• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.543-550
• /
• 2021

Recently, there has been an increase of accidents related to the rise in the use of Personal Mobility Vehicle (PMV). To solve this problem, the National Assembly announced an amendment that restricted the use of PMV to bicycle roads and to prohibited for people under 13 years old to use PMV, but there is no detailed information about travel speed and safety. In this study, a survey was conducted by dividing the group into minors and adults based on the age of obtaining a driver's license to find out the direction of improvement of laws and systems about PMV. Our results showed that adults considered PMV as more dangerous (Adults 5.50, Minors 4.94) and the suggested age for PMV use was lower from minors than adults (Adults 15.70, Minors 13.85). We found that proper travel speed on bicycle roads differed according to the presence of a driveway (Driveway 26.21 km/h, Non-Driveway 23.55 km/h) and minors had higher a travel speed than adults on all types of bicycle road. Also, Helmets for PMV were seen as the most important safety equipment on all types of bicycle road. and the importance of other safety equipment differed according to the presence of a driveway (Driveway Front-Lighting, Non-Driveway Car Horn). Through this study, It proposes that we have to make new regulations about the use of front lights and horns, as well as enforcement measures that differentiate the speed on each bicycle road type as a way to improve the laws and systems for PMV.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2006

Bee Venom aqua-acupuncture (BVA) simultaneously exerts pharmacological effects of biologically active compounds, existed in the whole bee venom, and medicinal effect of the stimulation of acupuncture points. BVA has been considered as a promising therapeutic method for treating various chronic diseases, mainly accompanying severe pain and inflammation. As a painless injection device, jet injectors have been commercially marketed for various clinical applications including insulin injection and vaccination. Among them, a pressure-driven jet injector system could be used for intradermal delivery of a variety of drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effects of the BVA using a needle-free injector (Biojector $2000^{\circledR}$, Bioject Inc., OR, USA), compared to the conventional BV aqua-acupuncture using a typical syringe. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with bee venom $(0.08mg/kg,\;50{\mu}l)$ using Biojector $2000^{\circledR}$ (BVA-B) or a syringe (BVA-5) into the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint, 30 minutes before plantar injection of 2% formalin. It was found that BVA-B-, or BVA-5-treated rats, compared to controls, exhibited significantly less licking behavior during the late phase in the rat formalin test, when compared to controls. During early phase, however, those effects were not significant but substantial. The analgesic effect of BVA-B was also compatible with that of the conventional BVA-5. In the immunohistochemical studies, BVA-B significantly suppressed the expression of formalin-evoked c-fos, a biomarker of neuronal activity, in the lumbar dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These results indicated that BVA-B waseffective in the modulation of pain in the rat formalin test, compared to BVA-5. Taken together, the needle-free jet injector system could be substituted for the conventional aqua- acupuncture with the advantage of little pain.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the arthroscopic findings of the transplanted human allogenic meniscus including MRI changes at follow up. Materials and Methods : From Oct. 1999 to Jun. 2002, nine patients underwent arthroscopic evaluation at follow-up. We used nonirradiated cryopreserved meniscus allograft for 6 cases and fresh-frozen for 3 cases. We used bone-plug method for medial meniscus and bone-bridge method for lateral meniscus to fix the transplanted meniscus. The average follow-up time was 13 months. We evaluated the result by lysholm score, MRI and second-look arthroscopic finding. Results : The second-look arthroscopy after allogenic meniscal transplantation revealed that grafts were well incorporated with surrounding capsular tissue. But one case showed wear on the post horn and the other case which was operated at other local clinic showed tear of the anterior hem due to non-anatomic placement of bone bridge. There was improvement of average Lysholm score form 64 to 87. Conclusion : Second-look arthroscopy revealed excellent incorporation of the allograft with firm attachment and early clinical results are satisfactory. But further studies are necessary to assess whether meniscal transplantation can prevent progressive degenerative changes.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.270-281
• /
• 2021

The Yongjam of Oejae, Yi Dan-ha's wife, is an ornamental hairpin with a dragon-shaped engraving; designated as National Folklore Cultural Heritage No. 4. It is also a component of the ceremonial costume, and an artifact of great value as it clearly identifies the position of the wearer and the period of this artifact. The Yongjam has been well preserved in general; however, various pollutants and corrosive products have affected the engraved patterns, requiring conservation treatment. Furthermore, a non-destructive analysis was conducted to identify the components of the materials and the manufacturing techniques used in the ornament. The Yongjam is hollow inside to reduce its weight when placed in the hair and has a color contrast of gold, red, and black. The decorative part and the body were made separately. That is, the body was made from an alloy of copper, silver, and zinc, and its joint was elaborately connected without any overlaps. In the decorative part, different alloy ratios were identified in the dragon's face, beard, horn, body, and fin. Further, for the dragon's face with its delicate patterns, an alloy of silver and copper was used, likely to make the face appear as realistic as possible.