• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 1997

Multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase $A_2$ have been detected in human amniotic fluid (HAF). When HAF was subjected to heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, phospholipase $A_2$ activity was detected in both heparin-non binding and binding fraction. The activity of heparin-non binding fraction was further purified by sequential uses of column chromatographies on butyl-Toy-opearl 650M and DEAE-Sephacel. DEAE-Sephacel fraction contained three different phospholipase $A_2$ activities (Peak I, II, III). The molecular weight of DEAE-Sephacel fraction phospholipase $A_2$ determined by SDS-PAGE were about 52KDa (Peak I). Peak II, III required micromolar $Ca^{2+}$ ion for its maximum activity, but Peak I enzyme showed calcium independent phospholipase $A_2$ activity and showed broad range of pH (6.0~10.0) optimum. All these enzymes were not recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against phospholipase $A_2$ from human synovial fluid. These results suggest that HAF might contain multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase $A_2$, which may neither belong to the 14KDa group II phospholipase $A_2$ family nor cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.991-996
• /
• 2015

Side population (SP) cells have stem cell-like properties with a capacity for self-renewal and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore the presence of SP cells in human breast cancer probably has prognostic value. Objective: To investigate the characteristics of SP cells and identify the relationship between the SP cells levels and clinico-pathological parameters of the breast tumor and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 122 eligible breast cancer patients were consecutively recruited from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007 at Yunnan Tumor Hospital. All eligible subjects received conventional treatment and were followed up for seven years. Predictors of recurrence and/or metastasis and DFS were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Human breast cancer cells were also obtained from fresh human breast cancer tissue and cultured by the nucleic acid dye Hoechst33342 with Verapami. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to isolate the cells of SP and non-SP types. Results: In this study, SP cells were identified using flow cytometric analysis with Hoechst 33342 dye efflux. Adjusted for age, tumor size, lymph nodal status, histological grade, the Cox model showed a higher risk of recurrence and/or metastasis positively associated with the SP cell level (1.75, 1.02-2.98), as well as with axillary lymph node metastasis (2.99, 1.76-5.09), pathology invasiveness type (1.7, 1.14-2.55), and tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) (1.54, 1.01-2.36). Conclusions: The SP cell level is independently associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome after controlling for other pathological factors. The axillary lymph node status, TVDT and the status of non-invasive or invasive tumor independently predict the prognosis of breast cancer.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2013

The development of modern industry and the production of new materials of architecture have recognized as an important aspect. This study intended to discuss about the meaning of main elements of the architecture materials, its implications for properties, and, highlighted meaning of the properties of modern interior design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the case studies of Place and Physical materials of synaesthesia of modern architecture as well as modern architecture is not only concentrated in the visual aspect but also the larger ramifications of sensory. Synesthesia in architectural space can be called experiential existence that built in the space of human perception and based on the human emotion that targeted by physical architectural space. Accordingly, these case studies are to consider about how the materials being passed by any effect in a modern interior space presented, In order to find the essential meaning in modern interior space, this studies focused on Swiss architect Peter Zumthor's cases. Following analyze of Peter Zumthor's place of architectural space and materials, this study structured by the six kinds of synesthesia characters. First, time and remember to infer changes, Second, traditional and regional ingredients involve the substitution of one empirical space, Third, non-materiality through the neutralization, Fourth, auditory memory through the embodiment of everydayness, Fifth, trail through the sense of smell for the presence, Sixth, the relationship of natural and industrial products. Peter Zumthor's characteristics of these works are result of factors on the synesthetic relationship with the human response to architecture, the five senses, memories, experiences, and temperature. Also it is a synesthetic result of all human emotion to clarify of the architecture materials and non-material mediums by which light by a compound.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.168-178
• /
• 2015

