteristics of other diffuse porous wood species, with which the Tulip tree is affiliated were analyzed, and noticed that the characteristic correlates with the density and quantity of wood. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information on the combustion characteristics of the Tulip tree.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

Purpose: Currently, research on environmental conditions and finishing materials for medical facilities with proven antiviral performance is poor in Korea. Through this study, we have explored environmental characteristics and finishing materials that can be used to control cross-infection when constructing medical facilities. Methods: Experiments in overseas papers related to antiviral effects of environmental conditions, spatial compartments, and interior finishes have been analyzed. Results: The higher the temperature, the higher the humidity, and the higher the illuminance of sunlight, the lower the viability of the corona-virus. The proliferation of viruses was suppressed on the surface of the copper alloy. Materials such as brushed steel are the ones that maintain the strongest viability. Among the characteristics of the surface, survival and propagation power differ depending on whether it is porous or hydrophilic. In the case of infection ward actually operated in Italy, the presence of airborne viruses in contaminated and non-contaminated spaces differed significantly. Corona-virus has been identified in reachable parts such as door handles and medical shelves in quasi-contaminated spaces, which are spaces between contaminated and non-contaminated spaces, but the corona-virus has not been identified in cases of out-of-touch walls. Implications: It is necessary to evaluate the performance by testing the construction finishing materials of infection control facilities according to domestic conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

A lot of the energy are consumed on heating and cooling in buildings. The buildings need to minimize the heating and cooling loads for $CO_2$ emissions and energy consumption reduction. In recently, also demand of detached houses were increase while the residential culture was changed. The structure of the domestic detached houses can be divided into masonry, concrete, wood frame houses. Therefore, in this study, the heating and cooling load and energy demand were analyzed on the equal area detached house consisting of three structural methods (Masonry, Concrete, Wood frame). Layer of wall, roof, and floor were composited by structure. Thermal transmittance (U-value) of each layer was using the PHPP calculation for considering stud, such as the wood frame wall. In addition, the case of without considering for studs in wood frame wall (Non-studs) was analyzed in order to compare the difference between studs or not. Analysis was performed using self-developed heating and cooling load calculation program (CHLC) based excel and ECO2. The results of cooling and heating load and energy demand showed the highest values in the wood frame structure, and the concrete structure were confirmed to maintain a high value secondly. Two structure were determined to be disadvantageous on the energy consumption. Consequently, the masonry structure have an advantage over the other structure under the identical conditions. It was determined that if the except for thermal bridges due to the studs in the wood frame structure, it can be reduced the energy consumption.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2014

In this study, the probabilistic internal pressure fragility analysis was performed by using the non-linear finite element analysis method. The target structure is one of the containment buildings of typical domestic pressurized water reactors(PWRs). The 3-dimensional finite element model of the containment building was developed with considering the large equipment hatches. To consider uncertainties in the material properties and structural capacities, we performed the sensitivity analysis of the ultimate pressure capacity with respect to the variation of four important uncertain parameters. The results of the sensitivity analysis were used to the selection of the probabilistic variables and the determination of their probabilistic parameters. To reflect the present condition of the tendon pre-stressing force, the data of the pre-stressing force acquired from the in-service inspections of tendon forces were used for the determination of the median value. Two failure modes(leak, rupture) were considered and their limit states were defined to assess the internal pressure fragility of target containment building. The internal pressure fragilities for each failure mode were evaluated in terms of median internal pressure capacity, high confidence low probability of failure(HCLPF) capacity, and fragility curves with respect to the confidence levels. The HCLPF capacity was 115.9 psig for leak failure mode, and 125.0 psig for rupture failure mode.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.spc2
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• pp.811-822
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• 2019

Environmental flows in the downstream sections of Yongdam Dam, Wonju Stream Dam, and Hongcheon River were estimated with selected target fish species such as Nigra for the site of Yongdam Dam, Splendidus for the site of Wonju Stream Dam, and Signifer for the site of Hongcheon River by considering endangered and domestic species. Physical habitat analysis was performed to estimate environmental flows for the study sites by applying the Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) and RIVER2D which combined hydraulic and habitat models. Based on the monitored data for ecological environment, the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) for the target species was estimated by applying the Instream Flow and Aquatic Systems Group (IFASG). In particular, based on the result of fish monitoring, the HSI for each stage of the growth for target species was analyzed. As a result, the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) was maximized at $4.9m^3/s$ of flow discharge during spawning, $5.8m^3/s$ during the period of juvenile, and $8.9m^3/s$ during the adult fish season at the downstream section of Yongdam Dam. The result of the Wonju Stream Dam showed an optimal environmental flow of $0.4m^3/s$, $1.0m^3/s$, and $1.5m^3/s$ during the period of spawning, juvenile, and adult. The habitat analysis for the site of Hongcheon River, which is a non-regulated stream, produced an optimum environmental flow of $5m^3/s$ in the spawning period, $4m^3/s$ in the juvenile stage and $6m^3/s$ in the adult stage.