• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 1999

The dynamic response of buried pipelines has gained considerable importance because these pipelines perform vital role in conducting energy, water, communication and transportation. After realizing the magnitude of damage, and hence, the human uncomfort and the economical losses, researchers have paid sincere attention to this problem. A number of papers have appeared in the past which discuss the different aspects of the problem. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of non-axisymmetric dynamic response of buried orthotropic cylindrical shell subjected to a moving load along the axis of the shell. The orthotropic shell has been buried in a homogeneous, isotropic and elastic medium of infinite extent. A thick shell theory including the effects of rotary inertia and shear deformation has been used. A perfect bond between the shell and the surrounding medium has been assumed. Results have been obtained for very hard (rocky), medium hard and soft soil surrounding the shell. The effects of shell orthotropy have been brought out by varying the non-dimensional orthotropic parameters over a long range. Under these conditions the shell response is studied in axisymmetric mode as well as in the flexural mode. It is observed that the shell response is significantly affected by change in orthotropic parameters and also due to change of response mode. It is observed that axial deformation is large in axisymmetric mode as compared to that in flexural mode.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-92
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• 2014

In spite of ICAO's effort to ensure the safety of flight operation by requiring crews, controllers, and other ground aviation staffs to use unified system for units, SI (System International of units), there are still many aircrafts designed, manufactured, and operated based on non-SI units, and many crew training in airline companies are also conducted based on non-SI. Due to this confusion of using different unit systems in international flight operation, many crew members and passengers are exposed to danger. International flights pilots may have confusion while flying different airspaces of different countries that use different unit systems, and this may cause human errors causing accidents and incidents. Due to these reasons, it is needed to establish the standards to reflect non-SI that many countries practically use to SI, which is international standard.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

In the next near future, the human would like to use the small unmanned ground vehicle(SUGV) on the diverse fields. Specially the world of today is tried to apply with operating the task on very difficult working environments such as some dangerous or unreachable area. To work this task, this vehicle should be guaranteed with the high level of reliability, safety, and performance. In this paper, we propose to focus on not only the functional requirements, but also the non-functional requirements based on software architecture at the design stage for developing the embedded system. Through focusing on the non-functional requirements on this software architecture, we can obtain the design goal of the target system and also show the enhancement of reliability, safety and performance with 'Vtune' performance analysis tool.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.481-488
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• 2018

Preliminary studies have claimed that short term fasting would negatively affect school performance and cognition. In contrast some other studies have reported not important decline in cognition and executive function as a result of fasting. Also limited attention was generally devoted to dietetic regimens, nutritional status and body weight. Yet neuroscience and neuro-cognitive aspects of acute hunger on the electroencephalogram and differences between obese and non-obese cases is not well understood. Hence, we decided to design and perform a case study in a more controlled situation similar to reality. Therefore, we performed several examinations including subjective tests (for eating status) and objective tests (cognitive tests such as Stroop effect and Sternberg search and electroencephalogram measures such as steady-state visual evoked potential and auditory steady-state responses) for an obese and a non-obese academic case before and after a simple breakfast. The results showed that the breakfast effects on the neuro-cognitive functions depend on either obesity status, nutritional status of the case or the type of cognitive task (visual or auditory). This paper would open a new insight to answer some important questions about the neuro-cognitive implications of fasting and feeding in obese and non-obese human cases.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.10
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• 2022

Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is a common hereditary disorder. Both clinical and genetic heterogeneity has created many obstacles to understanding the causes of NSHL. The present study has attempted to ravel the genetic aetiology in NSHL progression and to screen out potential target genes using computational approaches. The reported NSHL target genes (2009-2020) have been studied by analyzing different biochemical and signaling pathways, interpretation of their functional association network, and discovery of important regulatory interactions with three previously established miRNAs in the human inner ear as well as in NSHL such as miR-183, miR-182, and miR-96. This study has identified SMAD4 and SNAI2 as the most putative target genes of NSHL. But pathogenic and deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms discovered within SMAD4 is anticipated to have an impact on NSHL progression. Additionally, the identified deleterious variants in the functional domains of SMAD4 added a supportive clue for further study. Thus, the identified deleterious variant i.e., rs377767367 (G491V) in SMAD4 needs further clinical validation. The present outcomes would provide insights into the genetics of NSHL progression.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2022

