• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.102-115
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• 1994

This paper is to evaluate the fatigue strength of lap joints of materials applied to LNG carrier cargo containment of GAZ-TRANSPORT(GT) type, which was welded by manual and automatic TIG welding process. The thicknesses of lapped members were 1.5mm/1.5mm or 1.5mm/0.7mm in Invar to Invar joint, and 1.5mm/8.0mm in Invar to stainless steel joint, respectively. These lap joints were mainly applied to the membrance fabrication of GT-LNG carrier. Fatigue tests of Invar/Inar lap joints were conducted under the stress ratio R=0 at room temperature. The effect of mean stress and cumulative fatigue damage on the allowable stress of Invar lap joint was evaluated on the basis of test results. Fatigue test was also conducted on Inver/Stainless steel lap joints welded by automatic TIG process without filler metals. The fatigue test of the joint was carried out under the same conditions as those of Invar/invar lap joints. The fatigue strength of the joint welded without filler metal was comparable to those welded with filler metal quoted from reference. The fatigue strength of Invar/stainless steel lap joint was only dependent on the lap throat thickness, and not on the welding process. Based on test results, the applicability of TIG welding process without filler metal in Invar/stainless steel lap joint was reviewed by controlling welding variables to assure the valid throat thickness of lap joints.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.60-71
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• 2007

액체로켓 엔진의 시동은 연소기와 가스발생기의 안정적인 점화는 물론 시동에 소요되는 시간을 단축하여 추력 발생과 상관없는 추진제 소모량을 줄이는 방향으로 전개되어야 한다. 특히 엔진시스템의 시동 순서나 규격을 모두 시험적으로 개발하는 데는 한계가 있으며, 안전상의 이유로 시험 조건이나 시동 cyclogram에 대한 해석적인 분석이 선행될 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 가스발생기 사이클 액체로켓 엔진의 수학적 모델을 상용 1차원 유체시스템 해석 프로그램인 Flowmaster를 기반으로 개발하였으며, 이를 이용하여 안정된 엔진 시동을 위한 파이로시동기 규격이나 연소기 및 가스발생기 종단밸브의 열림시간 등을 구하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 아울러 해석 결과로 구한 시동특성을 해외 엔진의 시동 해석 결과와 정성적인 비교를 수행하여 비교적 잘 일치함을 파악하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.514-519
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• 2006

A simple HPLC method using UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of levodropropizine (LDP) In dog plasma. The sample was prepared for injection using a liquid-liquid extraction method with 1-phenypiperazine as the internal standard. The mobile phase was methanol - diethylamine solution (0.05 M) (20:80, v/v, pH adjusted to 3.0 with $H_3PO_4$) with a detection wavelength of 240 nm. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of LDP in a biological matrix was determined to be 25.25 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear across the concentration range of 25.25 to 2020 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision values (CV%) were within 7% and accuracy (R.E. %) was within 6% of the nominal values for medium (252.5 ng/mL) and high (2020 ng/mL) LDP concentrations. For the LDP concentration at the LOQ, the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 20% and 10%, respectively. The average absolute recovery for LDP was 70.28%. This method was successfully used to analyze plasma samples in a steady-state bioavailability study of a newly developed sustained-release LDP tablets (SR) using immediate-release tablets (IR) as the reference. The relative bioavailability of the SR was determined to be $106.3\;{\pm}\;12.8%$ (n=6). The $C_{max}$ of the SR was significantly lower (p<0.05), and the $t_{max}$ was significantly longer than that of the IR (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA and two one-sided tests indicated that the SR exhibited acceptable sustained release properties and was bioequivalent to the IR.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