This article analysis the aesthetics of metal-body of (1989) and its metamorphosis of dehumanization through visual desires expressed by body images. This paper suggests theoretical analysis based on aesthetic views to understand the underlying meanings. The research categorizes three types of images; surreal image, grotesque image and eros image from the metamorphosis of dehumanization and transformation throughout the film. As the surreal image, the metamorphic process of transformation, demolition, derangement, illusion, and human desire continues to reflect the evil side of a human in everyday life. It also visualizes the images of exaggeration through weakness and bizarre side of metal-body. The grotesque image of body metamorphosis displays and symbolizes double-sides of bizarre and weak side of human in the everyday environment when malformation reaches its peak when Tetsuo finally shows his transforming figure. Finally, the eros image is analogized as a man's inner self and self-destruction in surreal world and a grotesque figure when overwhelming desire of transforming into rebirth of a perfect metal-body, Tetsuo. The surreal image, grotesque image, and eros image portraits human desires inner and outer-self into visualized image and that represents the means of excessive desire for dreaming of world domination with merging non-organic medium of metal and organic body to create a perfect body-image.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.387-397
• /
• 2003

During the first half of twentieth century, even though the importance of non-calorie essential micronutrients of 13 vitamins and 17 minerals has been known to alleviate nutritional disorder; the primary objective of agriculture and plant breeding programs has been to increase the productivity and seed yields, and macronutrients of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates made up the bulk of foodstuff which were used primarily as an energy source. In the last decade it has been found that non-essential micronutrients encompass a vast group of phytochemicals including antioxidants that are not strictly required in the diet but when present at sufficient levels work as health-promoting chemicals. Nowadays agricultural crops are grown for health rather than for food or fiber, and modifying the nutritional compositions of plant foods has become an urgent health issue. To ensure an adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals, and to increase the consumption of health-promoting phytochemicals, the researches on plant secondary metabolism have been made. The attempt to improve nutritional quality of crops has been blocked by a lack of basic knowledge of plant metabolism. The advent of genomics era enabled new approaches to make crossing regardless of species, family, or phylum barriers, and the accumulation in our basic knowledge on plant secondary metabolism during the coming decade would be tremendous. As the major staple crops contain insufficient amount of many micronutrients, fortification strategy will be a necessary practice. Elevated intake of specific vitamins, C, E, and $\beta$-carotene, mineral selenium, antioxidants, and phytochemicals significantly reduces the risk of chronic disease such as cancer, cardiovascular disorder, diabetis, and other degenerative disease associated with aging. As the attempt to improve the nutritional quality of crops requires the basic knowledges on plant metabolism, plant biochemistry, human physiology, and food chemistry, strong interdisplinary collaboration among plant biotechnologists, human nutritionists, and food scientists will be needed. Inhibition of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other degenerative disorder may be the biggest goal facing nutritional plant breeders. But the assumption that simply increasing dietary level of any compound will necessarily improve human health is a dangerous idea because many plant secondary products and dietary contaminants have paradoxical (hermetic) effects. Before biotechnical manipulation is undertaken to elevate or reduce any individual constituent of crops, the contribution of the micronutrient to human health must first be investigated.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2011

Human NK cells, identified 30 years ago based on their ability to spontaneously kill tumor cells, constitute a subset of lymphocytes, which play an important role in the first line of immune defense and the effective function of these cells are enhanced by cytokines. Lung carcinoma has been one of the most commonly diagonosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death in male. Here we provide the evidence that human natural killer cells has inhibitory effects on tumor growth of human lung cancer cell NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer). Enriched NK cell population was obtained by 2 weeks cultivation in interleukin-2(IL-2)-containing medium. The resulting population comprised 26% CD3$^+$ cells, 9% CD3$^+$CD4$^+$ cells, 16% CD3$^+$CD8$^+$ cells, 76% CD56$^+$ cells, 6% CD3$^+$CD56$^+$ cells and 70% CD3$^-$CD56$^+$ cells. Activated NK cells at doese of 2.5, 5, and 10 million cells per mouse inhibited 2%, 12% and 45% of NCI-H460-induced tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft assays, repectively. This result suggests that NK cell-based immunotherapy may be used as an adoptive immunotherapy for lung cancer patients.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.958-969
• /
• 2003