This study analyzed how Kruchenikh's opera, "Victory over the Sun", performed in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1913, contributed to the birth of Malevich's Suprematism in 1915, and how the forms and features of the costumes were expressed in the opera's content. The results of the study are as follows: First, the theoretical background of the opera, "Victory over the Sun" was limited to Suprematism and non-objective art, which was divided into analytical cubism, cubo-futurism, and Uspensky's four-dimensional concept of space. Second, to reveal that Suprematism, appeared in the form of non-objective abstract art, was possible with the set and costume design of "Victory over the Sun," the set design was analyzed. Third, to reveal that Malevich's Suprematism was influenced by "Victory over the Sun," the study considered the characteristics of Suprematism in "Victory over the Sun". Finally, Malevich's Suprematism art costumes expressed in "Victory over the Sun" were divided into geometric spatial structures, images of black & white, mechanical human images, and images of warriors and the characteristics of each costume were considered. Malevich's "Victory over the Sun" showed a significant impact not only on the birth of Suprematism but also on the development of the non-objective art & costumes.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.182-187
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• 2022

This study aims to study non-rechargeable wrist-type smart bands for those vulnerable to the digital environment. The transition to the digital age means improving the efficiency of human life and the convenience of management. In the digital age, it can be a very convenient infrastructure for the digital generation, but otherwise, it can cause inconvenience. COVID-19 is spreading non-face-to-face culture. The reality is that the vulnerable are complaining of discomfort in non-face-to-face culture. The core of the digital environment is smartphones. Digital life is spreading around smartphones. Technology that drives the digital environment is the core technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The technologies are lot, big data, Blockchain, Smart Mobility, and AI. Related technologies based on these technologies include digital ID cards, digital keys, and nfc technologies. Non-rechargeable wrist-type smart bands based on related technologies can be conceptualized. Through these technologies, blind people can easily access books and manage their ID cards conveniently and efficiently. In particular, access authentication is required wherever you go due to COVID-19, which can be used as a useful tool for the elderly who feel uncomfortable using smartphones. It can also eliminate the inconvenience of the elderly finding or losing their keys.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 2023

A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, and has been considered as a substitute for continuous power supply due to its high performance, simple structure and eco-friendliness. Recently, it is important to develop a TENG using a non-toxic material in order to use it as a power source for wearable, attachable, and body-embeddable electronics. Here, we developed a human friendly TENG using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel containing acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), a non-toxic plasticizer. PVC gels were fabricated using various ratios of PVC and ATBC, and optimized by investigating dielectric properties, surface potential, output performance, and durability. The PVC gel based TENG generates output signals of 73 V and 4.3 μA, i.e., a 5-fold enhancement in the output power compared to pristine PVC-based TENG. In addition, the PVC gel can be stretched over 500% of strain. This study is expected to be helpful in the future development of non-toxic wearable TENG.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.293-310
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• 2023

Protein-translated mRNA analysis has been extensively used to determine the function of various traits in animals. The non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which was known to be non-functional because it was not encoded as a protein, was re-examined as it was studied to actually function. One of the ncRNAs, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is known to have a function of regulating mRNA expression, and its importance is emerging. Therefore, lncRNAs are currently being used to understand the traits of various animals as well as human diseases. However, studies on lncRNA annotation and its functions are still lacking in most animals except humans and mice. lncRNAs have unique characteristics of lncRNAs and interact with mRNA through various mechanisms. In order to make lncRNA annotations in animals in the future, it is essential to understand the characteristics of lncRNAs and the mechanisms by which lncRNAs function. In addition, this will allow lncRNAs to be used for a wider variety of traits in a wider range of animals, and it is expected that integrated analysis using other biological information will be possible.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-110
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• 2016

Uncanny valley refers to the condition where the affinity of a human-like object decreases dramatically if the object becomes extremely similar to human, and has been hypothesized to derive from the cognitive load of categorical conflict against an uncanny object. According to the hypothesis, the present study ran an oddball task consisting of trials each displaying one among a non-human, human and uncanny face, and measured event-related potentials (ERPs) for each trial condition. In Experiment 1, a non-human face was presented in 80% of the trials (standard) whereas a human face for another 10% trials (target) and an uncanny face for the remaining 10% trials (uncanny). Participants' responses were relatively inaccurate and delayed in both the target and uncanny oddball trials, but neither P3 nor N170 component differed across the three trial conditions. Experiment 2 used 3-D rendered realistic faces to increase the degree of categorical conflict, and found the behavioral results were similar to Experiment 1. However, the peak amplitude of N170 of the target and uncanny trials were higher than the standard trials while P3 mean amplitudes for both the target and uncanny trials were comparable but higher than the amplitude for the standard trials. P3 latencies were delayed in the order of the standard, target, and uncanny trials. The changes in N170 and P3 patterns across the experiments appear to arise from the categorical conflict that the uncanny face must be categorized as a non-target according to the oddball-task requirement despite its perceived category of a human face. The observed increase of cognitive load following the added reality to the uncanny face also indicates that the cognitive load, supposedly responsible for the uncanny experience, would depend on the increase of categorical conflict information subsequent to added stimulus complexity.