흙을 나타내는 가장 기본적인 물리적 성질중의 하나가 흙을 구성하는 입자들의 입도분포이며, 입도분포특성을 분석하기 위해 최근에 대두되고 있는 방법중의 하나가 프랙탈 이론이다. 본 연구에서는 fragmentation 프랙탈을 이용하여 흙의 입도분포곡선의 특성을 파악하였다. Fragmentation 프랙탈을 표현하는 방법에는 ‘개수-입경’프랙탈과 '중량-입경' 프랙탈이 있으며, 본 연구 결과, '중량-입경' 방법이 더 실용적이었다. 균등계수($C_{u}$)가 4이하에서는 균등계수가 증가함에 따라 프랙탈차원($D_{tot}$)이 급격히 증가하였으나, 균등계수가 6이상에서는 일정한 값에 수렴되는 결과를 나타냈다. 곡률계수($C_{c}$)가 3이상에서는 프랙탈차원은 크기가 작은 입자들의 영향을 받고, 곡률계수가 3이하에서는 큰 입자들의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 유효입경($D_{10}$)의 크기에 따른 프랙탈차원의 변화를 분석한 결과, 균등계수와 곡률계수가 같을 경우 프랙탈차원은 유효입경의 크기에 영향을 거의 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 입자의 크기분포를 고려할 수 있는 프랙탈 개념을 입도분석에 적용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되며, 향후 프랙탈차원과 흙의 공학적 특성과의 관계정립에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3251-3259
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 철근의 부식을 고려한 철근콘크리트(RC)보의 휨파괴거동을 규명하기 위하여 수행한 일련의 3점휨 파괴시험 및 해석적 연구 결과를 제시하였다. 실험적 연구를 위하여 총12개의 시편보를 제작하였으며, 염수분무시험 챔버를 이용하여 10개월간 촉진부식토록 하였다. 철근부식에 미치는 균열의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 일부 시험체를 공칭휨강도의 30% 와 60%에 해당하는 최대하중으로 미리 하중을 가한 후 염소분무 시험챔버에 보관하였다. 재령 5개월 및 10월에 각각 휨파괴시험을 실시하였으며 최대하중과 하중-처짐곡선을 측정하였다. 실험결과 철근의 부식정도에 따라 철근과 콘크리트간의 부착력 손실이 발생하고 그에 기인하여 휨강도는 최대 5.4%, 연성도는 최대 43%의 저하가 발생하여 철근의 부식이 최대 하중 보다 연성도에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편, Maaddawy의 해석적 모델을 이용한 수치해석결과 철근의 부식을 고려한 RC보의 휨파괴거동을 상당부분 잘 묘사할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2018

Quality requirements of manufactured products or parts are given in the form of specification limits on the quality characteristics of individual units. If a product is to meet the customer's fitness for use criteria, it should be produced by a process which is stable or repeatable. In other words, it must be capable of operating with little variability around the target value or nominal value of the product's quality characteristic. In order to maintain and improve product quality, we need to apply statistical process control techniques such as histogram, check sheet, Pareto chart, cause and effect diagram, or control charts. Among those techniques, the most important one is control charting. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts have been used in statistical process control (SPC) in industries for monitoring process shifts and supporting online measurement. The objective of this research is to apply Taguchi's quality loss function concept to cost based CUSUM control chart design. In this study, a modified quality loss function was developed to reflect quality loss situation where general quadratic loss curve is not appropriate. This research also provided a methodology for the design of CUSUM charts using Taguchi quality loss function concept based on the minimum cost per hour criterion. The new model differs from previous models in that the model assumes that quality loss is incurred even in the incontrol period. This model was compared with other cost based CUSUM models by Wu and Goel, According to numerical sensitivity analysis, the proposed model results in longer average run length in in-control period compared to the other two models.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.145-159
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• 2021

Purpose: A statistical similarity evaluation to compare pharmacokinetics(PK) profile data between nonclinical and clinical experiments has become a significant issue on many drug development processes. This study proposes a new similarity index by considering important parameters, such as the area under the curve(AUC) and the time-series profile of various PK data. Methods: In this study, a new profile similarity index(PSI) by using the concept of a process capability index(Cp) is proposed in order to investigate the most similar animal PK profile compared to the target(i.e., Human PK profile). The proposed PSI can be calculated geometric and arithmetic means of all short term similarity indices at all time points on time-series both animal and human PK data. Designed simulation approaches are demonstrated for a verification purpose. Results: Two different simulation studies are conducted by considering three variances(i.e., small, medium, and large variances) as well as three different characteristic types(smaller the better, larger the better, nominal the best). By using the proposed PSI, the most similar animal PK profile compare to the target human PK profile can be obtained in the simulation studies. In addition, a case study represents differentiated results compare to existing simple statistical analysis methods(i.e., root mean squared error and quality loss). Conclusion: The proposed PSI can effectively estimate the level of similarity between animal, human PK profiles. By using these PSI results, we can reduce the number of animal experiments because we only focus on the significant animal representing a high PSI value.