The human Y chromosome is strictly paternally inherited and does not X-Y crossing over during male meiosis in most of its length. Although this region came to be known as the non-recombining region Y (NRY), it was renamed as male-specific region Y (MSY) due to abundant recombination. The MSY is a mosaic of heterochromatic sequences and three classes of euchromatic sequences: X-transposed, X-degenerated and ampliconic. The X-transposed sequences exhibit 99% identity to the X chromosomal sequences. The X-degenerate sequences are remnants of ancient autosomes from which the modem X and Y chromosomes evolved. Eight palindromes of the ampliconic comprise one-quarter of the euchromatic DNA of the male-specific region of the human Y chromosome. They contain many testis-specific genes and typically exhibit 99.97% intra-palindromic (arm-to-arm) sequence identity. The arms of these palindromes must have subsequently engaged in gene conversion, driving the pair arms to evolve it concert. Averages of approximately 600 nucleotides per newborn male have undergone Y-Y gene conversion, which has had an important role in the evolution of multi-copy testis gene families in the MSY.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.1317-1325
• /
• 2008

Viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparations of plasma-derived pharmaceuticals. One potential way to increase the safety of therapeutic biological products is the use of a virus-retentive filter. In order to increase the viral safety of human antihemophilic factor IX, particularly in regard to non-enveloped viruses, a virus removal process using a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (Viresolve NFP) has been optimized. The most critical factor affecting the filtration efficiency was operating pH and the optimum pH was 6 or 7. Flow rate increased with increasing operating pressure and temperature. Recovery yield in the optimized production-scale process was 96%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the filtered factor IX in comparison with those before filtration. A 47-mm disk membrane filter was used to simulate the process performance of the production-scale cartridges and to test if it could remove several experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including human hepatitis A virus (HAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpes virus (BHV). Non-enveloped viruses (HAV, PPV, and EMCV) as well as enveloped viruses (HIV, BVDV, and BHV) were completely removed during filtration. The log reduction factors achieved were $\geq$6.12 for HAV, $\geq$4.28 for PPV, $\geq$5.33 for EMCV, $\geq$5.51 for HIV, $\geq$5.17 for BVDV, and $\geq$5.75 for BHV. These results indicate that the virus filtration process successfully improved the viral safety of factor IX.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2013

Since human genome project finished, the cost for human genome analysis has decreased very rapidly. This results in the sharp increase of human genome data to be analyzed. As the need for fast analysis of very large bio data such as human genome increases, non IT researchers such as biologists should be able to execute fast and effectively many kinds of bio applications, which have a variety of characteristics, under HPC environment. To accomplish this purpose, a biologist need to define a sequence of bio applications as workflow easily because generally bio applications should be combined and executed in some order. This bio workflow should be executed in the form of distributed and parallel computing by allocating computing resources efficiently under HPC cluster system. Through this kind of job, we can expect better performance and fast response time of very large bio data analysis. This paper proposes a workflow-based data analysis system specialized for bio applications. Using this system, non-IT scientists and researchers can analyze very large bio data easily under HPC environment.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.6-12
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we proposed IoT based Smart Health Service using Motion Recognition for Human UX/UI. Until now, sensor networks using M2M-based u-healthcare are using non-IP protocol instead of TCP / IP protocol. However, in order to increase the service utilization and facilitate the management of the IoT-based sensor network, many sensors are required to be connected to the Internet. Therefore, IoT-based smart health service is designed considering network mobility because it is necessary to communicate not only the data measured by sensors but also the Internet. In addition, IoT-based smart health service developed smart health service for motion detection as well as bio information unlike existing healthcare platform. WBAN communications used in u-healthcare typically consist of many networked devices and gateways. The method proposed in this paper can easily cope with dynamic changes even in a wireless environment by using a technology supporting mobility between WBAN sensor nodes, and systematic management is performed through detection of a user's motion.