• 분석과학
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2024

The study aimed to investigate a novel approach by utilizing liquid chromatography (LC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to separate, identify and characterize very nominal quantities of degradation products (DPs) of balsalazide along with its process related impurities without isolation from their reaction mixtures. The impurities along with balsalazide were resolved on spherisorb ODS2 (250×4.6 mm, 5.0 ㎛) column at room temperature using 0.2 M sodium acetate solution at pH 4.5 and methanol in the ratio of 55:45 (v/v) as mobile phase pumped isocratically at 1.0 mL/min as mobile phase and UV detection at 255 nm. The method shows sensitive detection limit of 0.003 ㎍/mL, 0.015 ㎍/mL and 0.009 ㎍/mL respectively for impurity 1, 2 and 3 with calibration curve liner in the range of 50-300 ㎍/mL for balsalazide and 0.05-0.30 for its impurities. The balsalazide pure compound was subjected to stress studies and a total of four degradation products (DPs) were formed during the stress study and all the DPs were characterized with the help of their fragmentation pattern and the masses obtained upon LC-MS/MS. The DPs were identified as 3-({4-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl) diazenyl]benzoyl}amino)propanoic acid (DP 1), 4-[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl] benzamide (DP 2), 5-[(E)-(4-carbamoylphenyl)diazenyl]-2-hydroxybenzoic acid (DP 3) and 3-({4-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]benzoyl}amino)propanoic acid (DP 4). Based on findings, it was concluded that, the proposed method was successfully applicable for routine analysis of balsalazide and its process related impurities in pure drug and formulations and also applicable for identification of known and unknown impurities of balsalazide.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2012

An intensive analysis of 148 timings of V700 Cyg was performed, including our new timings and 59 timings calculated from the super wide angle search for planets (SWASP) observations, and the dynamical evidence of the W UMa W subtype binary was examined. It was found that the orbital period of the system has varied over approximately $66^y$ in two complicated cyclical components superposed on a weak upward parabolic path. The orbital period secularly increased at a rate of $+8.7({\pm}3.4){\times}10^{-9}$ day/year, which is one order of magnitude lower than those obtained by previous investigators. The small secular period increase is interpreted as a combination of both angular momentum loss (due to magnetic braking) and mass-transfer from the less massive component to the more massive component. One cyclical component had a $20.^y3$ period with an amplitude of $0.^d0037$, and the other had a $62.^y8$ period with an amplitude of $0.^d0258$. The components had an approximate 1:3 relation between their periods and a 1:7 ratio between their amplitudes. Two plausible mechanisms (i.e., the light-time effects [LTEs] caused by the presence of additional bodies and the Applegate model) were considered as possible explanations for the cyclical components. Based on the LTE interpretation, the minimum masses of 0.29 $M_{\odot}$ for the shorter period and 0.50 $M_{\odot}$ for the longer one were calculated. The total light contributions were within 5%, which was in agreement with the 3% third-light obtained from the light curve synthesis performed by Yang & Dai (2009). The Applegate model parameters show that the root mean square luminosity variations (relative to the luminosities of the eclipsing components) are 3 times smaller than the nominal value (${\Delta}L/L_{p,s}{\approx}0.1$), indicating that the variations are hardly detectable from the light curves. Presently, the LTE interpretation (due to the third and fourth stars) is preferred as the possible cause of the two cycling period changes. A possible evolutionary implication for the V700 Cyg system is discussed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2012

이 연구는 순환잔골재를 사용한 콘크리트의 전단거동을 평가하고자 하였다. 추가적으로 순환굵은골재를 현행규준식 및 제안식과 비교/분석하였다. 동일한 압축강도를 갖는 5개의 실험체를 계획하였으며 각 실험체는 순환잔골재치환율(0%, 30%, 60%, 70%, 100%)을 변수로 계획하였으며 전단철근은 보강하지 않았다. 실험에 사용한 순환잔골재는 흡수율과 비중을 만족하는 골재를 사용하였다. 사용한 골재 중 70% 치환한 실험체의 경우 저품질의 순환잔골재를 사용하였다. 실험은 하중-변위관계, 전단변형, 경사균열하중, 균열패턴, 최대전단강도, 파괴모드를 분석하여 평가하였다. 실험 결과 순환잔골재를 사용한 철근콘크리트 보의 전단거동은 천연골재와 비교하여 전반적으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 전단에 관한 규준식 및 제안식과 비교한 결과 순환잔골재를 사용한 철근콘크리트 보의 경우 규준식 수정을 통한 새로운 제안식이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.